Desafios do Brincar com Idosos: Narrativas de Estudantes de Medicina do Programa Amigos do Sorriso / Challenges of Playing with the Elderly: Medicine Students Narratives of the Amigos do Sorriso Program

Resumo: Introdução: O programa de extensão Amigos do Sorriso foi construído a partir da compreensão da extensão universitária como integrante da formação dos estudantes, ao proporcionar vivências e trocas na aproximação entre a academia e a sociedade em geral. Os participantes são estudantes da área da saúde e desenvolvem atividades lúdicas com foco no processo de humanização, na educação em saúde e nos seus efeitos multiplicadores. Desde 2010, o programa realiza atividades quinzenais numa instituição de longa permanência para idosos (Ilpi), com o objetivo de oportunizar momentos lúdicos, com estratégias criativas e comunicativas, no sentido de ressignificar a velhice por meio do brincar. Este artigo tem como objetivos descrever as vivências e compreender quais foram os aprendizados desenvolvidos pelos estudantes de Medicina nesse âmbito. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de 13 narrativas redigidas entre 2018 e 2019 por estudantes de Medicina que participaram das atividades lúdicas na Ilpi. Realizou-se análise temática de conteúdo dos materiais em diálogo com os referenciais teóricos e a literatura relacionada. Resultados: As três categorias temáticas foram: o brincar com o idoso, construção artesanal da comunicação e partilha entre gerações sobre o envelhecer. Os extensionistas discutiram as diversas formas do brincar, sua relação com a promoção da saúde e as especificidades de desenvolver atividades lúdicas com o idoso. Utilizaram diversas formas de comunicação para interação com os idosos, conversando, ouvindo e contando histórias e respeitando os silêncios, o que provocou encontros e desencontros, todos disparados pelo brincar. Discutiram sobre o processo de envelhecimento, a saúde do idoso, a velhice asilar e o próprio encontro de gerações por meio do qual puderam refletir sobre si mesmos. Conclusões: As atividades na Ilpi proporcionaram aos estudantes a percepção da potência das estratégias lúdicas, promotoras da autonomia e saúde, sem infantilização dos idosos. Possibilitaram o reconhecimento de estratégias para aproximação e vínculo, respeitando limites individuais e coletivos, ao compartilharem histórias e sentimentos de forma empática. Dessa forma, destaca-se o desenvolvimento de competências para o futuro médico, tanto gerais como para o cuidado com as pessoas idosas, no reconhecimento de que todos estão envolvidos no universo do florescer do envelhecimento.

Abstract: Introduction: The community outreach program Amigos do Sorriso (Friends of Smiling) is based on the understanding that community outreach programs are part of academic training because they provide experiences that result in exchanges between the students and the society. The participants are undergraduate students from the healthcare field, who develop ludic activities focusing on humanization, health education and the resulting multiplying effects. Since 2010, fortnightly activities have been conducted at an old people's home with the aim of offering playful experiences involving creative and communicative strategies, in order to give new meaning to old age through playing. The objective of this article is to describe these experiences and understand what the medicine students have learned from them. Methods: this article presents a qualitative study, based on 13 narratives written between 2018 and 2019 by undergraduate medicine students who were involved in activities at the old people's home. The content was analyzed from a thematic perspective and correlated to the theoretical framework. Results: Three thematic categories were identified: playing with the elderly, handcrafted construction of communication and sharing between generations about aging. The participants discussed the different forms of play, its relations with health promotion and the specific characteristics of developing Ludic activities with the elderly. Through play they were also able to explore various forms of communication: talking, listening, sharing stories, and respecting the moments of silence, that led to agreement and disagreement. Finally, they discussed the aging process, elderly heath, elderly people in care and the contact itself between generations, allowing the students to reflect on themselves. Conclusions: The activities in the old people's home enabled the students to appreciate the potential that strategies of play offer in terms of promoting autonomy and health, without infantilizing the elderly. It allowed them to identify strategies to form closer relationships and ties with the elderly subjects, respecting individual and collective boundaries when sharing stories and feelings with empathy. Hence the highlight of the program was the development of skills, both general and specific for elderly care, among future medics, recognizing that the aging is a process that involves us all.

O caso ação rua: intervenções com crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias / The ação rua case: interventions with children, adolescents and their families

A intervenção para o enfrentamento à situação de rua de crianças e adolescentes é discutida a partir de estudo de avaliação do Serviço Ação Rua. Utiliza-se delineamento qualitativo de Estudo de Caso Único com Unidades de Análise Incorporadas, envolvendo inserção ecológica, análise documental e grupos focais com Adolescentes, Famílias, Trabalhadores Sociais e Gestores vinculados ao Serviço. O estudo se refere aos seus três primeiros anos (2007-2009), entre implantação e execução. Os resultados, com base na Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, indicam que o Serviço se constituiu em microssistema direto, ampliou o número e a qualidade dos microssistemas do público atendido. A regularidade e a reciprocidade afetiva destacaram-se nos processos proximais estabelecidos, percebidos como apoio social formal e informal. A presença constante nos espaços de vida do público atendido cria estabilidade presencial que se contrapõe à imprevisibilidade da rua, e ultrapassa os limites tradicionalmente esperados para a abordagem social de rua. Destaca-se a importância da pessoa do trabalhador social para o desenvolvimento da intervenção. As lições aprendidas do Caso Ação Rua são relevantes para refletir sobre intervenções dirigidas à abordagem social de rua e programas de apoio sociofamiliar em diferentes contextos. Limitações e propostas de estudos futuros são apresentadas.

