Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome: an intriguing perioperative hypoxemia case report

Abstract Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare condition of positional hypoxemia and dyspnea. The following is a case of hypoxemia for no obvious reason in the perioperative scenario. A 70-year-old male patient was submitted to a radical prostatectomy. On several occasions after anesthetic induction, peripheral oxygen saturation decreased without any understandable cause. In the postanesthesia care unit, severe hypoxemia occurred in the upright position, oddly correcting with recumbency. An echocardiography showed a right-to-left intracardiac shunt through a patent foramen ovale with no pulmonary hypertension, establishing POS. Achieving this diagnosis required a broad workup with a high degree of suspicion.

Prognostic value of perioperative high sensitivity troponin in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty

Abstract The authors conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the prognostic value of high-sensitivity Troponin I (hs-TnI) in the short- and long-term periods after orthopedic surgery, including Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (THA and TKA, respectively), in a tertiary orthopedic center in Brazil. Perioperative Myocardial Injury (PMI) was defined as an absolute increase in hs-TnI of ≥ 26 ng/L above preoperative values. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality assessed at 30 days and 18 months after surgery. The secondary endpoint consisted of a composite outcome: cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarction, angina requiring revascularization, and/or stroke. The authors compared Relative Risks (RR) of all-cause mortality and composite outcomes in patients with or without PMI at 30 days and 18 months. A Cox proportional hazards model for long-term outcomes was calculated and adjusted for age > 70 years, gender, and Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) class ≥ 2. PMI occurred in 3.4 % of all surgeries. At 30-days, 6.6 % of patients with PMI had died versus none without PMI. At 18 months, 20.0 % of PMI versus 4.7 % without PMI had died (RR = 5.0; 95 % Confidence Interval [95 % CI 1.3-19.3]). Based on composite outcomes in short and long-term periods, the RRs were 16.2 (95 % CI 2.7-96.5) and 7.7 (95 % CI 2.2-26.6), respectively. PMI was associated with all-cause mortality after 18 months and increased risk for a composite outcome (Hazard Ratio [HR = 3.97], 95 % CI 1.13-13.89 and HR = 5.80, 95 % CI 1.93-17.45, respectively). Patients with PMI who underwent THA or TKA presented worse short- and long-term prognoses compared to those without PMI.

Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period: an integrative review / Lean y/o Six Sigma para optimizar los procesos en el periodo perioperatorio: revisión integradora / Lean e/ou Six Sigma para otimização de processos no período perioperatório: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the evidence on the influence of Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period. Methods: Integrative review carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and LILACS databases on the use of Lean and/or Six Sigma to optimize perioperative processes. The studies included were analyzed in three thematic categories: flow of surgical patients, work process and length of stay. Results: The final sample consisted of ten studies, which covered all operative periods. Lean and/or Six Sigma make a significant contribution to optimizing perioperative processes. Final considerations: Lean and/or Six Sigma optimize perioperative processes to maximize the achievement of system stability indicators, making it possible to identify potential problems in order to recognize them and propose solutions that can enable the institution of patient-centered care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias sobre la influencia del Lean y/o Six Sigma para optimizar los procesos en el periodo perioperatorio. Métodos: Es una revisión integradora llevada a cabo en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus y LILACS, sobre la utilización del Lean y/o Six Sigma para optimizar los procesos en el perioperatorio. Los estudios incluidos se analizaron en tres categorías temáticas: flujo de pacientes quirúrgicos, proceso de trabajo y tiempo de la estancia. Resultados: La muestra final estuvo formada por diez estudios, los cuales contemplaron todos los períodos operatorios. Lean y/o Six Sigma contribuyen grandemente para mejorar los procesos en el perioperatorio. Consideraciones finales: Lean y/o Six Sigma optimizan los procesos perioperatorios al maximizar el alcance de los indicadores de estabilidad de los sistemas, facilitando la identificación de problemas potenciales para reconocer y proponer soluciones que ayuden a instituir un cuidado más centrado en el paciente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as evidências acerca da influência do Lean e/ou Six Sigma para otimização de processos no período perioperatório. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus e LILACS, a respeito do uso do Lean e/ou Six Sigma para otimização de processos no perioperatório. Os estudos incluídos foram analisados em três categorias temáticas: fluxo de pacientes cirúrgicos, processo de trabalho e tempo de permanência. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por dez estudos, os quais contemplaram todos os períodos operatórios. Lean e/ou Six Sigma contribuem de forma expressiva para a otimização dos processos no perioperatório. Considerações finais: Lean e/ou Six Sigma otimizam processos perioperatórios em vista da maximização do alcance de indicadores de estabilidade dos sistemas, tornando possível a identificação de potenciais problemas para o reconhecimento e proposição de soluções que possam viabilizar a instituição de um cuidado centrado no paciente.

Recommendations from Annals of Surgical Oncology： Clinical guidelines for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

Biliary tract carcinoma （BTC） is a type of gastrointestinal tumor with a low incidence rate and a strong invasive ability， mainly including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC）， extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ECC）， and gallbladder carcinoma （GC）， often accompanied by local progression or distant metastasis. Surgery is often the preferred treatment method for patients with local resectable tumor； however， there is still a high risk of recurrence after radical surgery. Therefore， multiple treatment modalities are often required for BTC patients， including surgical resection， systemic treatment （such as targeted therapy， chemotherapy， and immunotherapy）， and/or a combination of local treatment methods. With the development of the field of BTC， it is critical for surgical oncologists to understand and master the latest surgical strategies and the best patient selection and management systems. In view of the complexity of treatment and the continuous development of diagnosis and treatment techniques， Annals of Surgical Oncology， an authoritative American journal of cancer surgery， recently published the practical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for hepatobiliary tumors， including hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）， ICC， ECC， and GC， aiming to provide more evidence-based evidence for the clinical management and decision-making of patients with hepatobiliary tumors. Due to the limitations of length and different emphases， this article mainly introduces the recommendations for the evaluation points and clinical treatment of ECC and GC in the guidelines， so as to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Progress in perioperative application of tranexamic acid / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Perioperative bleeding is closely related to the prognosis of patients, and massive blood loss can lead to serious adverse events. Tranexamic acid, a lysine derivative, exerts anti-fibrinolytic effects by competitively blocking lysine binding sites on plasminogen to achieve hemostasis. Perioperative use of tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the risk of bleeding and the need for blood transfusion, and reduce the risk of bleeding related complications and death. At present, the use of tranexamic acid for perioperative hemostasis is increasingly widespread, and it is gradually entering the consensus and guidelines in more surgical fields. In this paper, the mechanism of action, perioperative application and adverse reactions of tranexamic acid were reviewed, and the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in different surgical types were discussed, so as to provide reference for the application and research of tranexamic acid in China.

