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Abstract Background: The costoclavicular approach to brachial plexus block may have a more favorable anatomy than the classic infraclavicular approach. However, there are conflicting results in the literature regarding the comparative effectiveness of these two techniques. Methods: We systematically searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing costo-clavicular with infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks for upper extremity surgeries on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Ovid. The outcomes of interest were sensory and motor block onset times, performance times, block failure, and complication rate. We performed statistical analyses using RevMan 5.4 and assessed heterogeneity using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. We appraised the risk of bias according to Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool. Results: We included 5 RCTs and 374 patients, of whom 189 (50.5%) were randomized to undergo costoclavicular block. We found no statistically significant differences between the two techniques regarding sensory block onset time in minutes (Mean Difference [MD = −0.39 min]; 95% CI −2.46 to 1.68 min; p = 0.71); motor block onset time in minutes (MD = −0.34 min; 95% CI −0.90 to 0.22 min; p = 0.23); performance time in minutes (MD = −0.12 min; 95% CI −0.89 to 0.64 min; p = 0.75); incidence of block failure (RR = 1.59; 95% CI 0.63 to 3.39; p = 0.63); and incidence of complications (RR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.20 to 1.84; p = 0.37). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the CCV block may exhibit similar sensory and motor onset times when compared to the classic ICV approach in adults undergoing distal upper extremity surgery, with comparable rates of block failure and complications.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is the idiopathic osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis in children. It is a self-healing condition, and the morphology of the hip may vary according to the severity of the disease, among several other factors. The treatment focuses on attempts to prevent femoral head collapse, obtain functional hip motion recovery, and reduce pain. Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) of the femoral head has been reported in 2% to 7% of patients diagnosed with healed LCPD. Although OCD may remain asymptomatic, the osteochondral fragment has the potential to become unstable, evolving into symptoms of pain, locking, catching, and snapping. Case report: We present a case report of a ten-year-old boy with an OCD lesion following LCPD who underwent effective osteochondral fixation through the surgical hip dislocation approach. The patient evolved to excellent functional recovery at 1 year post-operatively. Discussion: The surgical hip dislocation approach allows anatomical fixation of the OCD fragment, as well as improvement of hip biomechanics, decreasing pain, improving range of motion and joint congruency, and preserving the native articular cartilage. It also gives the surgeon the opportunity to assess hip stability, femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears, allowing a wide variety of options for the treatment of the healed LCPD. Level of Evidence IV; Type of study Case Report.
RESUMO Introdução: A Doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes (DLCP) é a osteonecrose idiopática da epífise femoral proximal em crianças. É uma condição auto resolutiva, porém a morfologia final do quadril pode variar de acordo com a gravidade da doença. O tratamento concentra-se na tentativa de prevenir o colapso da cabeça femoral, obtendo recuperação funcional do movimento do quadril e redução da dor. A osteocondrite dissecante (OCD) da cabeça femoral foi relatada em 2% a 7% dos pacientes diagnosticados com DLCP já curada. Embora a OCD possa permanecer assintomática, o fragmento osteocondral tem potencial para se tornar instável, evoluindo para sintomas de dor, bloqueio, impacto e estalido. Relato de caso: Apresentamos o relato de caso de um menino de 10 anos com OCD da cabeça femoral após DLCP, submetido à fixação osteocondral do fragmento por meio da abordagem cirúrgica de luxação do quadril. O paciente evoluiu com excelente recuperação funcional 1 ano após a cirurgia. Discussão: A abordagem cirúrgica da luxação do quadril permite a fixação anatômica do fragmento da OCD, bem como a melhora da biomecânica do quadril, diminuindo a dor, melhorando a amplitude de movimento e a congruência articular e preservando a cartilagem articular nativa. Também dá ao cirurgião a oportunidade de avaliar a estabilidade do quadril, impacto femoroacetabular e lesões labrais, permitindo uma ampla variedade de opções para o tratamento das sequelas da DLCP. Nível de evidência IV; tipo de estudo Relato de Casos.
