Cytodifferentiation of fundic part of glandular stomach in non descript breed of Indian prenatal goat

Though the anatomy and physiology of the adult caprine (Capra hircus L.) stomach have been investigated extensively, the early development of the abomasum has not yet been fully elucidated. The glandular part of abomasum plays an important role in digestion of ingested food by action of gastric juices. Very few studies have been conducted so far regarding histogenesis of goat foetal abomasum in India. In the present study, we have investigated the embryonic and early foetal development of the goat, Capra hircus L. fundic abomasum. We collected 36 developing abomasum of healthy and normal embryos/foeti of goat and assigned them into three group viz. Gr. I (0-50 days of gestation), Gr. II (51-100 days of gestation) and Gr. III (101-150 days of gestation). Small pieces of tissues were processed by routine paraffin. The wall of glandular stomach, the fundic part, was composed of epithelium, pleuripotent blastemic tissue and serosa up to 44 days of gestation. Tunica muscularis became separable at 46 days of gestation. The epithelium was stratified type up to 50 days and gradually changed to pseudo-stratified columnar to simple columnar type from 76 days of gestation. Primary and secondary abomasal folds were observed at 51 and 76 days of gestation, respectively. Gastric pit, the fore runner of gastric gland was reported first at 70 days. The gland became branched tubular type at 145 days. The cells found in the mucosa of the abomasum were surface epithelial cells, chief cells, parietal cells, mucous neck cells and undifferentiated cells. Chief and parietal cell were observed at 76 days and mucous neck cells at 82 days of gestation. Reticular, collagen and elastic fibers came into sight at 38, 76 and 100 days of gestation, respectively. The present study is expected to supplement known data and knowledge regarding histogenesis of goat fetal abomasum and help in diagnosis and treatment of related congenital anomalies.

A Case of Thyrotoxicosis with the Presence of Anti-Gastric Parietal Cell Antibodies

The presence of anti-gastric parietal cell antibodies (AGPAs) has been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia and atrophic gastritis and has been rarely reported in thyrotoxicosis. In addition, AGPAs more commonly occur in the Western population. No case of AGPA occurring in thyrotoxicosis has been reported in Korea to date. We report a case involving the occurrence of AGPAs in a thyrotoxicosis patient examined at the Hanyang University Hospital. Upon medical consultation, a 55-yr-old woman with no significant medical history was found to have elevated levels of cholesterol, AST, ALT, gamma glutamyl transferase, and mild anemia. Further blood tests revealed elevated levels of T3, free T4, and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and negative results for the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG), for which the patient was diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis. To rule out autoimmune hepatitis in the explanation of the continuously elevated levels of AST and ALT, the autoimmune target (AIT), anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), anti-liver/kidney/microsomal antibody (LKM), anti-mitochondria antibody (AMA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) tests were done, and the results were all negative. However, during this process, the patient tested positive for AGPA, when stomach tissue was used as the sample. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis without any other autoimmune disease. This is the first report of confirmed presence of AGPA in a thyrotoxicosis-only patient in Korea.

Histomorphometric Changes of The Parietal Cell of The Stomach with Age - A Postmortem Study.

Background: The quantity of acid produced by the stomach correlates with the functional capability and number of parietal cell mass. Researchers have found that the number of parietal cells tends to increase with advancing age in different population-based studies. Objective: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was designed to see the variation in the number and diameter of the parietal cells of the stomach with advancing age in Bangladeshi people. Methods: The present study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2005 to June 2006, based on collection of 60 human stomachs from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the morgue of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (2-16 years), group B (17-22 years) and group C (23-65 years). A total of 8 relatively fresh samples from group A, 8 from group B and 14 from group C were selected for histological study. Then best prepared histological slides from each group were taken and examined under the light compound microscope to determine the number per sq. mm and average diameter of the parietal cells by using the ocular micrometer. Results: The number of parietal cells per square mm of microscopic fields were found 1197.88±73.34 in group A, 1362.25±55.67 in group B and 1615.57±123.57 in group C. The difference between group A & B, B & C and A & C were statistically significant. The average diameter of the parietal cells were found 14.44±1.58ìm, 16.87±0.48ìm, 17.67±1.28ìm in group A, B and C respectively. The difference between group A & B and A & C were statistically significant. Conclusion: The number of the parietal cells increases with age, even in old age. However, the diameter of the parietal cell increases up to the 3rd decade of life and then remains static.