Assessing the Adequacy of Perioperative Pain Management on Immediate Post-Operative Analgesia for Patients Anesthetised Under General Anesthesia who had Elective Intraabdominal Surgeries in Lautoka Hospital – A Retrospective Audit

Introduction@#Perioperative pain is a major problem for patients undergoing surgery. Inadequate pain relief can lead to complications like pneumonia, extended hospital stay, re-admissions and patient dissatisfaction. The aim of this research was to determine adequacy of perioperative pain management on immediate post-operative analgesia for elective Intra-abdominal procedures done under general anaesthesia.@*Method@#This is a retrospective study which involved auditing inpatient folders from the 1st of January to 31st of December, 2015.The inclusion criteria were those between the ages of 18 to 60years who had Elective Intra-abdominalprocedure done under general anesthesia.Each folder was audited for perioperative pain management from surgical and anaesthetic charts and data were entered into a proforma list. EpiInfo 3.1 software and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheetwere used for analysis of the extracted data.@*Results@#159 records met the inclusion criteria but only 127 folders were recovered. 28% of patients recorded pain in the immediate postoperative period. There were more females than males and Total Abdominal Hysterectomies was the most common procedure. The age between 31 to 40 years, reported the most pain. Open cholecystectomy’s procedures recorded the most pain complaints and hernia repairs had the least. Verbal response was the highest pain indicator used and 11% of patients who indicated having some pain went from PARU untreated. There were no records of usage of pain scales in any folder retrieved.@*Discussion@#Pain recording in the recovery unit was heavily dependent on the recovery nurse and the patient. The incidence of immediate postoperative pain from this study group was lower when compared to other studies. This could be due to a lack of documentation or a reflection on how well perioperative pain treatment has been done in Lautoka. @*Conclusion@#Overall management of perioperative pain still needs improvement. The anaesthetic team should seriously look at this problem as Anaesthetists are still unaware of their patients pain. It is highly recommend that the formulation of an Acute Pain Management Protocol for Fiji to ensure that Pain be included as the 5th vital sign.

Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: an integrative review of literature / Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica: revisão integrativa / Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica: una revisión integradora

Abstract Objective: to evaluate evidence on risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery. Method: integrative review. The search for primary studies was performed in four databases. The sample consisted of 11 surveys. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data analysis and synthesis were performed in a descriptive manner. Results: surgical site infection rates ranged from 0.4% to 7.6%, considering the results of primary studies, in which patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. In surveys of participants undergoing surgical procedures with different approaches (open, laparoscopic or robotic), infection rates ranged from 0.9% to 12%. Regarding the risk factors for the development of this type of infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, female sex, high Body Mass Index and perioperative hyperglycemia are highlighted. Conclusion: conducting the integrative review generated a body of evidence that reinforces the importance of implementing effective measures for the prevention and control of surgical site infection, by health professionals, after bariatric surgery, promoting improved care and patient safety in the perioperative period.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar as evidências sobre os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica. Método: revisão integrativa. A busca dos estudos primários foi realizada em quatro bases de dados. A amostra foi composta por 11 pesquisas. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. A análise e a síntese dos dados foram realizadas de maneira descritiva. Resultados: as taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico variaram de 0,4% até 7,6%, considerando os resultados dos estudos primários, cujos pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia por via laparoscópica. Nas pesquisas com os participantes submetidos aos procedimentos cirúrgicos com diferentes abordagens (aberta, via laparoscópica ou robótica), as taxas de infecção variaram de 0,9% até 12%. Com relação aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de infecção, ressaltam-se antibioticoprofilaxia, sexo feminino, Índice de Massa Corporal elevado e hiperglicemia perioperatória. Conclusão: a condução da revisão gerou corpo de evidências que reforça a importância na implementação de medidas efetivas para prevenção e controle de infecção de sítio cirúrgico pelos profissionais de saúde após cirurgia bariátrica, promovendo a melhoria da assistência e da segurança do paciente no perioperatório.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección de sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica. Método: revisión integradora. La búsqueda de estudios primarios se realizó en cuatro bases de datos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 investigaciones. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante herramientas propuestas por el Joanna Briggs Institute. El análisis y la síntesis de los datos se realizaron de manera descriptiva. Resultados: las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico oscilaron entre 0,4% y 7,6%, considerando los resultados de los estudios primarios, en los que los pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía mediante laparoscopia. En investigaciones con participantes que se sometieron a procedimientos quirúrgicos con diferentes enfoques (abierto, laparoscópico o robótico), las tasas de infección oscilaron entre el 0,9 % y el 12 %. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de este tipo de infección, se destacan la profilaxis antibiótica, el sexo femenino, el Índice de Masa Corporal elevado y la hiperglucemia perioperatoria. Conclusión: la realización de la revisión generó un cuerpo de evidencia que refuerza la importancia de implementar medidas efectivas para la prevención y el control de la infección de sitio quirúrgico, por parte de los profesionales de la salud, después de la cirugía bariátrica, promoviendo la mejora de la atención y la seguridad del paciente en el período perioperatorio.