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Introducción: El síndrome del túnel carpiano es una de las causas más frecuentes de dolor crónico, su mayor incidencia está entre la quinta y sexta década de la vida; en Colombia tiene una alta incidencia, llegando al 14 por ciento especialmente en cierto grupo de trabajadores. El abordaje terapéutico incluye tratamiento médico y quirúrgico; en la actualidad ha sido ampliamente discutida la elección entre método endoscópico y cirugía abierta como primera línea de tratamiento. Objetivo: Desarrollar una revisión acerca de los aspectos clínicos y las diferentes opciones de abordaje terapéutico del síndrome del túnel carpiano a través de una exploración de la literatura científica existente. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect y Lilacs con las palabras clave indexadas en el DeCS. Conclusión: El síndrome de túnel carpiano es una entidad común con un impacto clínico importante en la vida del paciente, su sintomatología y sus complicaciones afectan las actividades diarias de quien lo padece; el abordaje terapéutico de esta enfermedad se establece comúnmente de forma escalonada, el abordaje quirúrgico es un tema ampliamente discutido; sin embargo, no hay evidencia contundente que establezca una de las opciones quirúrgicas como la definitiva(AU)
Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most frequent causes of chronic pain, with its highest incidence between the fifth and sixth decades of life; in Colombia, it has a high incidence, reaching 14 percent especially in a certain group of workers. The therapeutic approach includes medical and surgical treatment; currently, the choice between the endoscopic method or open surgery as the first line of treatment has been widely discussed. Objective: To develop a review of the clinical aspects and the different options of therapeutic approach for carpal tunnel syndrome, through an exploration of the existing scientific literature. Methods: A search was carried out in the SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Lilacs databases, using the keywords indexed in the DeCS. Conclusion: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common entity with an important clinical impact on the patient's life; its symptomatology and complications affect the daily activities of those who suffer from it. The therapeutic approach to this disease is commonly established in a stepwise manner; the surgical approach is a widely discussed topic. However, there is no conclusive evidence that establishes one of the surgical options as the definitive one/AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodosRESUMO
Se deben tener consideraciones especiales cuando se realizan reparaciones quirúrgicas del tendón de Aquiles. Su anatomía e irrigación particular plantean desafíos únicos para el manejo, y tener comprensión profunda de estas características es crucial para escoger el tratamiento adecuado y lograr resultados exitosos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la eficiencia de la reparación quirúrgica de la rotura aguda del tendón de Aquiles con técnica de Dresden, entre el 2015 y el 2021. Se realizó un estudio de tipo analítico, observacional, longitudinal y prospectiva. El análisis del aspecto estadístico fue a través de estadística descriptiva y asociación de las variables. Se incluyeron 34 pacientes con un promedio de 42 años, la mayoría de sexo masculino. Al aplicar las escalas VISA-A se obtuvo un promedio de 12 puntos, 67,5 puntos a los 6 meses y 80,5 puntos a los 12 meses. En la encuesta SF-12 a los 6 meses se obtuvo un promedio de 68,5 puntos y 80 puntos a los 12 meses; un paciente presentó rechazo de la sutura y 6 afirmaron algún grado de edema residual aun al año de la cirugía. La reparación quirúrgica con técnica de Dresden mejora la funcionabilidad del tendón de malos resultados a regulares y buenos resultados al año de seguimiento. El 68% de la población estudiada afirmó que se encuentran satisfechos con la cirugía(AU)
Special considerations must be made when performing surgical repairs of the Achilles tendon. Its particular anatomy and blood supply pose unique management challenges, and a thorough understanding of these characteristics is crucial to choosing the right treatment and achieving successful results. The objective of this work is to analyze the efficiency of the surgical repair of the acute rupture of the Achilles tendon with the Dresden technique, between 2015 and 2021. An analytical, observational, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out. The analysis of the statistical aspect was through descriptive statistics and association of the variables. 34 patients with an average age of 42 years were included, most of them male. When applying the VISA-A scales, an average of 12 points was obtained, 67,5 points at 6 months and 80,5 points at 12 months. In the SF-12 survey at 6 months an average of 68,5 points and 80 points at 12 months were obtained; One patient presented rejection of the suture and 6 reported some degree of residual edema even one year after surgery. Surgical repair with the Dresden technique improves the functionality of the tendon from poor to regular results and good results after a year of follow-up. 68% of the population studied stated that they are satisfied with the surgery(AU)
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Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Tendão do Calcâneo/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Cirurgia Geral , SuturasRESUMO
Las deformidades angulares en fémur distal son frecuentes en la consulta de ortopedia. Dependiendo del tipo de deformidad y la edad del paciente existen diferentes técnicas de corrección quirúrgica para mejorar la biomecánica de la rodilla, evitar el dolor y prevenir el daño del aparato extensor, la artrosis temprana y degeneración tardía de la articulación de la rodilla. Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal haciendo uso del Sistema LCP como tratamiento de las deformidades angulares en Fémur Distal en pacientes con madurez esquelética alcanzada tratados en el Hospital Ortopédico Infantil durante el periodo 2012 2022. Se incluyeron un total de 17 pacientes que representan 23 rodillas; predominó el género femenino con un 76% respecto al masculino con solo 24%. La edad media de intervención quirúrgica de fue de 15±1,66 años y la edad de evaluación final de 16±1,7años. Al comparar los promedios de la evaluación radiológica pre y postoperatoria, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas <0,05 en cuanto a la corrección de la Desviación del Eje Mecánico (MAD), Ángulo Femoral Distal Lateral mecánico (LDFAm) y ángulo Femoro Tibial (AFT). El tiempo de consolidación promedio fue de 11,3±1,4 semanas, no se presentaron complicaciones inherentes al acto quirúrgico ni postoperatorias. Existen varias modalidades de tratamiento para deformidades angulares en fémur distal y el escoger una depende de la preferencia, entrenamiento del cirujano, su equipo y recursos disponibles(AU)
