A Comprehensive Review on Role of Plant Tissue Culture in Ornamental Crops: Cultivation Factors, Applications and Future Aspects

Ornamental plants are grown largely for their artistic value, floriculturists must prioritize the proliferation and improvement of quality traits, as well as the production of unique diversity. Micropropagation, clonal reliability and conservation are all crucial factors to consider. Application of in vitro techniques in ornamental plant such as in vitro embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, in vitro pollination and in vitro ploidy manipulation but to enhance, techniques like as embryo rescue and somatic hybridization are commonly employed. The creation of synthetic seed allows for season-independent seed producing and long-term seed preservation. Many factors influence ornamental plant tissue culture, including plant genotype, explants type, and the physical environment (light, temperature, humidity, and CO2), in addition to medium composition and growth regulators. We compiled and reviewed an overall update on cultivation factors, application procedures in ornamental plant tissue culture, in vitro plant enhancement approaches and future prospects in this study.

Plantas medicinales, comestibles y aromáticas de una ciudad patagónica de Argentina: características y potencialidades de un recurso poco explorado / Medicinal, edible and aromatic plants in hedges of a patagonian city of Argentina: characteristics and potential of a resource little explored

Los cercos vivos urbanos tienen un rol significativo por ser reservorios de biodiversidad y por las funciones socioeconómicas que pueden sustentar. En Bariloche (Río Negro, Patagonia Argentina) se estudiaron 300 cercos familiares, la riqueza de especies leñosas componentes, sus usos medicinales y comestibles, presencia de aromaticidad, como así también su disponibilidad en comercios locales. Los cercos se componen de 86 especies, entre estas las más frecuentes son las exóticas: Cytisus scoparius, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus macrocarpa y Rosa sp., y las nativas: Chusquea culeou y Nothofagus antarctica. El 73 por ciento de las especies son medicinales, el 59 por ciento comestibles y el 33 por ciento. Solo el 24 por ciento de las especies están disponibles en comercios de la ciudad dedicados a la venta de alimentos y/o productos herbolarios. Se concluye que los cercos de Bariloche tienen un alto potencial para la complementación, diversificación de la dieta y el tratamiento de dolencias menores de los pobladores locales.

Urban hedges have a significant role to be reservoirs of biodiversity and socio-economic functions that it can sustain. In Bariloche (Río Negro, Patagonia Argentina) we studied 300 family hedges, the richness of woody components, their medicinal and edible uses, presence of aromaticity, as well as their availability in local stores. The hedges are composed of 86 species, among these the most common are the exotics: Cytisus scoparius, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus macrocarpa y Rosa sp., and the natives: Chusquea culeou and Nothofagus antarctica. 73 percent of these one are medicinal, 59 percent are edible and 33 percent are aromatic plants. Only 24 percent of the species are available in shops of the city dedicated to the sale of food and/or herbal products. We conclude that the hedges of Bariloche have a high potential for supplementation, dietary diversification, and treatment of minor ailments of the local people.

Manejo de pragas em cultivo de roseira de sistema de produção integrada e sistema convencional / Pest management in rose crop in integrated production system and conventional system

A cultura da roseira é suscetível ao ataque de várias pragas e o uso de práticas agrícolas menos agressivas à natureza têm sido incentivadas como alternativa ao controle químico. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de agentes de controle biológico e defensivos alternativos no manejo de pragas na produção integrada de rosas e comparálo com o uso de defensivos químicos no sistema convencional. O experimento foi conduzido de fevereiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011 em cultivo de roseira em casa de vegetação (18 x 6 m) em São João Del Rei (MG). Foram utilizadas mudas de rosas da cultivar 'Carolla' (espaçamento de 1,20 m x 0,20 m). Foram separadas duas áreas na casa de vegetação, sendo uma com controle químico convencional e outra de produção integrada. Cada área continha quatro linhas com 50 plantas por linha. Foram feitas amostragens semanais através da contagem dos artrópodes fitófagos e inimigos naturais presentes nas plantas. Os principais artrópodes fitófagos encontrados foram ácaros, pulgões, moscas brancas e tripes. Não foi constatado dano nas plantas em ambas as áreas avaliadas. Não foram utilizados defensivos químicos na área de produção integrada. Na área de produção integrada foram encontrados 84,2% dos inimigos naturais quantificados. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo permitem concluir que o cultivo de rosas em sistema de produção integrada possibilita a redução da aplicação de defensivos químicos e o aumento da população de inimigos naturais na área.

The culture of the rose is susceptible to attack by various pests and the use of agricultural practices less aggressive to nature has been encouraged as an alternative to chemical control. The objective was to evaluate the use of biological control agents and alternative pesticides in pest management in integrated production of roses and compare it with the use of pesticides in the conventional system. The experiment was conducted from february 2010 to january 2011 rose cultivation in greenhouse (18 x 6 m) in São João Del Rei (MG). Was used rose variety 'Carolla' (1.20 m x 0.20 m). Two areas were separated in a greenhouse, one with conventional chemical control and other integrated production. Each area contained four lines with 50 plants per row. Samples were collected weekly by counting the insects present in plants. The mains phytophagous arthropods were found mites, aphids, whiteflies and thrips. Damage was not observed in plants in both areas studied. No pesticides were used in the area of Integrated Production. In the area of integrated production found 84.2% of natural enemies quantified. The results of this study support the conclusion that the cultivation of roses in an integrated production system allows the reduction of the application of pesticides and increased population of natural enemies in the area.

New hosts of Myrothecium spp. in Brazil and a preliminary in vitro assay of fungicides

Myrothecium roridum and M. verrucaria are two plant pathogenic species causing foliar spots in a large number of cultivated plants. This paper aims to study the causal agents of foliar spots in vegetable crops (sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber), ornamental plants (Spathiphyllum wallisii, Solidago canadensis, Anthurium andreanum, Dieffenbachia amoena) and a solanaceous weed plant (Nicandra physaloides). Most of the isolates were identified as M. roridum; only the isolate 'Myr-02' from S. canadensis was identified as M. verrucaria. All the isolates were pathogenic to their original plant hosts and also to some other plants. Some fungicides were tested in vitro against an isolate of M. roridum and the mycelial growth recorded after seven days. Fungicides with quartenary ammonium, tebuconazole and copper were highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. roridum. This paper confirms the first record of M. roridum causing leaf spots in sweet pepper, tomato, Spathiphyllum, Anthurium, Dieffenbachia and N. physaloides in Brazil. We also report M. roridum as causal agent of cucumber fruit rot and M. verrucaria as a pathogen of tango plants.