Manejo anestésico perioperatorio en histerectomía total abdominal por fibroma uterino en paciente con estenosis aórtica severa. Presentación de un caso

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 35 años, femenina, con antecedentes de presentar un soplo desde la infancia y que debía ser intervenida quirúrgicamente por fibroma uterino. El anestesiólogo, durante la consulta preoperatoria, constató el soplo ya mencionado por lo que se decidió posponer la cirugía e interconsultar con un cardiólogo. El examen ecocardiográfico demostró que la paciente era portadora de una estenosis aórtica severa con fracción de eyección conservada, prueba ergométrica: clase funcional I, sin isquemia. Mediante anestesia general orotraqueal, se realizó histerectomía total abdominal sin complicaciones. Es de vital importancia para el anestesiólogo el manejo perioperatorio de la estenosis aórtica.

The case of a 35-years-old female patient with a history of presenting a murmur since childhood and who had to undergo surgery for uterine fibroid is presented. The anesthesiologist, during the preoperative consultation, verified the aforementioned murmur, so it was decided to postpone surgery and consult with a cardiologist. The echocardiographic examination showed that the patient had severe aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction, stress test: functional class I, without ischemia. Using orotracheal general anesthesia, a total abdominal hysterectomy was performed without complications. The perioperative management of aortic stenosis is of vital importance for the anesthesiologist.

Effectiveness of perioperative family-centered educational interventions in the anxiety, pain and behaviors of children/adolescents and their parents: Systematic Review Protocol / Eficacia de las intervenciones educativas perioperatorias familiares centradas en la ansiedad, el dolor y las conductas de las personas menores y adolescentes y de sus progenitores: protocolo de revisión sistemática

Introduction: Every year, millions of children and adolescents undergo surgery, 50%-75% of them experience fear and anxiety. Children are particularly susceptible to stress and anxiety surrounding surgery as a result of their cognitive development, previous experiences, and knowledge about healthcare; this leads to additional interventions to prevent and reduce these symptoms. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of family-centered educational interventions in the children's and adolescents' anxiety, pain, and behaviors and their parents' anxiety during the perioperative period. Methods: This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for systematic reviews of effectiveness and will consider those studies (experimental and quasi-experimental) in which perioperative educational interventions have been applied to children and adolescents and their parents; these studies measured children and adolescents' pain, anxiety, and behaviors, as well as their parent's anxiety. An initial search of MEDLINE and CINAHL will be followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies from January 2007 on, available in English, Spanish and Portuguese. After all full texts are retrieved, the methodological quality assessment and data extraction will be independently and critically evaluated by two reviewers, and the data will then be presented in a tabular format. An explanatory synthesis will accompany the results. Whenever possible, a meta-analysis will be performed, and a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Summary of Findings will be presented. Expected Results: This review will provide guidance on how family-centred educational interventions can be used as a resource to manage anxiety, pain, and behavior in children, adolescents and their relatives during the perioperative processes.

Introducción: Cada año, millones de personas menores y adolescentes se someten a cirugía, de las cuales entre el 50-75 % experimenta miedo y ansiedad. Las niñas y los niños son particularmente susceptibles al estrés y la ansiedad que rodea a la cirugía, como resultado de su desarrollo cognitivo, experiencias previas y conocimiento de la salud, lo que requiere intervenciones para prevenir y reducir estos síntomas. Objetivo: Esta revisión tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas familiares centradas en la ansiedad, el dolor y los comportamientos de las personas menores y adolescentes y de sus progenitores en el período perioperatorio. Métodos: Esta revisión seguirá las pautas del Instituto Joanna Briggs para revisiones sistemáticas de efectividad y considerará estudios experimentales y cuasiexperimentales en los que las intervenciones educativas perioperatorias para medir el dolor, la ansiedad y los comportamientos en niñas, niños y adolescentes y la ansiedad de sus progenitores. Se ha realizado una búsqueda inicial limitada de MEDLINE y CINAHL. Además, una segunda búsqueda de estudios publicados y no publicados de enero de 2007 disponibles en inglés, español y portugués. Una vez recuperados los textos completos, dos revisores evaluarán críticamente, de forma independiente, la calidad metodológica y la extracción de datos y se presentarán en forma de tabla. Una síntesis narrativa acompañará a los resultados y, si es posible, se realizará un metanálisis y se presentará un Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados esperados: Esta revisión brindará orientación sobre cómo las intervenciones educativas centradas en la familia pueden usarse como un recurso para controlar la ansiedad, el dolor y el comportamiento en niñas, niños, adolescentes y sus familias en el contexto perioperatorio.

Introdução: Todos os anos, milhões de crianças e adolescentes são submetidos a cirurgias e 50-75% apresentam medo e ansiedade. Crianças/adolescentes são particularmente suscetíveis ao stress e ansiedade em torno da cirurgia devido ao seu desenvolvimento cognitivo, experiências anteriores e conhecimento que possuem sobre os cuidados de saúde, necessitando de intervenções para a prevenção/redução destes sintomas. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de intervenções educacionais centradas na família na ansiedade, dor e comportamentos de crianças/adolescentes e ansiedade dos pais no período perioperatório. Métodos: Esta revisão seguirá a metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs para revisões sistemáticas de eficácia e considerará estudos (experimentais e quase-experimentais) em que as intervenções educacionais perioperatórias tenham sido aplicadas a crianças/ adolescentes e seus pais e avaliadas a dor, ansiedade e comportamento em crianças/adolescentes e ansiedade dos pais como resultados. Uma pesquisa inicial limitada de MEDLINE e CINAHL foi realizada. Será seguida por uma segunda busca por estudos publicados e não publicados de janeiro de 2007 disponíveis em inglês, espanhol e português. Após a recuperação dos textos completos, a avaliação da qualidade metodológica e a extração de dados serão avaliadas de forma crítica e independente por dois revisores e apresentadas em forma de tabela. Uma síntese narrativa acompanhará os resultados e, se possível, uma meta-análise será realizada e um resumo das Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation apresentado. Resultados esperados: Esta revisão fornecerá orientações sobre como as intervenções educativas centradas na família podem ser utilizadas como um recurso para gestão da ansiedade, dor e comportamento em crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias no contexto perioperatório.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Timing of Rotator Cuff Repair and Method of Postoperative Follow-up / Impacto da COVID-19 no momento de reparo do manguito rotador e método de acompanhamento pós-operatório