Association between vitamin B12 level and anti-parietal cells and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies among adult Jordanian patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori infection with anti-parietal cell antibodies (APCA) and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies (AIFA) and their impact on vitamin B12 serum level. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred patients (M/F: 43/57; age 46.5 ± 17.5 years) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan were enrolled in the study. The patients were grouped as H. pylori-infected (n = 81) or H. pylori negative (n = 19) by histopathological examination. Fasting serum vitamin B12 levels, antiparietal cell antibodies and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies for patients and controls were determined. RESULTS: Anti-parietal cell antibodies and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were positive in 9.9% and 18.5% of H. pylori-positive patients respectively. None of the H. pylori negative subjects had anti-parietal cell antibodies or anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Serum vitamin B12 level was lower in the H. pylori-infected patients (275 ± 70.4 pg/mL) than in controls (322.9 ± 60.7 pg/mL; p 0.05). H. pylori was positive in 94% of the low-vitamin B12 group compared with 64.6% of the normal-vitamin B12 group (p 0.5). CONCLUSION: Patients with H. pylori infection are more likely to have anti-parietal cell antibodies and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. There was an association between H. pylori infection and lower vitamin B12 levels. H. pylori infection might be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis.

A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Features of Pernicious Anemia in a Korean Population

To determine the approximate incidence and clinical features of pernicious anemia in a Korean population, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data for patients with pernicious anemia who were diagnosed between 1995 and 2010 at five hospitals in Chungnam province. Ninety-seven patients were enrolled, who accounted for 24% of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. The approximate annual incidence of pernicious anemia was 0.3 per 100,000. The median age was 66 (range, 32-98) yr, and the male/female ratio was 1.25. Anemia-associated discomfort was the most common symptom (79.4%), followed by gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms (78.4% and 38.1%, respectively). Pancytopenia was found in 36 patients (37.1%), and autoimmune disorders were found in 15 patients (15.5%). Antibody to intrinsic factor was detected in 62 (77.5%) of 80 patients examined, and antibody to parietal cells was detected in 35 (43.2%) of 81 patients examined. Of the 34 patients who underwent tests for Helicobacter pylori, 7 (12.5%) were positive. The anemia-associated and gastrointestinal symptoms resolved completely in all patients after intramuscular injection of cobalamin, whereas neurological symptoms remained in some. In conclusion, pernicious anemia is less frequent in Koreans than in Western populations; however, the clinical features of this disorder in Koreans do not differ from those of Western cases.