Angular deformities in distal femur are frequently in the orthopedic clinic, the most common of which is valgus and is characterized by an alteration of the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (<85º). Depending of the type of deformity and the patient age at which it occurs, there are different surgical techniques correction to improve the biomechanics of the knee, avoid pain and prevent damage to the extensor apparatus, early osteoarthritis and late degeneration of the knee joint. An observational, descriptive, longitudinal study was carried out using the LCP System as a treatment for angular deformities in the Distal Femur in patients with reached skeletal maturity treated at the Hospital Ortopédico Infantil during the period 2012-2022. A total of 17 patients were included, representing 23 knees; the female predominated with 76% compared to the male with only 24%. The average age of surgical intervention was 15±1.66 years and the age of the final evaluation was 16±1.7 years. When comparing the averages of the pre and postoperative radiological evaluation, statistically significant differences <0.05 were found in terms of the correction of the Mechanical Axis Deviation (MAD), mechanical Lateral Distal Femoral Angle (LDFAm) and Femoro-Tibial angle ( AFT). The average consolidation time was 11.3 ± 1.4 weeks and there were no complications inherent to the surgical act or postoperative. There are several treatment modalities of angular deformities of the distal femur and the choice one depends of the preference and training of the surgeon, his team and the resources available(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Deformidades Congênitas das Extremidades Inferiores , Fraturas Femorais Distais/cirurgia , OsteotomiaRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la utilidad del bloqueo del tobillo con lidocaína y Bupivacaína para amputación de los radios del pie en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General del Sur Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo, Venezuela, desde mayo 2019 hasta mayo 2021. Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal. Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 18 a 90 años, con amputaciones traumáticas, pie diabético e insuficiencia vascular periférica. Se incluyeron 50 pacientes, con edad promedio de 50,76 ± 25,0 años, 35(70,0%) de sexo masculino. Con antecedente de diabetes 13(26,0%) pacientes, fumadores 4(8,0%), cardiópatas 4(8,0%), hipertensos/diabéticos 6(12,0%), obesidad 5(10,0%), trauma 6(12,0%), nefrópatas 2(4,0%), drogas 1(2,0%) y sin antecedentes 9(18,0%). Diagnóstico preoperatorio predominante: amputación traumática 19 pacientes (38,0%), El promedio de tiempo de inicio del bloqueo fue 5-15min en 21(42,0%) casos. El bloqueo fue satisfactorio en 46(92,0%) pacientes. La duración del bloqueo en 22(44,0%) pacientes fue prolongada. Según la EVA del dolor en 19(38,0%) casos fue leve. No se evidenciaron complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento en 50(100,0%) pacientes. El bloqueo con lidocaína y bupivacaína es una técnica útil en la amputación de los radios del pie, inmediata, ambulatoria, a bajo costo, de duración prolongada y satisfactoria, de bajo dolor postoperatorio, poco requerimiento de analgésicos y con bajas complicaciones(AU)
The objective to determine the usefulness of the ankle block with lidocaine and Bupivacaine for amputation of the foot rays in patients treated at the Hospital General del Sur Dr. Pedro Iturbe during the period May 2019 to May 2021. A pre-experiment, prospective and longitudinal study was made. Patients of both sexes, between 18 and 90 years old, with traumatic amputations, diabetic foot and peripheral vascular Insufficiency were included. A descriptive statistical analysis was applied. Mean age 50,76±25,0 years, 35(70,0%) male patients. Patients history: Diabetes 13(26,0%), smokers 4(8,0%), heart patients 4(8,0%), hypertensive/diabetics 6(12,0%) patients, obesity 5(10,0%), trauma 6(12,0%), kidney disease 2(4,0%), drugs 1(2,0%), no history 9(18,0%). Predominant preoperative diagnosis: traumatic amputation 19(38,0%) patients, Block onset time: medium (5-15min) 21(42,0%) patients. The blockade was satisfactory in 46 patients (92.0%). Block duration in 22(44,0%) patients was prolonged. Pain scale 19(38,0%) patients mild pain. There were no complications associated with the procedure in 50(100,0%) patients. Conclusions: The blockade with lidocaine and bupivacaine is useful in the amputation of the foot rays since it is performed immediately, on an outpatient basis, at low cost, with a long and satisfactory duration, presenting mild postoperative pain, little need for analgesics and they do not represent a risk for the patient since there were no complications related to the technique(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pé/fisiopatologia , Amputação Traumática , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Tornozelo , Pé DiabéticoRESUMO
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue el realizar un análisis de impacto presupuestario del injerto óseo en un servicio regional de salud chileno en base a un banco de tejido óseo. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico preliminar para obtener los datos necesarios para el análisis, específicamente sobre procedimientos de injerto óseo en un servicio de salud local del Servicio Salud Concepción (SSC). Esta búsqueda evidenció un total de 6.252 cc de injertos óseos con un costo total de USD $156.000 por año. Se encontró una capacidad potencial de 302 ± 16 cabezas femorales recuperadas por año de los procedimientos de reemplazo total de cadera y que un banco de tejido óseo puede generar un ahorro de USD $145.000 en los costos hospitalarios por año. Este análisis evidenció que en un servicio de salud representativo de Chile existe una dependencia de sustitutos óseos importados y autoinjertos que pueden ser suplidos de manera sustentable con un banco de tejido óseo basado en donaciones de cabezas femorales bajo la legislación vigente de la autoridad sanitaria chilena.
This research aimed to analyze the costs of bone grafting through a bone tissue bank in a Chilean regional health service. Methods: First, we developed a preliminary epidemiological study to obtain the necessary data for the analysis, specifically on bone graft procedures in a local health service (Servicio Salud Concepción). Next, we performed a budget impact analysis. Results: We analyzed a total of 6,252 cc of bone grafts, with a total cost of USD$156,000 per year. We found a potential recovering capacity of 302 ± 16 femoral heads per year from the total hip replacement procedures. Based on these results, bone tissue banks could save USD$145,000 hospital costs annually. Studying a representative health service from Chile, this analysis revealed a dependency on imported bone substitutes and autografts. These requirements can be supplied sustainably by a bone tissue bank based on donations of femoral heads under the current legislation of the Chilean health authority.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Bancos de Ossos , Orçamentos , Chile , Artroplastia de Quadril/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Abstract The increase in life expectancy of the world population has led to a concomitant increase in the prevalence of multiple myeloma (MM), a disease that usually affects the elderly population. Bone lesions are frequent in patients with this condition, demanding an early approach, from drug treatment, through radiotherapy to orthopedic surgery (prophylactic or therapeutic) with the objective of preventing or delaying the occurrence of fracture, or, when this event has already occurred, treat it through stabilization or replacement (lesions located in the appendicular skeleton) and/or promote stabilization and spinal cord decompression (lesions located in the axial skeleton), providing rapid pain relief, return to ambulation and resocialization, returning quality of life to patients. The aim of this review isto update the reader on the findings of pathophysiology, clinical, laboratory and imaging, differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach of multiple myeloma multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD).
