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Geriatric giants account for the five most prevalent morbidities that cause immense decline in functional capacity and decreased quality of life. Immobility, instability leading to falls and fractures, incontinence, impaired cognition (dementia) and iatrogenesis affect majority of the ageing elderly leading to dependency, caregiving and associated burden among caregivers. Concept of non-pharmacological interventions in dementia care: interventions that involve non-pharmacological (non-medicinal) measures, have proven benefits to the people living with dementia (PLWD). music therapy, nature therapy that involves nature walks and living amidst natural spaces, have shown to have immense biophilia effects on the various organ systems in the human body. Immense health benefits have been documented among PLWD: dawn phenomenon is a clinical phenomenon where the PLWD experiences agitation, aggression and loud speech in the evenings associated with dementia. Out of all the seven studies published, there were significant improvements in mood, reduction in aggressive behavior, improving anxiety symptoms, reducing caregiver burnout and improving overall quality of life of the people living with dementia and their caregivers. With promising results among various interventional studies across the world, NPI is an important intervention with minimal to nil side effects with long term benefits on frequent administration.
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Objective:To search and summarize the evidence for the non-pharmacological management of delirium of critically ill patients in PICU, and to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence pyramid model, we searched computerized decision support system, websites of guidelines, and databases, and obtained the guidelines, clinical decisions, systematic reviews, and evidence summaries.After screening the articles, two researchers independently appraise articles using validated tools, and finally formed the evidence summary of delirium non-pharmacological management of critically ill patients in PICU.Results:Totally six articles were included for the evidence synthesis, including three guidelines, two systematic reviews, and one expert advice.Twenty pieces of evidence including four aspects were summarized, namely delirium screening, risk prediction, non-pharmacological prevention and management strategies, health care provider education and departmental standardization.Conclusion:The evidence summarized in this study can provide a reference to health care professionals.When we apply this evidence in the clinical setting, we should adapt it accordingly to the specific clinical setting to improve the effectiveness of the evidence.
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Introdução: As intervenções não farmacológicas consistem em quaisquer medidas ou ações, que não o uso de vacinas ou medicamentos, que podem ser implementadas para retardar a disseminação de determinada doença infecciosa na população. Objetivo: Fornecer evidências científicas relacionadas às intervenções não farmacológicas que conferem a prevenção de síndrome gripal na comunidade. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura realizada nas bases de dados, Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science e, no que tange à literatura cinzenta, uma busca adicional foi realizada no Google Scholar. A busca eletrônica foi realizada no dia 06 de setembro de 2021. Os critérios de inclusão foram ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliassem a eficácia de intervenções não farmacológicas na comunidade para a prevenção da disseminação de síndrome gripal. A avaliação do risco de viés foi realizada por meio da ferramenta Risk of Bias 2.0. A síntese dos resultados foi apresentada de modo qualitativo. A síntese quantitativa (estatística) dos resultados não foi possível, devido à acentuada heterogeneidade de configurações metodológicas, bem como as qualidades metodológicas dos ensaios clínicos randomizados. Resultados: Foram compilados 34 ensaios clínicos randomizados. A avaliação metodológica demostrou que a maioria dos ensaios apresentam falhas na sua condução. No tocante aos países onde as intervenções foram utilizadas, destacam-se Estados Unidos da América, China e Espanha, respectivamente; e de acordo com o local onde foram realizadas - em domicílios, em escolas, em creches, em residências universitárias e em ambiente comunitário. Com relação à situação epidemiológica, observa-se que 13 estudos foram realizados no período sazonal de influenza, 11 estudos em períodos pontuais, cinco estudos em períodos pandêmicos por SARS-CoV-2, quatro estudos em períodos concomitantes e um estudo durante a pandemia de influenza. A respeito da infecção avaliada, observa-se estudos que avaliam infecções respiratórias agudas, influenza e COVID-19. Dos 34 ensaios clínicos, 30 avaliaram intervenções individuais, dois intervenção individual e ambiental, uma intervenção individual e comunitária; e um ensaio clínico avaliou uma intervenção comunitária. Intervenções individuais: máscara facial; higiene das mãos com água e