Abstract Objective Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is one of the most common arthroscopic procedures. Our investigation aims to quantify the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on RCR, specifically on patients with acute, traumatic injuries. Methods Institutional records were queried to identify patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR between March 1st to October 31st of both 2019 and 2020. Patient demographic, preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data were collected from electronic medical records. Inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Results Totals of 72 and of 60 patients were identified in 2019 and in 2020, respectively. Patients in 2019 experienced shorter lengths of time from MRI to surgery (62.7 ± 70.5 days versus 115.7 ± 151.0 days; p = 0.01). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed a smaller average degree of retraction in 2019 (2.1 ± 1.3 cm versus 2.6 ± 1.2 cm; p = 0.05) butnodifference in anterior toposterior tear size between years (1.6 ± 1.0 cm versus 1.8 ± 1.0 cm; p = 0.17). Less patients in 2019 had a tele-health postoperative consultation with their operating surgeon compared with 2020 (0.0% versus 10.0%; p = 0.009). No significant changes in complications (0.0% versus 0.0%; p > 0.999), readmission (0.0% versus 0.0%; p > 0.999), or revision rates (5.6% versus 0.0%; p = 0.13) were observed. Conclusion From 2019 to 2020, there were no significant differences in patient demographics or major comorbidities. Our data suggests that even though the time from MRI to surgery was delayed in 2020 and telemedicine appointments were necessary, RCR was still performed in a time in early complications. Level of Evidence III.

Resumo Objetivo Oreparodomanguitorotador (RMR) é um dos procedimentos artroscópi-cos maiscomuns. Nossapesquisavisaquantificar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre o RMR, especificamente em pacientes com lesões agudas e traumáticas. Métodos Os prontuários institucionais foram consultados para identificação de pacientes submetidos ao RMR artroscópico entre 1° de março e 31 de outubro de 2019 e de 2020. Dados demográficos, pré-operatórios, perioperatórios e pós-operatórios dos pacientes foram coletados de prontuários eletrônicos. Os dados foram analisados por estatística inferencial. Resultados Totais de 72 ede60pacientes foramidentificados em 2019 e 2020, respectivamente. Os pacientes de 2019 apresentaram menor intervalo entre a ressonância magnética (RM) e a cirurgia (62,7 ± 70,5 dias versus 115,7 ± 151,0 dias; p = 0,01). Os exames de RM mostraram menor grau médio de retração em 2019 (2,1 ± 1,3 cm versus 2,6 ± 1,2 cm; p = 0,05), mas nenhuma diferença foi observada na extensão anteroposterior da laceração entre os anos (1,6 ± 1,0 cm versus 1,8 ± 1,0 cm; p = 0,17).Em 2019,o número de pacientes atendidos por seus cirurgiões em consultas pós-operatórias por telemedicina foi menor em comparação com 2020 (0,0% versus 10,0%; p = 0,009). Não foram observadas alterações significativas nas taxas de complicação (0,0% versus 0,0%; p > 0,999), de readmissão (0,0% versus 0,0%; p > 0,999) ou de revisão (5,6% versus 0,0%; p = 0,13). Conclusão Não houve diferenças significativas nos dados demográficos dos pacientes ou nas principais comorbidades entre 2019 e 2020. Nossos dados sugerem que, embora o intervalo entre a RM e a cirurgia tenha sido maior em 2020 e tenha havido necessidade de consultas por telemedicina, o RMR ainda foi realizado em tempo hábil e sem alterações significativas nas complicações precoces. Nível de Evidência III.

Importance of assessing biomarkers and physiological parameters of anemia-induced tissue hypoxia in the perioperative period

Abstract Anemia is associated with increased risk of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), stroke and mortality in perioperative patients. We sought to understand the mechanism(s) by assessing the integrative physiological responses to anemia (kidney, brain), the degrees of anemia-induced tissue hypoxia, and associated biomarkers and physiological parameters. Experimental measurements demonstrate a linear relationship between blood Oxygen Content (CaO2) and renal microvascular PO2 (y = 0.30x + 6.9, r2= 0.75), demonstrating that renal hypoxia is proportional to the degree of anemia. This defines the kidney as a potential oxygen sensor during anemia. Further evidence of renal oxygen sensing is demonstrated by proportional increase in serum Erythropoietin (EPO) during anemia (y = 93.806*10−0.02, r2= 0.82). This data implicates systemic EPO levels as a biomarker of anemia-induced renal tissue hypoxia. By contrast, cerebral Oxygen Delivery (DO2) is defended by a profound proportional increase in Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), minimizing tissue hypoxia in the brain, until more severe levels of anemia occur. We hypothesize that the kidney experiences profound early anemia-induced tissue hypoxia which contributes to adaptive mechanisms to preserve cerebral perfusion. At severe levels of anemia, renal hypoxia intensifies, and cerebral hypoxia occurs, possibly contributing to the mechanism(s) of AKI and stroke when adaptive mechanisms to preserve organ perfusion are overwhelmed. Clinical methods to detect renal tissue hypoxia (an early warning signal) and cerebral hypoxia (a later consequence of severe anemia) may inform clinical practice and support the assessment of clinical biomarkers (i.e., EPO) and physiological parameters (i.e., urinary PO2) of anemia-induced tissue hypoxia. This information may direct targeted treatment strategies to prevent adverse outcomes associated with anemia.

