Antibacterial Effect of Shenju Lotion in Vitro / 医药导报

Objective To study the antibacterial effect of Shenju lotion in vitro. Methods The diameter of inhibition zone was determined by paper-disc agar-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration ( MBC ) was determined by culture medium dilution methodand agar medium plate method, respectively. Antibacterial effect was compared between Shenju lotion and city sale of the gynecological lotion. Results Inhibitory effects of Shenju lotion on 5 pathogenic strains were significantly better than that of city sale of the gynecological lotion at the same concentrations (P<0. 05). MIC of Shenju lotion on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans was 33. 75, 67. 5, 67. 5, 67. 5 and 33. 75 mg ·mL-1 , respectively. MBC of Shenju lotion on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans was 33. 75, 67. 5, 67. 5, 135 and 33. 75 mg ·mL-1 , respectively. Conclusion Shenju lotion has obvious bacteriostasis and sterilization effect.

Antibacterial Activity of Phytoalexins from Infected Theobroma cacao L.

Aims: To study the antimicrobial activities of the compounds produced due to reactions of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) with Phytophthora palmivora during infection. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria and the Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria between September, 2009 and July, 2011. Methodology: Phytophthora palmivora was used to infect healthy cocoa pods. The phytoalexins were extracted using solvent extraction and purified using standard methods. Agar diffusion and paper disc methods were used to study the antibacterial activities of the compounds extracted. Results: Two major compounds were subsequently isolated, purified and characterized as FC-3- B21 and FC-4-B22 using the 1HNMR and 13CNMR as well as the 2D cosy data. Compound FC-3-B21 was characterized as 7,8,9,-trihydroxy-2,8-dihydroxy naphtha-10-one while FC-4-B22 was characterized as ester of glycerol: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, were all sensitive to 7,8,9,-trihydroxy-2,8- dihydroxy naphtha-10-one even at 20 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the least sensitivity with 2.0 mm zone of inhibition at 20 mg/ml and 12 mm at 100 mg/ml while B. subtilis was the most sensitive with zone of inhibition of 4.0 mm at 20 mg/ml and 21.0 mm at 100 mg/ml. With FC-4-B22 (ester of glycerol) using paper disc method, P. aeruginosa was the most resistant with no zone of inhibition at 20 mg/ml. Meanwhile, S. aureus was the most sensitive with zone of inhibition of 3.0 mm at 20 mg/ml. However, B. subtilis exhibited a zone of 15.0 mm at 100 mg/ml. Using the agar diffusion method, 7,8,9,-trihydroxy-2,8-dihydroxy naphtha-10-one showed an appreciable effect on the tested pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the least sensitive with the zone of inhibition of 3.0 mm at 20 mg/ml and 8.0 mm at 100 mg/ml while S. aureus was the most sensitive to the extract at 20 mg/ml with the zone of inhibition of 6.0 mm at 100 mg/ml. Bacillus subtilis was most sensitive to the extract at 100 mg/ml with the zone of inhibition of 19.0 mm. Testing the efficacy of ester of glycerol using agar diffusion method, P. aeruginosa showed the least resistance while B. subtilis was the most sensitive. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the two novel compounds exhibited differential antibacterial activities towards the test bacteria.

Antibacterial activity of di-2-ethylaniline phosphate screened by paper disc diffusion method.

Antibacterial activity di-2-ethylaniline phosphate was studied against four Gram negative bacteria at 100-10000 μg/ml concentration using the paper disc diffusion method. Results indicated that the test compound, di-2-ethylaniline phosphate has demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all selected Gram negative bacteria. Di-2-ethylaniline phosphate was found to be effective against bacteria A at lowest concentration 100 μg/ml where the zone of inhibition was 9 mm diameter in size and largest zone 24 mm diameter formed at highest concentration 10000 μg/ml against bacteria D while bacteria B and C exhibited more resistance as compared to bacteria A and D. In conclusion di-2-ethylaniline phosphate exhibited an efficient antibacterial activity.

Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in comparison with vasicine

Objective: To ascertain the antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda and vasicine against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus flavus. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the concentrated leaf extracts of J. adhatoda was evaluated by determination of the diameter of zone of inhibition against bacteria and fungi. 25μg ml-1 concentration was used to check the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and vasicine. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum microbicidal concentrations were determined against all the pathogens. Sensitivity of the pathogens was also checked with four standard antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin for bacteria and nystatin and amphotericin B for fungi. Results: The phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids in the extracts were active against both bacteria and fungi. Studies on the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts on the test organisms showed that the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum microbicidal concentrations were demonstrated against Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the highest minimum inhibitory concentration was exhibited against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcuspyogenes, Klebsiella pnuemoniae. Among fungi Aspergillus flavus showed lowest minimum inhibitory concentration whereas Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans showed highest minimum inhibitory concentration. Conclusion: The present study revealed that J. adhatoda has broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and a potential source of antimicrobial agents that could be useful for chemotherapy and control of infectious diseases.