Resumo O aumento da expectativa devida da população mundial levou a incremento concomitante na prevalência de mieloma múltiplo (MM), patologia que geralmente afeta a população idosa. Lesões ósseas são frequentes nos portadores desta condição, demandando abordagem precoce, desde o tratamento medicamentoso, passando pela radioterapia até a cirurgia ortopédica (profilática ou terapêutica) com os objetivos de prevenir ou retardar a ocorrência de fratura, ou, quando este evento já ocorreu, tratá-la mediante estabilização ou substituição (lesões situadas no esqueleto apendicular) e/ou promover estabilização e descompressão medular (lesões situadas no esqueleto axial), proporcionando rápido alívio da dor, retorno à deambulação e ressocialização, devolvendo a qualidade de vida aos pacientes. O objetivo desta revisão é atualizar o leitor sobre a fisiopatologia, a clínica, exames laboratoriais e de imagem, diagnóstico diferencial e abordagem terapêutica da doença óssea no mieloma múltiplo (DOMM).
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Humanos , Radioterapia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Difosfonatos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Profiláticos , Fraturas Espontâneas , Mieloma MúltiploRESUMO
Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of resident involvement on acute complication rates in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, 1,743 revision THAs were identified from 2008 to 2012; 949 of them involved a resident physician. Demographic information including gender and race, comorbidities including lung disease, heart disease and diabetes, operative time, length of stay, and acute postoperative complications within 30 days were analyzed. Results Resident involvement was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of acute complications. Total operative time demonstrated a statistically significant association with the involvement of a resident (161.35 minutes with resident present, 135.07 minutes without resident; p< 0.001). There was no evidence that resident involvement was associated with a longer hospital stay (5.61 days with resident present, 5.22 days without resident; p= 0.46). Conclusion Involvement of an orthopedic resident during revision THA does not appear to increase short-term postoperative complication rates, despite a significant increase in operative times.
Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a influência do envolvimento dos residentes nas taxas de complicações agudas na revisão da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ). Métodos Utilizando o banco de dados do American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP, na sigla em inglês), foram identificadas 1.743 revisões de ATQs entre 2008 e 2012; 949 delas envolveram um médico residente. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, incluindo gênero e raça, comorbidades, incluindo doenças pulmonares, doenças cardíacas e diabetes, tempo de permanência e complicações agudas pós-operatórias no prazo de 30 dias. Resultados O envolvimento dos residentes não foi associado a um aumento significativo no risco de complicações agudas. O tempo de operação total demonstrou associação estatisticamente significativa com o envolvimento de um residente (161,35 minutos com residente presente, 135,07 minutos sem residente; p< 0,001). Não houve evidência de que o envolvimento do residente tenha sido associado a um maior tempo de internação hospitalar (5,61 dias com residente presente, 5,22 dias sem residente; p= 0,46). Conclusão O envolvimento de um residente ortopédico durante a revisão da ATQ não parece aumentar as taxas de complicações pós-operatórias de curto prazo, apesar de um aumento significativo nos tempos operacionais.
Assuntos
Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Artroplastia de Quadril , Internato e ResidênciaRESUMO
Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of biplane osteotomy in the treatment of malunion of Stephens-Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 31 patients who had been treated by biplane osteotomy at Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University for malunion of Stephens-Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture from January 2019 to January 2022. There were 21 males and 10 females, with an age of (41.4±13.9) years and a duration from injury to diagnosis of (12.8±8.9) months. Functional and image scores were compared before surgery, 6 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up. Functional scores included the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the pain interference (PI) and physical function (PF) indices in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Image scores included the Gissane angle, B?hler's angle, calcaneal pitch angle, length of the calcaneus, absolute foot height, and axial calcaneal width as measured on X-rays.Results:The operation time was (106.6±29.9) minutes for this cohort. All the 31 patients were followed up for (18.4±5.8) months. At 6 months after surgery and the last follow-up, the VAS scores [3 (2, 3), 2 (1, 3)], AOFAS scores [83 (76, 87), 85 (83, 87)], PI scores [(57±9), (48±6)], PF scores [53 (39, 61), 56 (54, 66)], Gissane angles (109.6°±14.1°, 109.3°±14.9°), B?hler angles (26.5°±11.6°, 26.9°±11.8°), calcaneal pitch angles [19.1° (14.5°, 23.9°), 19.9° (14.5°, 23.9°)], absolute foot heights [(76.5±9.6) mm, (76.0±9.9) mm], and axial calcaneal widths [(38.5±4.1) mm, (38.3±4.1) mm] were all significantly improved compared to the preoperative values [5 (4, 6), 62 (56, 67), (62±6), 47 (38, 51), 126.8°±13.1°, 11.8°±10.9°, 13.8° (8.2°, 18.7°), (71.0±9.1) mm, (42.8±5.5) mm] (all P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the length of the calcaneus among pre-surgery, 6 months after surgery, and the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Biplane osteotomy is a surgical technique that demonstrates good clinical efficacy in the treatment of malunion of Stephens-Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture so that it should be promoted in clinic.