Factors associated with posoperative mortality in high perioperative risk patients. Cohort study / Factores asociados a mortalidad posoperatoria en pacientes de alto riesgo perioperatorio. Estudio de cohorte

Abstract Introduction: Determining perioperative risk is part of the strategies implemented with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality in the surgical population in the world. Although there is no established definition, high perioperative risk is associated with the group of patients with the highest disease burden. Objective: To determine postoperative mortality and its associated factors in patients with high perioperative risk. Methods: Analytical observational cohort study of high perioperative risk patients included in the database (n = 843) of the anesthesia program in a high complexity hospital in Colombia, between January 2011 and April 2018. Pre and postoperative variables were analyzed using uni and multivariate logistic regression per protocol. Overall and stratified mortality were estimated and factors associated with their occurrence were analyzed. Finally, survival was analyzed, the primary outcome being overall cohort mortality and stratified high cardiovascular risk mortality. Results: Cumulative 7-day mortality was 3.68% (95% CI 2.40-4.95%) and 30-day mortality was 10.08% (95% CI 8.05-12.12%). Perioperative mortality in the high cardiovascular risk group in the first 7 days was 3.60% (95% CI 1.13-6.07%) and 14.86% (95% CI 10.15-19.58%) at 30 days. The following preoperative variables were associated with mortality: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, limited functional class and abdominal aortic aneurysm. A strong association was observed between postoperative complications and a significant increase in mortality rate; the most relevant complications were cerebrovascular events and cardiogenic shock. Conclusions: In this group of high perioperative risk patients, and in the subgroup of high cardiovascular risk patients, overall mortality at 7 and at 30 days was estimated to be above values reported in various countries. Mortality was significantly increased by the presence of preoperative factors and postoperative complications.

Resumen Introducción: La determinación del riesgo perioperatorio hace parte de las estrategias de reducción de la morbimortalidad en la población quirúrgica mundial. El alto riesgo perioperatorio, a pesar de no tener una definición establecida, corresponde al grupo con mayor carga de enfermedad. Objetivo: Establecer la mortalidad posoperatoria en pacientes de alto riesgo perioperatorio y sus factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico con diseño de cohorte, que incluyó pacientes del programa de anestesiología de alto riesgo perioperatorio de un hospital de alta complejidad en Colombia. Base de datos compuesta por n = 843, entre enero de 2011 y abril de 2018. Se analizaron variables pre y posoperatorias mediante regresión logística uni y multivariada por protocolo. Se calculó la mortalidad global y estratificada y se analizaron factores asociados a su ocurrencia. Finalmente, se realizó análisis de supervivencia. El desenlace primario fue la mortalidad global de la cohorte y la mortalidad estratificada para el alto riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: La mortalidad acumulada a los primeros 7 días fue de 3,68 % (IC 95 %; 2,40 %-4,95 %) y a los 30 días 10,08 % (IC 95 %; 8,05 %-12,12 %). La mortalidad perioperatoria en el grupo de alto riesgo cardiovascular a los primeros 7 días fue de 3,60 % (IC 95 %; 1,13 %-6,07 %) y a los 30 días 14,86 % (IC 95 %; 10,15 %-19,58 %). Las siguientes variables preoperatorias estuvieron asociadas a la mortalidad: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, enfermedad renal crónica, clase funcional limitada y aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Se observó una fuerte asociación entre complicaciones posoperatorias y un significativo incremento de la tasa de mortalidad; los más relevantes fueron el evento cerebro-vascular y el choque cardiogénico. Conclusiones: En este grupo de pacientes de alto riesgo perioperatorio, la mortalidad global a los 7 días y a los 30 días, y en el subgrupo de alto riesgo cardiovascular, se estimó por encima de los valores reportados en diversos países. La presencia de factores preoperatorios y las complicaciones posoperatorias aumentaron significativamente la mortalidad.

Effect of COVID-19 on Shoulder Arthroplasty at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New York City / Efeito da COVID-19 na artroplastia de ombro em um centro médico terciário na cidade de Nova York

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented pause in elective surgeries, including shoulder arthroplasty. We sought to determine whether clinical and/or demographic differences would be seen between patients who presented for shoulder arthroplasty during the pandemic compared with the previous year (2019). Methods Institutional records were queried for patients who underwent shoulder replacement between March 1 and July 1 of 2019 and 2020. Demographics, range of motion, surgical duration, hospitalization time, discharge disposition, and postoperative management were analyzed. Results The mean duration of surgery was 160 ± 50 minutes in 2020 and 179 ± 54 minutes in 2019 (p= 0.13). The mean hospitalization time was 36 ± 13 hours in 2020 and 51 ± 40 hours in 2019 (p= 0.04). In 2019, 96% of the patients participated in physical therapy, while 71% did it in 2020 (p= 0.003). A total of 100% of the 2019 patients and 86% of the 2020 patients participated in an in-person postoperative follow-up (p= 0.006). The 2019 patients reported for an office visit on average 14 ± 11 days after surgery; the 2020 patients waited 25 ± 25 days to return for a follow-up (p= 0.10). Range of motion, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, and complication rates did not differ between the cohorts. Conclusion Patients presenting for surgery during the initial phase of the pandemic were demographically and clinically similar to 2019 patients. However, the length of stay was significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Postoperative follow-up and physical therapy were delayed in 2020, but this did not lead to differences in complication or readmission rates compared with those of the 2019 cohort. Level of EvidenceIII.

