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As an industrial chemical， bisphenol A is widely used in various food packaging materials. However， it is an endocrine disrupting chemical， which has estrogen activity and can cause certain damage to humans. So far， there are few studies on the detection of bisphenol A in self-heating food packaging materials， and there remains a lack of relevant standard. Therefore， it is necessary to establish a simple， sensitive and efficient method for the detection of bisphenol A in self-heating food. This study briefly introduces the pretreatment methods of bisphenol A， such as ultrasonic extraction， solid phase extraction， accelerated solvent extraction， and detection methods， such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry， high performance liquid chromatography， fluorescent detection， and electrochemical detection.
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Objective To explore the application of Wagner sterilization case to packaging of special surgical instruments.Methods Totally 108 sets of special surgical instruments were randomly divided into a group with Wagner sterilization case (abbreviated as Wagner group) and a group with double-layer cotton cloth (abbreviated as cotton group).Statistical analyses were executed on packaging,qualification rate for sterilization,efficiency-cost ratio.Results The two groups had the qualification rates of pressuresteam sterilization being 100％,and 156 surgeons and operating nurses had the satisfaction degrees over double-layer cotton cloth and Wagner sterilization case being 70.51％ and 94.87％ respectively.Wagner sterilization case gained advantages over the cotton cloth in user satisfaction and cost,and the difference between the costs was significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Wagner sterilization case can decrease the risks for hospital infection effectively.
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Objective To explore the application of Wagner sterilization case to packaging of special surgical instruments.Methods Totally 108 sets of special surgical instruments were randomly divided into a group with Wagner sterilization case (abbreviated as Wagner group) and a group with double-layer cotton cloth (abbreviated as cotton group).Statistical analyses were executed on packaging,qualification rate for sterilization,efficiency-cost ratio.Results The two groups had the qualification rates of pressuresteam sterilization being 100％,and 156 surgeons and operating nurses had the satisfaction degrees over double-layer cotton cloth and Wagner sterilization case being 70.51％ and 94.87％ respectively.Wagner sterilization case gained advantages over the cotton cloth in user satisfaction and cost,and the difference between the costs was significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Wagner sterilization case can decrease the risks for hospital infection effectively.
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Objective:To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride /polyvinylidene chloride by HS-GC.Methods: A Stabilwax (30.0 m ×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) capillary column and an FID detector were adopted .The headspace equivalent temperature was 80℃for 30 min and the col-umn temperature was 40℃.The inlet temperature was 190℃and the detector temperature was 210℃.N2 was used as the carrier gas . The flow rate was 1.0 ml · min-1 .Results: Vinyl chloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 0.5-2.5 μg ( r =0.996 7), and the average recovery was 90.4%(RSD=0.9%, n=9).Vinylidenechloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 1.0-5.0 μg (r=0.999 0), and the average recovery was 90.0%(RSD=0.6%, n=9).Conclusion: The method is fast and accurate in the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride .
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a microwave extraction-HPLC method for determination of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 330, antioxidant 1076, and antioxidant 168 in plastic infusion packaging materials and containers, and investigate the migration of the antioxidants from the materials to the injection. METHODS: Taking the contents of antioxidants as indices, the best extraction condition was determined with or thogonal experiments and statistical analysis. The separation of antioxidants was performed on a Sunfire-C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column at 40℃, and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and water (6∶3∶1) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL·min-1, and the injection volume was 20 μL. RESULTS: The optimized extraction process was extracting 2 g of sample at 100℃ for 30 min. The calibration curves of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 330, antioxidant 1076, and antioxidant 168 were linear over the concentration range from 0.004 to 0.5 mg·mL-1 (r=0.999 9) and the average recoveries of the antioxidants ranged from 96.8% to 103.7% (RSD<2%, n=9). CONCLUSION: This method is convenient, sensitive, and reliable and it can be used for the determination of antioxidants in plastic infusion materials and their migration to the injection.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the security, convenience and price of the package of basic infusions in different regions, different economic conditions and different natural environment in medical institutions at all levels in our country.
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Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence (NACE) method was developed for the determination of five phenolic environmental estrogens including bisphenol A (BPA),4-nonylphenol(4-NP) ,4-tert-octylphenol(4-tOP),4-tert-butylphenol(4-tBP) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) in food packaging material. Target compounds in soaking solution of food packaging material samples were separated by NACE-CL after derivatization with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride ( DIB-Cl) ,reacted with per-oxyoxalate chemiluminescence system,and then detected through magnifying light signal with photomultiplier. With 17β-E_2 as internal standard,qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target compounds were performed by relative migration time and the ratio of relative chemiluminescence intensity,respectively. Several influence factors on separation with NACE,such as the composition and proportion of organic solvent,the concentration of electrolyte,temperature surrounding of the capillary,the concentration of acetic acid and work voltage,were investigated. And the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system was optimized. Under these conditions,4-tBP,BPA,4-OP,4-NP and TBBPA were all separated and showed good linearities in the ranges of 0.0095-3.0 mg/L,0.0087-3.0 mg/L,0.0085 -3.0 mg/L,0.011 -3.0 mg/L,0.009-3.0 mg/L,respectively,with correlation coefficients over 0. 9947. The RSDs of relative migration time and relative chemiluminescence intensity ratio were 0.9% -3.0% and 6.5% - 8.6%. Recoveries for the spiked samples ranged from 86.7% to 98. 8%. Five common food packaging material samples were analyzed. The proposed method is simple and sensitive for the quantitative determination of phenolic environmental estrogens in food packaging material samples.
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OBJECTIVE To reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection by standardized packaging material and model. METHODS The packaging material and model were selected according to the different sterilizations.And the qualfication rate of sterilization and warranty period of standardized instruments were detected regularly. RESULTS The quality of sterilizations was effectively guaranteed by conducting control measures. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection rate is effectively prevented by standardized packaging material and model.