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Objective:To analyze the efficacy of posterior staged correction in the treatment of severe kyphoscoliosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 patients with severe kyphoscoliosis who underwent one-stage posterior Ponte osteotomy followed by Halo-femoral traction and two-stage posterior correction in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School between January 2010 and January 2020. There were 23 males and 38 females with an average age of 22.0(18.0, 25.5) years. The etiologies were idiopathic in 26 cases, congenital in 17 cases, neuromuscular in 16 cases and Marfan syndrome with kyphoscoliosis in 2 cases. The curves were thoracic in 49 cases, thoracolumbar in 3 cases and double major in 9 cases. The apical vertebrae were T 5 level in 1 case, T 7 level in 2 cases, T 8 level in 9 cases, T 9 level in 15 cases, T 10 level in 23 cases, T 11 level in 8 cases, T 12 level in 1 case, and L 1 level in 2 cases. The flexibility of main curve was 13.5%±8.6%. The Cobb angle of main curve, global kyphosis (GK), coronal trunk shift (CTS), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were assessed at pre-operation, post-traction, post-operation and the last follow-up. The quality of life was evaluated using the MOS item short form health survey (SF)-36 questionnaire, and the complications during peri-operation and long-term follow-up were recorded. Results:All 61 patients were followed up for 25.0 (24.0, 26.5) months. The Cobb angle of main curve and GK were 121.4°±13.9° and 86.8°±20.0° at pre-operation, 94.1°±18.7° and 66.9°±15.3° at post-traction, 78.5°±20.3° and 54.7°±13.6° at post-operation and 79.5°±20.1° and 53.2°±11.3° at the last follow-up, respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( F=210.54, P<0.001; F=93.74, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the last follow-up and post-operation ( P>0.05). There was no significant correction loss of SVA, TK, LL, PI, PT or SS at the last follow-up when compared with those at post-operation ( P>0.05). The CTS was 17.1±9.8 mm at pre-operation, 17.5±11.4 mm at post-operation, 11.1 (5.9, 23.3) mm at the last follow-up and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=6.70, P=0.035). The difference between the last follow-up and post-operation was statistically significant ( P=0.032). The scores of physical functioning 80.0 (75.0, 85.0), general health 82.0 (69.5, 87.0) and social functioning 75.0 (62.5, 75.0) in SF-36 at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those at pre-operation ( Z=-2.11, P=0.035; Z=-3.64, P<0.001; Z=-2.07, P=0.039). During the traction process, the complications included pin track infection in 1 case, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity in 2, misplacement of pedicle screws in 3, coronal decompensation at immediate post-operation in 2, sagittal decompensation at immediate post-operation in 1, and 1 patient had broken rod at 3 years follow-up, respectively. Conclusion:The posterior staged correction could provide satisfying radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with severe kyphoscoliosis, which could be well maintained during 2 years follow-up. Therefore, the posterior staged correction is a safe and effective treatment for severe kyphoscoliosis.
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Rigid spinal kyphosis deformity is typically characterized by a large kyphotic Cobb angle (≥70°) and a significant decrease of intervertebral flexibility (bending flexibility<30°), due to primary spinal disease, spinal trauma or other diseases. Severe kyphotic deformity leads to a poor posture and spinal cord or neurological impairment. Three-column osteotomy, including pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and its modified methods, is the only effective treatment for such patients. For example, asymmetrical PSO (APSO) could not only achieve successful realignment of spinal biplanar balance, but also realize complete closure of osteotomy gap, which is conducive to realize solid bony fusion and provide better stability. In partial pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PPSO), the remaining cortical shell of pedicle could decrease the risk of neural injury without significant loss of correction amount, so PPSO could be a viable surgical option for spinal deformity. Besides, modified partial pedicle subtraction osteotomy (MPPSO) is commonly used for post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis with an injured disc. The potential superiorities of MPPSO are that it not only increases regional stability by reserving the integrity of the lower facet joint, but also promotes direct interbody fusion in the upper disc space. For closing-opening wedge osteotomy (COWO), it could obtain more kyphotic corrections by closing posterior column and opening anterior column simultaneously. Modified closing-opening wedge osteotomy (MCOWO) is an ideal option in treating cases of thoracolumbar posttraumatic kyphosis with flat discs or wedge-shape vertebra, because great correction results were observed at follow-up with postero-superior triangular corner primarily resected. Although technically difficult and demanding, bone-disc-bone osteotomy (BDBO) is still a good option for achieving "bone-to-bone" closure of the osteotomy site to yield higher fusion rates and decrease the risk of pseudoarthrosis. A full understanding of the osteotomy range, correction effects and advantages for each type of modified PSO is essential for preoperative plans, optimal spinal sagittal reconstructions and excellent prognosis.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Ponte osteotomy combined with bony bridge dissection and intervertebral bone grafting in the treatment of rigid degenerative scoliosis.Methods:From March 2017 to October 2021, this method was used to treat 21 cases of rigid degenerative scoliosis, including 7 males and 14 females, aged 59-76 years, with an average age of 67.6 years. All patients had intractable low back pain and limited standing and walking, while 15 patients had radiation pain in lower limbs. The preoperative standing X-ray film showed that the average Cobb angle of lumbar scoliosis was 51.3°±24.1°, the average lumbar lordosis was 5.4°±13.6°. The coronal balance distance (CBD) was 4.3±2.0 cm (range, 0.5-6.2 cm), and the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) was 5.9±3.1 cm (range, 1.5-6.8 cm). The bending images showed huge osteophyte with bone bridge formation in the vertebral body of the apex region, with poor mobility. Ponte osteotomy was performed according to the degeneration of the deformity. The bone bridge at apex area was cut off, and the intervertebral spaces at apex area and slipped or subluxated levels were release and grafted with granular autogenous decompression bone. During follow-up, the efficacy and deformity improvement were evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and standing X-ray films.Results:All patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 190-330 min, with an average of 250±68 min. The intraoperative bleeding was 700-1600 ml, with an average of 970±260ml. The patients were followed up for 12-36 months, with an average of 20.6±7.2 months. No internal fixation failure, fracture or revision occurred. At the last follow-up, the VAS of low back pain decreased from preoperative 6.1±2.2 to 2.1±1.8 ( t=6.45, P<0.001), and the leg pain decreased from 5.5±3.4 to 1.2±1.0 ( t=5.56, P<0.001).ODI decreased from 52.2%±22.2% to 16.4%±10.6% ( t=6.67, P<0.001). The Cobb angle of lumbar scoliosis was 19.3°±10.5°, with an average correction rate of 62.4%; lumbar lordosis was 34.4°±15.6 °, with average correction of 30°. CBD was 1.9±1.1 cm, with an average correction of 2.4 cm ( t=4.42, P<0.001); and SVA was 1.6±2.1 cm, with an average correction of 4.3 cm ( t=4.90, P<0.001). Conclusion:Ponte osteotomy combined with bone bridge dissection and intervertebral bone grafting is an effective method to treat rigid degenerative scoliosis, which can improve spinal sequence, CBD and SVA, avoid vertebral osteotomy and reduce fusion segments.