Resumo Objetivo A pandemia de COVID-19 causou uma pausa sem precedentes em cirurgias eletivas, inclusive artroplastia de ombro. Procuramos determinar as possíveis diferenças clínicas e/ou demográficas entre os pacientes que realizaram artroplastia de ombro durante a pandemia em comparação com o ano anterior (2019). Métodos Os registros institucionais foram consultados para obtenção de informações sobre pacientes submetidos a artroplastia de ombro entre 1° de março a 1° de julho de 2019 e 2020. Dados demográficos, amplitude de movimento, duração da cirurgia, tempo de hospitalização, condições à alta e manejo pós-operatório foram analisados. Resultados O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 160 ± 50 minutos em 2020 e de 179 ± 54 minutos em 2019 (p= 0,13). O tempo médio de internação foi de 36 ± 13 horas em 2020 e de 51 ± 40 horas em 2019 (p= 0,04). Em 2019, 96% dos pacientes fizeram fisioterapia, enquanto 71% o fizeram em 2020 (p= 0,003). Todos os pacientes de 2019 e 86% dos pacientes de 2020 participaram do acompanhamento pós-operatório presencial (p= 0,006). Os pacientes de 2019 retornaram para a consulta médica em média 14 ± 11 dias após a cirurgia; os pacientes de 2020 retornaram para o acompanhamento em 25 ± 25 dias (p= 0,10). A amplitude de movimento, a idade, a pontuação da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA, na sigla em inglês) e as taxas de complicações não diferiram entre as coortes. Conclusão Os pacientes submetidos a cirurgia na fase inicial da pandemia eram demográfica e clinicamente semelhantes aos pacientes de 2019. No entanto, o tempo de internação diminuiu de forma significativa durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O acompanhamento pós-operatório e a fisioterapia foram adiados em 2020, mas isso não levou a diferenças nas taxas de complicações ou de reinternações em comparação às da coorte de 2019. Nível de EvidênciaIII.

Use of Impella Devices for Acute Cardiogenic Shock in the Perioperative Period of Cardiac Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Impella ventricular support system is a device that can be inserted percutaneously or directly across the aortic valve to unload the left ventricle. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Impella devices in patients with acute cardiogenic shock in the perioperative period of cardiac surgery. Methods: A retrospective single-surgeon review of 11 consecutive patients who underwent placement of Impella devices in the perioperative period of cardiac surgery was performed. Patient records were evaluated for demographics, indications for placement, and postoperative outcomes. Results: Impella devices were placed for refractory cardiogenic shock preoperatively in 6 patients, intraoperatively in 4 patients, and postoperatively as a rescue in 1 patient. Seven patients received Impella CP, 1 Impella RP, 1 Impella CP and RP, and 2 Impella 5.0. Additionally, 3 patients required preoperative venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), and 1 patient required intraoperative venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). All Impella devices were removed 1 to 28 days after implantation. Length of stay in the intensive care unit stay ranged from 2 to 53 days (average 23.9±14.6). The 30-day and 1-year mortality were 0%. Ten of 11 patients were alive at 2 years. Also, 1 patient died 18 months after surgery from complications of coronavirus disease (Covid-19). Device-related complications included varying degrees> of hemolysis in 8 patients (73%) and device malfunction in 1 patient (9%). Conclusions: The Impella ventricular support system can be combined with other mechanical support devices for additional hemodynamic support. All patients demonstrated myocardial recovery with no deaths in the perioperative period and in 1-year of follow-up. Larger studies are necessary to validate these findings.

La recuperación empieza antes de la Cirugía / Recovery starts right before surgery / A recuperação começa antes da cirurgia

Un paciente que se somete a una cirugía mayor se enfrenta a un factor estresante importante. Dependiendo de la mag nitud de la cirugía, la respuesta al estrés quirúrgico puede alterar los procesos metabólicos y la homeostasis. A pesar de cualquier complicación quirúrgica, se ha demostrado que las cirugías mayores reducen la capacidad fisiológica y funcional del individuo. Al mismo tiempo, la inactividad y el reposo en cama pueden inducir una rápida atrofia muscular. Estas consecuencias se asocian a perores resultados quirúrgicos. La pre-habilitación quirúrgica es un enfoque innovador en el campo de la medicina que busca mejorar los resultados de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía mediante la optimización de su estado físico y mental antes de la intervención quirúrgica. A diferencia de la rehabilitación, que se lleva a cabo después de la cirugía para ayudar en la recuperación, la pre-habilitación se realiza antes de la operación con el objetivo de preparar al paciente de manera integral. El objetivo principal de la pre-habilitación quirúrgica es minimizar los efectos negativos de la cirugía, acelerar la recuperación y mejorar la calidad de vida después de la intervención. Para lograr esto, se implementan diferentes intervenciones multidisciplinarias que abordan aspectos físicos, emocionales y nutricionales del paciente. En este artículo, exploramos el concepto de prehabilitación como una herramienta eficaz para mejorar los resultados de las intervenciones quirúrgicas. Discutimos diferentes estrategias y enfoques que pueden implementarse como parte de la prehabilitación quirúrgica, con el objetivo de minimizar complicaciones, acelerar la recuperación y mejorar la calidad de vida postoperatoria. Además, examinamos la evidencia actual disponible y resaltamos la necesidad de futuras investigaciones para validar y ampliar el conocimiento sobre esta prometedora área en la medicina perioperatoria.

