RESUMO
Aims: To determine normal peak bone mineral density (PBMD) values in a cohort of healthy Omanis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the study: in the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Medicine at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman between 2012 and 2013. Methodology: Omani employees aged between 25 to 34 years at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) were randomly chosen and invited to participate. Fifty normal males and 50 females were studied. Their fully informed consent was obtained to establish PBMD values using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood was also taken to determine their serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as well as a complete blood count (CBC), serum sodium, potassium and creatinine levels. Statistical analysis was done based on Hologic Delphi Reference Values on a reference curve generation using z-scores and the fitting a polynomial curve of third order. This data was interpolated, sampled and tested to verify the initial results. Results: Our results show that normal Omani PBMD values of L1-L4 in women were 0.94 0.11 and in men 0.99 0.12 g/cm2. These are significantly lower than those of a normal Caucasian population by 26.5% in women P-value (<.001) and by 23.8% in men P-value (<.001). Only three subjects had values on or slightly above the mean Caucasian level but sixteen had values on or below -2SD. The blood tests were within the normal range in all subjects. Conclusion: Omani mean PBMD values obtained in this study are substantially lower than Caucasian values. To avoid the use of inappropriate anti-resorptive therapy we should consider revising our reference range. We recommend using normal Asian reference values as they are almost identical to those obtained in this study until a normal reference range is established for this country.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between peak bone density and polymorphism of estrogen receptor gene in Korean premenopausal women. METHOD: We amplified Estrogen receptor by polymerase chain reaction and its digestion pattern of Pvu II and Xba I was examined from the 172 women who were in premenopause. The genetic subtype was classified by its digestion pattern and its combination genotype, e.g. PP, Pp, pp, XX, Xx, xx, PPXX, PPXx, PPxx, PpXx, Ppxx, xxpp. Bone mineral density of each genetic subtype were compared. RESULTS: The genotype distribution was as follows: PP; 16.3%, Pp; 45.9%, pp; 37.8%, XX; 1.2%, Xx; 25.0%, xx; 73.8%, PPXX; 1.1%, PPXx; 8.7%, PPxx; 6.4%, PpXx; 16.3%, Ppxx; 29.7%, ppxx; 37.8%. ER gene polymorphism was associated with bone mineral density at forearm bone mineral density (P<0.05) with the xx genotype having the less BMD than Xx genotype. CONCLUSION: Xba I estrogen receptor gene polymorphism is associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Estrogen receptor gene polymorphism may have a modulatory role in bone metabolism in premenopausal women. And it can be used as predictor of forearm peak bone density.