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Objective:To investigate the imaging features and surgical strategies of late-onset spinal deformity after myelomeningocele (MMC) repair.Methods:A total of 23 patients with late-onset spinal deformity after MMC repair from January 2006 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 16 males and 7 females, aged 15.4±5.9 years (range, 6-28 years). All patients underwent MMC resection and repair in infancy (0-4 years). The complications of MMC, imaging characteristics of spinal deformity (Cobb angle of scoliosis, coronal balance, regional kyphosis), surgical methods, clinical outcomes and incidence of complications were analyzed. The Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate the quality of life.Results:All patients were followed up for 2.4±0.8 years (range, 1-4 years). Among 23 patients, MMC occurred in the upper thoracic segment in 3 cases, thoracic segment in 1 case, thoracolumbar segment in 13 cases, and lumbosacral segment in 6 cases. 16 patients had scoliosis or kyphosis with the apex of the spine in the same segment as the MMC lesion. Among 13 patients with MMC located in thoracolumbar segment, 12 patients had scoliosis and 9 patients had kyphosis. Among 6 patients with MMC located in lumbosacral segment, 3 patients had pelvic tilt. Vertebral deformities included widening of pedicle space in 21 cases, enlargement of spinal canal in 19 cases, absence of spinous process in 17 cases, malsegmentation in 17 cases, and hemivertebra deformity in 9 cases. Intramedullary lesions included split cord in 6 cases and tethered cord in 9 cases. The overall implant density was 57.2%±17% (range, 16.6%-100%). At the last follow-up, the Cobb angle of scoliosis was 40.9°±19.1°, which was significantly smaller than 71.5°±28.2° before operation ( P<0.001). The local kyphosis angle was 26.7°±12.9°, which was significantly lower than that before operation (40.4°±21.5°), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001).The coronal balance was 16.1±13.6 mm, which was smaller than that before operation 28.5± 23.7 mm, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The total score of SRS-22 was 18.7±0.7, which was higher than that before operation 17.7±0.9, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-9.74, P<0.001); ODI was 25.5%±6.2% after operation, which was significantly lower than that before operation (44.8%±10.1%), the difference was statistically significant ( t=13.66, P<0.001). Dural rupture occurred in 4 patients, including postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 cases; postoperative pleural effusion in 1 patient; and screw malposition in 2 patients. Three patients had broken rods and one had deep infection at final follow-up. Conclusion:About 70% of MMC patients who underwent resection and repair in early childhood developed late-onset spinal deformity in adulthood with the lesion at the parietal vertebrae. Posterior correction can obtain satisfactory clinical results. If the posterior element of the apical vertebral body is hypoplastic, the implant density can be increased by anterior vertebral screw, lamina hook fixation, and S 2 sacroiliac screw.
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RESUMO A reconstrução do terço distal da tíbia devido à ressecção de tumor maligno apresenta alguns fatores que dificultam sua realização, como camada subcutânea delgada, feixes neurovasculares que transpassam os compartimentos, tempo cirúrgico prolongado, material ortopédico específico e equipe multidisciplinar treinada. O aloenxerto de banco de tecido faz parte deste arsenal ortopédico. Objetivo: Descrever o protocolo realizado no Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Jamil Haddad. Métodos: Série de seis casos submetidos à ressecção com margens oncológicas, reconstrução com aloenxerto e uso de haste retrógrada de tornozelo como cirurgia preservadora do membro. Três dos seis pacientes eram do sexo feminino, as lesões tinham em média 9,3 cm de comprimento e o tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 3,25 horas. Resultados: A principal complicação de curto prazo (≤ 30 dias) foi a paralisia do nervo fibular, enquanto a principal complicação de longo prazo (> 30 dias) foi a infecção do sítio cirúrgico (dois casos). A consolidação dos dois focos ocorreu em três pacientes, e dois pacientes evoluíram para pseudoartrose assintomática do foco proximal com consolidação do foco distal. Conclusão: Apesar das complicações, a cirurgia proposta permite ao paciente a chance de preservar seu membro diante de uma cirurgia radical imediata. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.