Age-associated changes in ultrastructure and H+-K+-ATpase of gastric parietal cell in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the age-associated changes of ultrastructure,mRNA and protein expressions of H+-K+-ATPase in elderly gastric parietal cell. Methods Fifty patients with relative normal stomach without gastroduodenal diseases were enrolled,including younger group (aged 20-59 years,n=19) and elderly group (aged≥60 years,n=31).Furthermore,the elderly group was divided into 3 subgroups:60-69 years old (n =11 ),70-79 years old (n=10 ),above 80 years old (n =10).The ultrastructure of gastric parietal cell was observed under electron microscope.The expression of H+-K+-ATPase α subunit mRNA and H+-K+-ATPase β subunit protein were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western-blot,respectively.The ageing-associated changes of all these data were respectively compared. Results No significant difference was showed in the morphology of gastric parietal cell and acid-secretion-associated organelles among all the groups.The average ratio Am to Ac (Am means the area of mitochondria,Ac means the area of cytoplasm) of gastric parietal cell and the average At to Ac ratio (At means the area of secretory canaliculi and tubulovesicular system )between younger group and elderly group had no significant difference[(48.4±7.5) ％ vs.(50.6±7.6) ％,t=-0.775,P=0.444; (13.8±4.1) ％ vs.(12.2±4.7) ％,t=0.984,P=0.332].Meanwhile,there were no distinctions in the expression of H+-K+ -ATPase α subunit mRNA and H+-K+-ATPase protein among all elderly subgroups(F=1.522,2.32,P=0.24,0.114).However,the mRNA expression of H+-K+-ATPase a subunit was higher in the elderly group than in the younger group(t=-3.682,P=0.001).Furthermore,the expression of H+ -K+ -ATPase protein in the elderly group was increased as compared with younger group(t=-3.389,P=0.004). Conclusions Acidsecretion-associated organelles of human gastric parietal cell have no degeneration and the expression of H + -K+-ATPase is in trend of increase with aging,indicating that healthy elderly people have the basis of ultrastructure and molecular biology to maintain well function of acid secretion.

The inhibitory mechanism of rabeprazole on acid secretion of parietal cells in rats / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory mechanism of rabeprazole on acid secretion of parietal cells in rats. Methods Seventy two Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into control group(normal saline), low dose of rabeprazole group (rabeprazole 10 mg/kg) and high dose of rabeprazole group (rabeprazole 20 mg/kg) with 24 each. Four rats in each group were treated at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively, pH value and activity of H+-K+-ATPase were tested by NaOH titrimetric method and chromatometry, respectively. The changes of ultrastructure of parietal cells were observed by electron microscope. Results Compared with control group(1.97±0.30), pH value in low (3.37± 0.97)and high (5.96±0.26)dose groups were significantly increased(P<0.01), and the activity of H+-K+-ATPase was inhibited obviously at 1 h after administration(3.28±0. 41 vs 1.47±0.27 and 0.92±0.07, P<0.05). Those differences could be found even at 12 h(P<0.01). The ultrastructural changes of parietal cells were consistent with the increase of pH value and decreased activity of H+-K+-ATPase. The significant difference was found in acid depression and excellent time between low and high dose of rabeprazole groups. Conclnsions The uhrastructural changes of parietal cells and the activity of H+-K+-ATPase can accurately reflect the acid secretion in rats. Rabeprazole has powerful and rapid effects in inhibiting acid secretion which correlates with the dosage.

Pernicious Anemia: A Retrospective Analysis of 22 Cases

BACKGROUND: Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in western populations, but to date, only case reports or small series dealing with this malady have been reported in Korea. This study describes the clinical characteristics of pernicious anemia in Koreans. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data for twenty-two Korean patients with pernicious anemia who were diagnosed during the period from 1995 to 2004 at Chungnam National University Hospital. RESULTS: Only two patients were diagnosed before 2000. The median age of the patients was 66 years and the male/female ratio was 1.8. Anemia-associated discomfort was the most common symptom (95.5%); this was followed by gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms (77.2% and 50.0%, respectively). Autoimmune disorders were found in five patients (22.7%). The median hemoglobin level was 7.0g/dL (range: 3.1~11.8g/dL) and pancytopenia was found in 12 patients (54.5%). The median serum vitamin B12 Level was 26pg/mL (range: 12~189pg/mL). Fifteen (78.9%) and eight (42.1%) of the 19 patients who underwent tests for antibodies were positive for anti-intrinsic factor and anti-parietal cell antibody, respectively. Nineteen of 21 patients who were treated with intramuscular cobalamin recovered from their cytopenia within 3 months. The gastrointestinal symptoms resolved completely for all the patients, while neurological symptoms remained for some of the patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the clinical features of pernicious anemia in Koreans are not different from those of the western cases. In addition, pernicious anemia is not a rare finding in Korea.