Patients undergoing major surgery face an important stress factor. Depending on the significance of the surgery, response to surgical stress may alter metabolic processes and surgical stress response. Despite any surgical complication, there is evidence that major surgeries reduce the physiological and functional capacity of individuals. Simultaneously, inactivity and bed rest may result in rapid muscle atrophy. These consequences are often associated to worsened surgical outcome. Prehabilitation in patients undergoing surgery constitutes an innovative approach in the field of medicine that seeks to improve surgical outcome of patients by optimizing their physical and mental conditions before surgery. Unlike rehabilitation that takes place after surgery to contribute to recovery, prehabilitation is done before surgery and aims to the comprehensive preparation of patients. The main objective of surgical prehabilitation is to minimize the negative effects of surgery, accelerate recovery and improve the quality of life after surgery. To that end, different multidisciplinary interventions are applied to address physical, emotional and nutritional aspects of patients. The study explores the concept of rehabilitation as an effective tool to improve patient's outcome after surgery. Different strategies and approaches that may be implemented as part of surgical rehabilitation are discussed, with the purpose of minimizing complications, accelerating recovery and improving postoperative quality of life. Besides, the study analyzes current evidence available and emphasize on the need to conduct further research to validate and amplify knowledge on this promising area o perioperative medicine.

Um paciente submetido a uma cirurgia de grande porte enfrenta um grande estressor. Dependendo da magnitude da cirurgia, a resposta ao estresse cirúrgico pode alterar os processos metabólicos e a homeostase. Independentemente das possíveis complicações cirúrgicas, as cirurgias de grande porte demonstraram reduzir a capacidade fisiológica e funcional do indivíduo. Ao mesmo tempo, a inatividade e o repouso no leito podem induzir uma rápida atrofia muscular. Essas consequências estão associadas a piores resultados cirúrgicos. A pré-habilitação cirúrgica é uma abordagem inovadora na área da medicina que busca melhorar os resultados dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia, otimizando seu estado físico e mental antes da cirurgia. Ao contrário da reabilitação, que é realizada após a cirurgia para auxiliar na recuperação, a pré-habilitação é realizada antes da operação com o objetivo de preparar o paciente de forma integral. O principal objetivo da pré-habilitação cirúrgica é minimizar os efeitos negativos da cirurgia, acelerar a recuperação e melhorar a qualidade de vida após a cirurgia. Para conseguir isso, são implementadas diferentes intervenções multidisciplinares que abordam aspectos físicos, emocionais e nutricionais do paciente. Neste artigo, exploramos o conceito de pré-habilitação como uma ferramenta eficaz para melhorar os resultados das intervenções cirúrgicas. Discutimos diferentes estratégias e abordagens que podem ser implementadas como parte da pré-habilitação cirúrgica, com o objetivo de minimizar complicações, acelerar a recuperação e melhorar a qualidade de vida pós-operatória. Além disso, revisamos as evidências atualmente disponíveis e destacamos a necessidade de pesquisas futuras para validar e expandir o conhecimento sobre essa promissora área da medicina perioperatória.

Tranexamic acid in adolescent scoliosis surgery: a systematic review / ácido tranexâmico na cirurgia de escoliose em adolescentes: revisão sistemática / ácido tranexámico en la cirugía de escoliosis en adolescentes: revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the impact of perioperative blood loss reduction and blood transfusion rate in patients undergoing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction surgery and to correlate these results with the different doses of tranexamic acid used in the literature. Ten databases (BVS, COCHRANE, EBSCOHOST, EMBASE, EPISTEMONIKOS, PROQUEST, PUBMED PMC, PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE) were searched to find studies on the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in idiopathic scoliosis surgery. The mean differences in bleeding and transfusions were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 17 studies with 1608 patients were included in the evaluation, demonstrating an Odds Ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 0.8-4.3) as a measure of association for the risk of bleeding and transfusion in the control group (non-users of tranexamic acid), efficiency in reducing bleeding (p=0.03). Additionally, a mean reduction in bleeding of approximately 700 ml was observed. There was no statistical difference between the doses used. The systematic review showed that tranexamic acid effectively reduces bleeding and the need for transfusions, but there were no significant differences in the results between different doses of tranexamic acid. Level of Evidence II; Systematic Review.

RESUMO: O Objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura com finalidade de avaliar o impacto da redução de sangramento perioperatório e taxa de transfusão sanguínea em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de correção de escoliose idiopática do adolescente, e correlacionar esses resultados com as diferentes doses de ácido tranexâmico utilizadas na literatura. Foram pesquisados dez bancos de dados BVS, COCHRANE, EBSCOHOST, EMBASE, EPISTEMONIKOS, PROQUEST, PUBMED PMC, PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE para encontrar estudos sobre a eficácia do ácido tranexâmico em cirurgia de escoliose idiopática. As diferenças médias de sangramento e transfusões foram combinadas usando uma meta-análise de efeito aleatório. Um total de 17 estudos com 1608 pacientes foi incluso na avaliação. Demonstrando Odds Ratio 2,8 (95% IC: 0,8-4,3) como medida de associação para risco de sangramento e transfusão no grupo de pacientes controle (não usuários de ácido tranexâmico), eficiência na redução de sangramento (p = 0,03). Ainda, verificou-se uma redução média no sangramento de aproximadamente 700 ml. Não houve diferença estatísticas entre as doses utilizadas. A revisão sistemática mostrou que o ácido tranexâmico é eficaz na redução do sangramento e na necessidade de transfusões, mas não houve diferenças significativas nos resultados entre diferentes doses de ácido tranexâmico. Nível de Evidência II; Revisão Sistemática.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura con el fin de evaluar el impacto de la reducción del sangrado perioperatorio y la tasa de transfusión sanguínea en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de corrección de escoliosis idiopática en adolescentes, y correlacionar estos resultados con las diferentes dosis de ácido tranexámico utilizadas en la literatura. Se investigó en diez bases de datos: BVS, COCHRANE, EBSCOHOST, EMBASE, EPISTEMONIKOS, PROQUEST, PUBMED PMC, PUBMED, SCOPUS y WEB OF SCIENCE para encontrar estudios sobre la eficacia del ácido tranexámico en la cirugía de escoliosis idiopática. Las diferencias medias de sangrado y transfusiones se combinaron utilizando un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios. Un total de 17 estudios con 1608 pacientes fue incluido en la evaluación, demostrando una Odds Ratio de 2,8 (IC del 95%: 0,8-4,3) como medida de asociación para el riesgo de sangrado y transfusión en el grupo de control (no usuarios de ácido tranexámico) y eficacia en la reducción del sangrado (p = 0,03). Además, se observó una reducción promedio en el sangrado de aproximadamente 700 ml. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre las dosis utilizadas. La revisión sistemática mostró que el ácido tranexámico es efectivo en la reducción del sangrado y la necesidad de transfusiones, pero no hubo diferencias significativas en los resultados entre las diferentes dosis de ácido tranexámico. Level of Evidence II; Systematic Review.