ABSTRACT Reconstruction of the distal third of the tibia due to resection of a malignant tumor has some hindering factors, such as a thin subcutaneous layer, neurovascular bundles that cross compartments, prolonged operative duration, specific orthopedic material, and a trained multidisciplinary team. Allografting with material from tissue banks is part of this orthopaedic arsenal. Objective: To describe the protocol used at Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Jamil Haddad. Methods: Series of six cases subjected to resection with oncologic margins, allograft reconstruction, and use of a retrograde ankle nail as limb-salvage surgery. Three of the six patients were women, the lesions were on average 9.3 cm long, and the average operative duration was 3.25 hours. Results: The main short-term complication (≤ 30 days) was peroneal nerve palsy, while the main long-term complication (> 30 days) was surgical site infection (two cases). Consolidation of the two foci occurred in three patients, and two patients developed asymptomatic pseudoarthrosis of the proximal focus with consolidation of the distal focus. Conclusion: Despite the complications, the proposed surgery gives patients the chance to preserve their limb in the face of immediate radical surgery. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
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Abstract Background Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients may need hand surgery. Objective To develop a screening tool for rheumatologists to identify potential candidates with systemic sclerosis for hand surgery, optimizing referrals. Methods A pilot cross-sectional study from January 2015 to December 2016. Sample size: 51 participants. Inclusion criteria: ≥ 18 years old, meeting the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for SSc and hand impairment. Data collected: age, sex, race, disease duration, SSc subtypes, vasodilator use, skin thickness, finger stiffness, presence of Digital Ulcers (DU) and/or calcinosis, presence of Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) attacks, health status and disability, disease status, pain intensity and functional status of the hands. Data were analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Fulfillment of surgical criteria: 68.8%. The surgical group had higher scores on the HAQ-DI (1.39 vs. 0.96, p =0.032) and CHFS (25.0 vs. 12.0, p =0.005) questionnaires, and a higher frequency of DU (91.43% vs. 18.75%, p <0.0010), calcinosis (60.0% vs. 0.0%, p <0.001), use of vasodilators (100.0% vs. 75.0%, p =0.007) and digital stiffness (28.57% vs. 0.0%, p =0.017). The presence of DU increased the chance of surgical indication by 46.2 times (ORIC 95% = 8.23 to 259.49). The statistical model showed good accuracy (86.3%, p <0.001), sensitivity (91.4%), and specificity (81.2%). Conclusion The presence of DU in SSc could be used as a screening feature for early identification and referral of potential candidates for hand surgery.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The genu recurvatum is characterized by a hyperextension deformity of the knee in the sagittal plane. Among its causes are conditions such as arthrogryposis, cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, sequelae of tibial tuberosity fracture and some syndromes with generalized joint hypermobility. Treatment of this deformity can be challenging and, to date, aggressive methods such as femur or tibial osteotomies are the most used for its correction. Objective: This study aimed to describe a new surgical technique for correcting genu recurvatum. Methods: This is a prospective clinical study of children who underwent posterior hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal femur with transphyseal screws. Results: The approach proved to be safe and useful for genu recurvatum deformities, with femoral or articular apex. Conclusion: This approach shows great potential for correcting genu recurvatum in the developing skeleton, being an excellent alternative to the more aggressive methods currently used to treat this deformity. Level of evidence IV, Case Series.
RESUMO Introdução: O joelho recurvato é caracterizado por uma deformidade em hiperextensão do joelho no plano sagital. Entre suas causas, estão condições como artrogripose, paralisia cerebral, poliomielite, sequelas de fratura da tuberosidade da tíbia e algumas síndromes com hipermobilidade articular generalizada. O tratamento dessa deformidade pode ser desafiador e, até o momento, métodos agressivos como osteotomias do fêmur ou da tíbia são os mais utilizados para sua correção. Objetivo: Descrever uma nova técnica cirúrgica de correção do genu recurvatum. Métodos: Estudo clínico prospectivo de crianças submetidas à hemiepifisiodese posterior do fêmur distal com parafusos transfisários. Resultados: A técnica se mostrou segura e útil para as deformidades em recurvato do joelho, com ápice femoral ou articular. Conclusão: Essa técnica apresenta grande potencial de correção do joelho recurvato no esqueleto imaturo, sendo uma excelente alternativa aos métodos mais agressivos atualmente utilizados para o tratamento dessa deformidade. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos
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La restauración de la función del miembro superior en los pacientes que sufren lesiones del plexo braquial para favorecer la mejoría en su calidad de vida. Así como su reinserción social y laboral, se puede optimizar mediante la implementación de programas de recuperación intensificada o mejorada, multimodales, multidisciplinarios, y de elevados estándares cualitativos, denominados protocolos ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery), se recomienda la utilización de métodos fundamentados en la mejor evidencia científica disponible. El protocolo que se expone, aplicado en el Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional "Frank Paísˮ, derivado de una investigación institucional en curso. Objetivos: Contribuir en el desarrollo del conocimiento científico imprescindible para favorecer la introducción y sistematización de los cuidados perioperatorios multimodales durante las intervenciones quirúrgicas del plexo braquial.