Intervention with children and adolescents in street situation are discussed through the Ação Rua Case evaluation study. A Single Case Study with Embedded Analysis Units was used by means of ecological insertion, documentary analysis and focus groups with Adolescents, Families, Social Workers and Managers connected to the Service. The present study considers the three first years (2007-2009) of the case study, considering implementation and execution. Results, based on Bioecological Theory of Human Development, indicate that the Service comprised a direct microsystem, and increased the number and quality of the microsystems of the public served. Regularity and affective reciprocity were highlighted as elements of the proximal processes established, also perceived as formal/informal social support. The Service constant presence in the living spaces of the attended public created a face-to-face stability that contrasted to the unpredictability of the street situation, and went beyond the traditional limits of the street outreach approach. The importance of the social worker for the development of the intervention is emphasized. The lessons learned from the Ação Rua Case are relevant to examine on interventions aimed at the street outreach approach and socio-family support programs in different contexts. Limitations and suggestions for future studies are presented.

Coordenação motora de escolares do ensino fundamental: influência de um programa de intervenção / Motor coordination of students of education fundamental: influence of an intervention of program

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da criança é um processo contínuo, dinâmico e não linear, no qual o movimento configura uma das necessidades vitais do ser humano. Este estudo quase-experimental teve por objetivo analisar a magnitude da mudança no nível coordenativo de 43 escolares com idade entre 6 e 7 anos, de ambos os sexos, submetidos a dois distintos programas de intervenção de atividades físicas, separados em grupo experimental (GE) e grupo controle (GC). Para avaliar a coordenação motora utilizou-se o Körperkoordinationstest Test Für Kinder (KTK). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística aplicando-se os testes de normalidade e t - student (para amostras independentes e para amostras pareadas). Os resultados indicaram que, no geral, os meninos obtiveram escores médios superiores aos das meninas, e, houve um decréscimo nos níveis de coordenação em escolares com idade mais avançada. Além disso, constatou-se que o GE obteve índices mais elevados que o GC.

ABSTRACT Child development is a continuous process, dynamic and non-linear, in which the movement sets up one of the vital needs of the human being. This quasi-experimental study aimed to analyze the magnitude of change in the coordinative level of 43 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years, of both sexes, subject to two distinct physical activity intervention programs, separated in the experimental group (GE) and control group (GC). To evaluate the motor control using the Körperkoordinationstest Test Für Kinder (KTK). The data were subjected to statistical analysis by applying the tests of normality and t-student (for independent samples and for paired samples). The results indicated that, in General, boys obtained average scores above those of girls, and there was a decrease in the levels of coordination in schools with older age. In addition, it was noted that the GE obtained higher that the GC.

Utilization of oral health care services among adults attending community outreach programs.

Introduction: Good oral health is a mirror of overall health and well-being. Oral health is determined by diet, oral hygiene practices, and the pattern of dental visits. Poor oral health has significant social and economic consequences. Outreach programs conducted by dental schools offer an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment, dental health education, and institution of preventive measures. Objective: To assess the utilization of oral healthcare services among adults attending outreach programs. Materials and Methods: This study included 246 adults aged 18-55 years attending community outreach programs in and around Bangalore. Using a questionnaire we collected data on dental visits, perceived oral health status, reasons for seeking care, and barriers in seeking care. Statistical significance was assessed using the Chi-square test. Results: In this sample, 28% had visited the dentist in the last 12 months. Males visited dentist more frequently than females. The main reason for a dental visit was for tooth extraction (11%), followed by restorative and endodontic treatment 6%. The main barriers to utilization of dental services were high cost (22%), inability to take time off from child care duties (19.5%), and fear of the dentist or dental tools (8.5%). Conclusion: The utilization of dental services in this population was poor. The majority of the dental visits were for treatment of acute symptoms rather than for preventive care. High cost was the main barrier to the utilization of dental services. Policies and programs should focus on these factors to decrease the burden of oral diseases and to improve quality of life among the socioeconomically disadvantaged.

Increasing the prosthodontic awareness of an aging Indian rural population.

Objective: The aged are prone to biological, social, and psychological problems, especially those residing in the rural areas. The rural aging population in contrast to their urban counterparts is illiterate, poor, and ignorant; cumulative is the fact that the youth are leaving rural areas for money and better opportunity to urban areas. An educational and motivational program to increase prosthodontic awareness was therefore undertaken and it was studied whether this translated into an increased demand for prosthodontic services. Materials and Methods: The study area consisted of a group of six villages collectively known as "Sarora" situated in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study population was divided on the basis of age, sex, education, and economic status and comparisons were made in between these groups. Interview and clinical examination were the tools of the study. Data were collected before and after the educational program and was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The educational program led to more subjects adopting tooth brushing and neem twig chewing as a method of oral hygiene maintenance. The prosthodontic need fulfillment increased from 3.5% before the program to 13.6% after education and motivation. Conclusion: It was concluded that mobile dental clinics, dental camps, and prosthodontic outreach programs could be solutions to spread awareness and disseminate treatment.