Ultrastructural Alterations Induced by 5-Fluorouracil or Mitomycin C on the Gastric Parietal Cells of Mouse / 대한해부학회지

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C on the gastric parietal cells of mouse. 5 -fluorouracil (30 mg/kg) or mitomycin C (400 micro gram/kg) were injected subcutaneously every other day, and the animals were sacrificed at 4th day and 7th day following the first injection. Pieces of the tissue were taken from the stomach, prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde -1.5% paraformaldehyde, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. In both of the 5-fluorouracil or the mitomycin C treated groups, most parietal cells showed severely reduced luminal spaces of the intracellular canaliculi, since microvilli of intracellular canaliculi were very irregular shaped and nearly contacted with each other, and the cytoplasmic tubulovesicular membranes were disintegrated and indistinct. The changes in the 5-fluorouracil treated group were more indistinct than in those of the mitomycin C treated group. In the 5-fluorouracil treated group, balooning of the cytoplasm, focal cytolysis, myelin figures, lysosomes and multivesicular bodies in the parietal cells were observed more frequently than in those of the mitomycin C treated group. Above results suggest that the 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C treated animals might suffer from reduced acid secretion of the parietal cell, since the collapsed lumen of the intracellular canaliculi, the disintegration of the tubulovesicular membranes, and the reduction of cell organelles in the parietal cells are occurred within a few days following injections. 5-fluorouracil was proved more harmful on the parietal cell than mitomycin C does.

Effects of BCG or AG60 on Gastric Parietal Cells of the Mouse Implanted with Ehrlich Carcinoma Cells / 대한해부학회지

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric parietal cells of mouse inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells, following administration of Bacillus Calmette -Guerin (BCG) or acriflavine -guanosine composition (AG60, Taerim Pharm. Co. Seoul, Korea). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with 1 X 10(7) Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day, 0.2 ml of saline, BCG (0.03 X 10(8) ~0.32 X 10(8) CFU) or AG60 (30 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day. Animals were sacrificed on the 14th day from the first injection. Pieces of the tissue were taken from the stomach, prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde -1.5% paraformaldehyde, followed by post -fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with a JEM 100CX -II electron microscope. In the experimental control, the BCG and the AG60 treated groups, most parietal cells showed reduced lumenal spaces of the intracellular canaliculi, since microvilli of intracellular canaliculi were very irregularly shaped and crowed with each other. And in the BCG and the AG60 treated mice, myelin figures, lysosomes and multivesicular bodies in the parietal cells were observed more frequently than in those of the experimental control ones. In the BCG treated rats, membranes of the tubulovesicles of the parietal cells were disintegrated, but the similar changes were not observed in the AG60 treated mice,. Above results suggest that the BCG treated animals inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells might suffer from reduced acid secretion of the parietal cell, since the disintegration of the tubulovesicular membranes in the parietal cells are occurred following injections. Whereas AG60 dose not affect remakably defect on the parietal cells.

Gastric Adaptive Responses to Chronic Hypokalemia / 대한해부학회지

To date, most of data regarding H/K-ATPase have been derived from alterations of gene expression or enzymatic activity in kidney. But potassium balance is achieved by the control of urinary K+ excretion and by the control of K+ absorption from the digestive tract. The digestive system is also expected to participate substantively in the regulation of systemic K+ homeostasis during chronic hypokalemia. This study was performed to analyze the expression and distribution of the gastric H/K-ATPase alpha subunit mRNA and protein in rats of chronic changes of potassium diet using Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Northern blot analysis demonstrate that gastric H/K- ATPase alpha subunit mRNA was abundantly expressed in normal rat stomach not in distal colon. In experimental groups, gastric H/K-ATPase alpha subunit mRNA was also abundantly expressed, but there was no significant differences among all groups. By immunohistochemistry, immunoreactivity of gastric H/K-ATPase alpha subunit was detected in the parietal cells. Reaction products were diffusely localized throughout the cytoplasm. Most of these immunoreactive cells were located in the gastric gland between the neck and base portion of the body, but a few cells in the base or gastric pits. All groups exhibited comparable cellular patterns of labeling and signal intensity. These results suggest that gastric H/K-ATPase alpha subunit does not significantly contribute to potassium conservation during chronic changes of potassium diet in spite of abundant expression.

