Analysis of Spectral Domain - Optical Coherence Tomography and Fundus Autofluorescence in Typical Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: To study fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics in patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and correlate them to visual acuity. Design: Retrospective observational case series. Methods: 110 eyes of 56 RP patients were included. FAF and SD-OCT imaging were done for all eyes. Extent of the autofluorescence ring, central foveal thickness, photoreceptor outer-segment length (PROS), foveal outer segment pigment epithelial thickness (FOSPET), and inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) extent were defined and measured and correlated to logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using linear regression. Results: Study included 110 eyes of 56 patients (34 male and 22 female). Mean BCVA was 0.33 logMAR with no difference between genders. The mean age of patients was 15.4 ± 15.1 years. Mean autofluorescence extent was 3590 ± 1994 μm horizontally, and 2880 ± 1836 μm vertically. These values were significantly correlated with preserved IS/OS junction extent (mean values horizontally = 2865 μm and vertically = 2464 μm). Mean central retinal thickness (218.74 μm) and PROS (44.85 μm) were significantly correlated to BCVA with correlation coefficient r = –0.189, P = 0.015; and r = –0.874, P = 0.0001, respectively. FOSPET (mean = 71.15 μm) did not show a significant correlation with BCVA, independent of PROS. Conclusions: Retinal microstructural changes as studied on SD-OCT, especially PROS length can be used as a surrogate marker to monitor degenerative diseases such as RP. Further, studies are required to clearly delineate the microstructuralfunctional relationship in the human retina.

Morphometric analysis of fovea with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and visual outcome postsurgery for retinal detachment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to correlate the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) fi ndings in fovea involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirty eyes with preoperative fovea-involving RRD, who underwent scleral buckling (SB) (6 eyes) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (19 eyes) and combined SB and PPV (5 eyes) were recruited. Patients underwent clinical examination and SD-OCT scan of fovea preoperatively and at 30 days and 90 days postoperatively. The correlations between SD-OCT fi ndings and BCVA were analyzed. Results: Inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction integrity was the indicator of bett er BCVA at 30 days and 90 days (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0003, respectively) whereas outer retinal corrugation (ORC) was related to worse BCVA at 30 days and 90 days (P = 0.001). External limiting membrane did not have a co-relation with visual outcome, but cystoid macular edema showed co-relation at 90 days (P = 0.047). All eyes of SB and 3 eyes of PPV had a minimal subfoveal fl uid at 30 days follow-up that had no eff ect on visual acuity. All retinas were att ached at fi nal follow-up. Conclusion: IS/OS junction integrity and ORC may be important predictors of postoperative visual outcome after anatomically successful RRD surgery.

Use of Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Visual Acuity and Visual Field Changes in Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is a viral disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes and affects humans. In rare cases, dengue fever can cause visual impairment, which usually occurs within 1 month after contracting dengue fever and ranges from mild blurring of vision to severe blindness. Visual impairment due to dengue fever can be detected through angiography, retinography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, electroretinography, event electroencephalography (visually evoked potentials), and visual field analysis. The purpose of this study is to report changes in the eye captured using fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green, and OCT in 3 cases of dengue fever visual impairment associated with consistent visual symptoms and similar retinochoroidopathic changes. The OCT results of the three patients with dengue fever showed thinning of the outer retinal layer and disruption of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction. While thinning of the retina outer layer is an irreversible process, disruption of IS/OS junction is reported to be reversible. Follow-up examination of individuals with dengue fever and associated visual impairment should involve the use of OCT to evaluate visual acuity and visual field changes in patients with acute choroidal ischemia.

Use of Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Visual Acuity and Visual Field Changes in Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is a viral disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes and affects humans. In rare cases, dengue fever can cause visual impairment, which usually occurs within 1 month after contracting dengue fever and ranges from mild blurring of vision to severe blindness. Visual impairment due to dengue fever can be detected through angiography, retinography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, electroretinography, event electroencephalography (visually evoked potentials), and visual field analysis. The purpose of this study is to report changes in the eye captured using fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green, and OCT in 3 cases of dengue fever visual impairment associated with consistent visual symptoms and similar retinochoroidopathic changes. The OCT results of the three patients with dengue fever showed thinning of the outer retinal layer and disruption of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction. While thinning of the retina outer layer is an irreversible process, disruption of IS/OS junction is reported to be reversible. Follow-up examination of individuals with dengue fever and associated visual impairment should involve the use of OCT to evaluate visual acuity and visual field changes in patients with acute choroidal ischemia.

Spectralis optical coherence tomography findings in Welder's maculopathy.

Welder's maculopathy is a form of photochemical damage to the retina and is typically characterized by involvement of the outer retinal layers. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging was performed in three eyes of two patients with clinical findings suggestive of Welder's maculopathy in occupational welders. A faceted foveal lesion characterized clinical examination and the SD-OCT line scans images showed a distinct discontinuity of the photoreceptor inner and outer segment (IS/OS) junction. The external limiting membrane (ELM) and the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer remained intact at the site of IS/OS defect. SD-OCT imaging offers a noninvasive way of evaluating the microstructural changes at the fovea in Welder's maculopathy.

Surgical Outcome According to Morphology in Epiretinal Membrane Based on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of morphologic classification based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) on epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 77 eyes with ERM treated by vitrectomy with ERM peeling. By using OCT, the preoperative ERM was classified into four types: diffuse (DIF), cystoids macular edema (CME), pseudolamellar hole (PLH), and vitreomacular traction (VMT). The postoperative changes of central macular thickness (CMT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared. RESULTS: Approximately six months postoperatively, the DIF type had the best BCVA for both idiopathic and secondary ERM, followed by the PLH, CME, and VMT types. On the other hand, regarding the mean BCVA improvement, the VMT type was the best, followed by the DIF, PLH, and CME types. When comparing the difference in BCVA improvement by each type, idiopathic ERM showed a clearer distinction when the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction was not disrupted. CONCLUSIONS: BCVA improvement was significantly different depending on the morphologic classification of ERM by using OCT. Especially in cases of ERM with an intact IS/OS junction, the morphologic classification can help predict surgical outcomes.