Redo Total Aortic Arch Replacement in Patients with Aortic Dissection After Open-Heart Surgery and Long-Term Follow-Up Results

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objectives of this study were to investigate the main treatment strategies and long-term follow-up results of aortic dissection surgery after open-heart surgery (ADSOHS) and to analyze the risk factors that cause ADSOHS. Methods: One hundred thirty-seven patients with ADSOHS hospitalized in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were selected as the research object. Long-term follow-up results, complications, mortality, and changes of cardiac function before and after operation were used to explore the value of Sun's operation. Results: The length of stay in intensive care unit of these 137 patients ranged from 9.5 to 623.75 hours (average of 76.41±97.29 hours), auxiliary ventilation time ranged from 6.0 to 259.83 hours (average of 46.16±55.59 hours), and hospital stay ranged from six to 85 days (average of 25.06±13.04 days). There were seven cases of postoperative low cardiac output, 18 cases of coma and stroke, and six cases of transient neurological dysfunction. A total of 33 patients died; 19 patients died during the perioperative period, 18 died during Sun's operation and one died during other operation; and 14 patients died during follow-up (January 2021), 12 cases of Sun's operation and two cases of other operations. Conclusion: ADSOHS treatment strategy is of high application value, and the risk of neurological complications and mortality is low. The main risk factors are postoperative low cardiac output, coma, stroke, and transient neurological dysfunction. The extracorporeal circulation time is relatively long. Short- and long-term follow-up effects are good, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Assistência perioperatória de enfermagem voltada à segurança do paciente cirúrgico: uma revisão integrativa / Perioperative nursing care aimed at surgical patient safety: an integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica as práticas assistenciais de enfermagem perioperatória que visam à segurança do paciente cirúrgico. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada no mês de dezembro de 2022, com busca por estudos primários nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), da National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scopus e Embase, com recorte temporal de cinco anos. Resultados: Após leitura e análise, seis artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Em síntese, eles abordam três grupos de práticas assistenciais realizadas a fim de promover a segurança do paciente, a saber: aplicar a lista de verificação de segurança em cirurgia; usar escala preditiva a formação de lesão por pressão; e planejar a assistência por meio de protocolos. Conclusão: A utilização de instrumentos que sistematizem as ações, tais como listas de verificação, escalas de cuidados e protocolos são práticas assistenciais que oportunizam a segurança do paciente cirúrgico em período perioperatório, reduzindo assim possíveis eventos adversos no período

Objective: To identify, in the scientific literature, the perioperative nursing care practices aimed at the surgical patient safety. Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in December 2022, with a search for primary studies in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases, with a five-year time frame. Results: After reading and analysis, we included six articles in the review. In short, they address three groups of care practices carried out to promote patient safety, namely: applying the checklist for safety in surgery; using the predictive risk scale for developing pressure ulcer; and planning the provision of care by using protocols. Conclusion: Using instruments that systematize actions, such as checklists, care scales, and protocols, are care practices that provide surgical patient safety in the perioperative period, thus reducing possible adverse events in the period

Nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team for prevention of nutritional deficits and morbidity following esophagectomy

This study evaluated the effects of perioperative nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team on nutrition and postoperative complications of patients with esophageal cancer. A total of 239 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction for esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer between February 2019 and February 2020 were included in the study. They were divided into the experimental group (120 patients) and the control group (119 patients) using the random number table method. Control group patients received routine diet management and experimental group patients received perioperative nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team. The differences of nutriture and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared. At 3 and 7 days after surgery, the experimental group patients had higher total protein and albumin levels (P<0.05), shorter postoperative anal exhaust time (P<0.05), lower incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal adverse reactions, pneumonia, anastomotic fistula, hypoproteinemia (P<0.05), and lower hospitalization costs (P<0.05) than the control group. Nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team effectively improved the nutriture of patients, promoted the rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, reduced postoperative complications, and reduced hospitalization costs.

Venous thromboembolism-related factors of inpatients with plastic surgery in perioperative period / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the related factors of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in inpatients of plastic surgery and to take individualized preventive measures to reduce the incidence of perioperative VTE in clinical practice.Methods:From January 2021 to June 2021, 127 patients without VTE were hospitalized in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, including 72 males and 55 females, aged 18-88 (62.2±14.0) years. The patients were divided into 23 cases in the VTE group and 104 cases in the non-VTE group according to whether VTE occurred in the perioperative period. The general data, etiology, underlying diseases, treatment modalities and blood indexes of the two groups were analyzed to summarize the independent influencing factors of VTE occurring in the perioperative period in plastic surgery.Results:Age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic skin ulcers, and length of surgery were risk factors associated with the development of perioperative VTE, (χ 2/ t=17.77, 8.24, 5.22, 25.55, 2.82, P<0.05). BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2, general anaesthesia and short braking days were independent factors influencing the development of VTE in the perioperative period in plastic surgery inpatients, OR values were 8.908, 13.197, 0.042; P<0.05, respectively. Conclusions:BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 and general anaesthesia are the independent risk factors of plastic surgery in perioperative period developing VTE, short braking days is a protective factor against VTE in the perioperative period of plastic surgery. Clinicians should adequately assess the occurrence of perioperative VTE in plastic surgery inpatients and give early and individualized preventive measures.