EFFECT OF ACID INHIBITOR ON THE FUNCTION AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS IN RATS UNDER STRESS / 解放军医学杂志

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of acid inhibitor on the function and ultrastructure of gastric parietal cells in rats under immersion and restraint stress. Thirty two male SD rats were randomly divided into control, stress, omeprazole and cimetidine treated groups. The gastric mucosal ulcer index (UI) and gastric juice pH were measured. The ultrastructural changes of parietal cells were observed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). The UI was decreased and the pH value was increased obviously in omeprazole and cimetidine treated groups compared with stress group ( P

Studies on the property of potassium-ion channels of rat parietal cells / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the properties of K~ +-ion channel of rat parietal cells, and to approach its effects on physiological and pathological process. Method Parietal cells were isolated. Electrophysiological records of K~ +-ion channels were made through whole cell's patch clamp technique, and the properties of the channels were analyzed. Results 10mM tetraethylammonium chloride may partially block the outwardly depolarized K~ +-ion channel current. While 10mM tetraethylammonium acetate, 10mM barium chloride or 10mM barium acetate may increases the outwardly depolarized K~ +-ion channel current. Conclusion The whole cell K~ +-ion channel current of rat parietal cells showed voltage sensitive. The current-voltage relations of whole cell potassium channels of rat parietal cells are both outwardly and inwardly rectified.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on gastric parietal cell and the H~+-K~+ATPase mRNA expression / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of H.pylori infection and eradication on gastric parietal cell and H + K +ATPase mRNA expression in a murine model. Methods Twenty 7 week old SPF BALB/C mice (10 males and 10 females) each were fed by H.pylori strain (Sydney Strain 1,SS1) at a dose of 0.4 ml (10 9CFU) per day for consecutive 5 days. Two months after infection of H. pylori, all mice were divided into two groups, the eradication group (10 mice) and the infection group (10 mice). Mice in the eradication group were administered clarithromycin ( 13.5 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) twice per day for one week (one mouse was died).Meanwhile, mice in the infection group were given the same amount placebo. All mice were killed at one month after the administration.The gastric mucosa was removed for rapid urease testing (RUT) and Giemsa stainning. The expression of H + K +ATPase mRNA was detected by RT PCR. Morphological changes in parietal cells were assessed by electron microscope. Results The animals in infection group were 100% infected by H.pylori, and RUT and Giemsa staining were all positive. Meanwhile , all but one mouse in the eradcation group were negative to RUT and Giemsa staining. In the infection group, the average ratio A C to A T (A C means the area of the canaliculi, A T means the area of the parietal cells ) was ( 2.20 ? 0.06 )/10 4, significant lower than that in the eradication group [(3.20 ? 0.06 )/10 4, P

Dynamic changes of the function and ultrastructure of gastric parietal cells under stress ulcer in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To evaluate the dynamic changes of the function and ultrastructure of gastric parietal cells under stress and their relation with acute gastric mucosal lesions. METHODS: Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, which were control group and 1,2,4 h groups under water restraint stress (WRS). The gastric fluid pH value and gastric mucosal ulcer index(UI) were measured. The ultrastructural changes of parietal cells were observed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: The study demonstrated that gastric acid secretion increased and gastric fluid pH value decreased gradually and significantly under WRS compared with control group( P