Introduction: Restoration of upper limb function in patients suffering from brachial plexus injuries, in view of favoring improvement in their quality of life or their social and labor reinsertion, can be optimized by means of implementing multimodal, multidisciplinary, intensified or enhanced recovery programs with high qualitative standards, called ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) protocols. The use of methods based on the best available scientific evidence is recommended. The protocol presented here is applied at Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional "Frank Paísˮ and derived from an ongoing institutional research. Objective: To contribute to the development of scientific knowledge essential to favor the introduction and systematization of multimodal perioperative care during brachial plexus surgical interventions.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluating clinical factors associated with mortality in older patients who underwent surgical correction of hip fractures. Methods: This observational and retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 67 patients (aged older than 60 years), both men and women, who underwent surgical correction of hip fractures from 2019 to 2020 at Hospital São Paulo. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, presence of comorbidities, affected hip region, and trauma mechanism. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients was 78.12 ± 9.80 years and 80.6% of the sample were women. The prevalence of hip fractures on the right side (52.2%), in the transtrochanteric region (53.7%), and due to fall on the same level (88.1%) was higher. Systemic arterial hypertension (77.6%), diabetes mellitus (37.3%), and dementia (16.4%) were frequent comorbidities. The prevalence of death after fracture was 17.9% and it was associated with longer hospital stay after surgery (p = 0.028). Conclusion: The prevalence of mortality of patients with hip fractures who underwent surgery was 17.9%. A longer hospital stay due to pre-existing comorbidities was the main factor related to this outcome. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores clínicos associados à mortalidade em pacientes idosos submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico para correção de fraturas do quadril. Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo de análise de prontuários de 67 pacientes (idade superior a 60 anos). Foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os sexos, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico para correção de fraturas do quadril, entre 2019 e 2020, no Hospital São Paulo. Foram analisadas as variáveis: idade, sexo, presença de comorbidades, região do quadril acometido e mecanismo de trauma. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo software SPSS. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 78,12 ± 9,80 anos, e 80,6% da amostra era constituída por mulheres. Houve maior prevalência de fraturas do quadril no lado direito (52,2%), na região transtrocantérica (53,7%) e causada por queda sem desnível (88,1%). Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (77,6%), diabetes mellitus (37,3%) e demência (16,4%) foram frequentes. A prevalência de óbito após a fratura foi de 17,9%, sendo associada a maior tempo de internação hospitalar após a cirurgia (p = 0,028). Conclusão: A prevalência de mortalidade dos pacientes com fratura do quadril submetidos à cirurgia foi de 17,9%. O tempo prolongando de internação hospitalar por comorbidades pré-existentes foi o principal fator relacionado a este desfecho. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Retrospectivo.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The spinous process separation technique is a less invasive surgical technique for treating lumbar canal stenosis. The objective is to evaluate this technique's results in treating lumbar canal stenosis. Method: Thirty patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis underwent surgical treatment using the spinous process separation technique and were evaluated in the 3-year postoperative period using the Denis Pain and Work Scale and by the SF-36 questionnaire and radiographic evaluation of the operated segment. Results: In the evaluation of the Denis pain scale, 21 (70%) patients had no pain (P1), and nine (30%) patients reported minimal low back pain, not needing medication (P2). Denis' work schedule showed that nine (30%) patients had restrictions on returning to their previous work activity (W2), and 21 (70%) patients were classified as W1. The SF-36 questionnaire showed results of 81.25 for physical aspects (PA), 81.9 for functional capacity (FC), 81.3 for emotional aspects (EA), 64.3 for vitality (V), 65.9 for mental health (MH), 81.98 for social aspects (SA), 75.6 for pain (P) and 68.1 for general health status (GHS). In addition, there were no radiographic signs of instability of the operated vertebral segment in the radiographic evaluation. Conclusion: The decompression of the lumbar spinal canal using the spinous process separation technique showed good results in the evaluated patients three years after the operation. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Comparative Study.
Resumo: Objetivo: A técnica de separação do processo espinhoso é uma técnica cirúrgica menos invasiva para o tratamento da estenose do canal lombar. O objetivo é avaliar os resultados dessa técnica no tratamento da estenose do canal lombar. Método: Trinta pacientes portadores de estenose do canal vertebral lombar foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico por meio da técnica da separação do processo espinhoso, tendo sido avaliados no período de três anos de pós-operatório, por meio da escala de dor e de trabalho de Denis, pelo questionário SF-36 e avaliação radiográfica do segmento operado. Resultados: Na avaliação da escala de dor de Denis, 21 (70%) pacientes não apresentavam dor (P1) e nove (30%) pacientes relataram dor mínima lombar, não necessitando medicação (P2). A escala de trabalho de Denis evidenciou que nove (30%) pacientes apresentavam restrições ao retorno à atividade prévia de trabalho (W2) e 21 (70%) pacientes foram classificados como W1. O questionário SF-36 apresentou resultados 81,25 para aspectos físicos (AF), 81,9 para capacidade funcional (CF), 81,3 para aspectos emocionais (AE), 64,3 para vitalidade(V), 65,9 para saúde mental (SM), 81,98 para aspectos sociais (AS), 75,6 para dor (D) e 68,1 para estado geral de saúde (EGS). Não foram observados sinais radiográficos de instabilidade do segmento vertebral operado na avaliação radiográfica. Conclusão: A descompressão do canal vertebral lombar por meio da técnica de separação do processo espinhoso apresentou bons resultados na avaliação num período de três anos de pós-operatório dos pacientes avaliados. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo.
Resumen: Objetivo: La técnica de separación de la apófisis espinosa es una técnica quirúrgica menos invasiva para el tratamiento de la estenosis del canal lumbar. El objetivo es evaluar los resultados de esta técnica en el tratamiento de la estenosis del canal lumbar. Método: Treinta pacientes con estenosis del conducto raquídeo lumbar fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante la técnica de separación de la apófisis espinosa, y fueron evaluados en el postoperatorio de tres años mediante la Escala de Dolor y Trabajo de Denis, mediante el cuestionario SF-36 y evaluación radiográfica del segmento operado. Resultados: En la evaluación de la escala de dolor de Denis, 21 (70%) pacientes no presentaron dolor (P1) y nueve (30%) pacientes refirieron dolor lumbar mínimo, sin necesidad de medicación (P2). La escala de trabajo de Denis mostró que nueve (30%) pacientes tenían restricciones para regresar a su actividad laboral anterior (W2) y 21 (70%) pacientes fueron clasificados como W1. El cuestionario SF-36 arrojó resultados 81,25 para aspectos físicos (AF), 81,9 para capacidad funcional (CF), 81,3 para aspectos emocionales (AE), 64,3 para vitalidad (V), 65,9 para salud mental (SM), 81,98 para aspectos sociales (AS), 75,6 para dolor (D) y 68,1 para estado general de salud (EGS). No hubo signos radiográficos de inestabilidad del segmento vertebral intervenido en la evaluación radiográfica. Conclusión: La descompresión del canal espinal lumbar mediante la técnica de separación de apófisis espinosa mostró buenos resultados en la evaluación de un período de 3 años después de la operación de los pacientes evaluados.