Expression of AQP-4 in Developing Rat Stomach: An Immunohistochemical Study

PURPOSE: AQP-4 is restricted to basolateral membranes of parietal cells located in the gastric glandular base. Whereas, there is no AQP-4 immunoreactivity in the parietal cells of isthmus/ neck region of gastric gland. Expression of AQP-4 in parietal cells might be related with the functional differentiation and maturation of parietal cells. The purpose of this study was to establish the expression of AQP-4 in differentiating parietal cells in the developing rat stomach. METHODS: Stomachs from 20-day-old fetuses, 3-, 7-, and 14-day-old pups, and adults were preserved with a periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde solution and processed for immunohistochemical studies using rabbit polyclonal antibodies to AQP-4 or H+/-K+/-ATPase. RESULTS: In the parietal cells during development of rat stomach, AQP-4 appears first at 20 days of gestation. AQP-4 immunoreactivity is restricted to the basolateral membranes of parietal cells located in the gastric glandular base not only in adults but also in all developing ages. Whereas, there is no AQP-4 immunoreactivity in the parietal cells of isthmus/neck region in all developing ages. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in the developing rat stomach, AQP-4 expressed only in mature parietal cells which are located in the glandular base, and act as a major water channel involved in acid secretion in rat stomach.

Inhibitory action of dl-tetrahydropalmatine on gastric acid secretion in vitro / 中国药理学通报

The action of dl - tetrahydropal-matine(dl-THP) was studied in two preparations in vitro : the isolated rat gastric mucosa and parietal cells, dl-THP was found to inhibit significantly basal acid formation by the gastric mucosa in a dose - response fashion. The effect was reversible, acid secretion returning to control levels 1. 5~2h after the preparation underwent a double wash, dl - THP also produced asignificant and dose - dependent inhibition of histamine - induced secretion in the gastric mucosa and parietal cells, shifted the histamine dose -response cuver to the right and suppressed the maximum acid production, with pD_2~1 values of 4. 72 and 4. 70, respectively.

Establishment of radioligand binding assay of gastrin receptors in rat gastric parietal cells / 中国药理学通报

AIM To establish radioligand binding assay of gastrin receptor in rat gastric parietal cell. METHODS Using 125 I labeled [Leu 15 ] gastrin 17 I as the radioligand, rat gastric parietal cells as the receptor preparations. RESULTS In the range of the study, a Scatchard plot of the binding was made by Ligand program with an equilibrium K d of approximately 1 249?10 -10 mol?L -1 and a maximum binding capacity of 4 4604?10 -12 mol?L -1 . The amount of gastrin binding was strongly associated with the cell concentration of rat gastric parietal cell preparations ranged from 0 25?10 9 to 2?10 9 cells?L -1 . The variant coefficent of the binding assay was 7 04% within the same sample. The competitive inhibiting analyses showed that 125 I gastrin was bound to gastric parietal cell preparations with a high specificity. CONCLUSION The radioligand binding assay of gastrin receptor in rat gastric parietal cell preparations meets the criteria for establishing receptor binding assay.

THE INFLUENCE OF STRESS ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGS IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL ACID BARRIER AND PARIETAL CELLS OF RATS / 解放军医学杂志

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the influence of immersion and restraint stress on the ultrastructural changes in gastric acid barrier and parietal cells in rats. Twenty rats were randomly divided into control and stress groups. The gastric mucosal ulcer index was measured. The ultrastructural changes in parietal cells, epithelial cells, epithelial cell junctions, and basal lamina were observed by transmission electronic microscopy. Stress could induce gastric mucosal damage obviously. Parietal cells in a resting state in control group but became active in stress groups with plenty of mitochromosomes and secreting cysts. The cell membrane of epithelium on the luminal surface were were injured with the preservation of tight junction and basal lamina. The results indicated that the stress induced acid secretion of parietal cells, which destroys the luminal surface of the epithelium. It thus suggests the significance of epithelial cell membrane damage in the development of stress ulcer.