sabão, com formulação à base de álcool, com cloreto benzalcônio; etiqueta respiratória; e limpeza nasal asséptica. Intervenções comunitárias: triagem, ventilação do ar, campanha publicitária (distanciamento social). Intervenção ambiental: limpeza de superfície. Conclusão: Algumas intervenções não farmacológicas individuais (higiene das mãos com água e sabão, higiene das mãos com formulação à base de álcool, etiqueta respiratória e limpeza nasal antisséptica) e ambientais não têm momento para início da implementação, elas devem se tornar cultural, pois são mais simples e de baixo custo. Essas intervenções e outras, como o uso de máscara facial, devem ser incentivadas durante os períodos sazonais desses vírus, considerando as particularidades de subgrupos populacionais, para prevenir maior disseminação. As intervenções combinadas (individuais/comunitárias e individuais/ambientais) potencializam os efeitos na redução da síndrome gripal e das infecções respiratórias agudas. Ressalta-se que as intervenções não farmacológicas representam a primeira escolha na prevenção da disseminação microbiana, são determinantes no controle das doenças e, de forma articulada, necessita da vacinação para minimizar os impactos deletérios na comunidade.
Introduction: Non-pharmacological interventions consist of any measures or actions, other than the use of vaccines or drugs, that can be implemented to delay the spread of a certain infectious disease in the population. Objective: To provide scientific evidence related to non-pharmacological interventions that prevent the flu syndrome in the community. Method: Systematic review of the literature carried out in the databases Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and, regarding the gray literature, an additional search was performed on Google Scholar. The electronic search was performed on September 6, 2021. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the community to prevent the spread of flu-like illness. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The synthesis of the results was presented in a qualitative way. The quantitative (statistical) synthesis of the results was not possible, due to the marked heterogeneity of methodological settings, as well as the methodological qualities of the randomized clinical trials. Results: 34 randomized clinical trials were compiled. The methodological evaluation showed that most of the trials have flaws in their conduction. With regard to the countries where the interventions were used, the United States of America, China and Spain, respectively, stand out. According to the place where they were carried out, at home, in schools, in day care centers, in university residences and in a community environment. Regarding the epidemiological situation, it is observed that 13 studies were carried out in the seasonal period of influenza, 11 studies in specific periods, five studies in pandemic periods due to SARS-CoV-2, four studies in concomitant periods and one study during the pandemic of influenza. Regarding the evaluated infection, there are studies that evaluate acute respiratory infections, influenza and COVID-19. Of the 34 clinical trials, 30 evaluated individual interventions, two individual and environmental intervention, one individual and community intervention; and a clinical trial evaluated a community intervention. Individual interventions: face mask; hand hygiene with soapy water, with alcohol-based formulation, with benzalkonium chloride; respiratory etiquette; and aseptic nasal cleaning. Community interventions: triage, air ventilation, publicity campaign (social distancing). Environmental intervention: surface cleaning. Conclusion: Some individual non-pharmacological interventions (hand hygiene with soap and water, hand hygiene with alcohol-based chemical formulation, respiratory etiquette and antiseptic nasal cleaning) and environmental do not have a time to start implementation, they must become cultural, because they are simpler and of low cost. These interventions, and others such as the use of a face mask, should be encouraged during the seasonal periods of these viruses, taking into account the particularities of population subgroups, to prevent further spread. Combined interventions (individual/community and individual/environmental) potentiate the effects in reducing flu syndrome and acute respiratory infections. It should be noted that non-pharmacological interventions represent the first choice in preventing microbial dissemination, are crucial in disease control and, in an articulated way, require vaccination to minimize deleterious impacts on the community.
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Humanos , Influenza Humana , Modelos de Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality during pregnancy. Data sources A search was made in the NCBI/PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, BVS, and Web of Science databases. There were no limitations regarding language, sample size, and type of non-pharmacological intervention. We have included prospective clinical trials between July 2014 and July 2019. Selection of studies This study was registered in the Prospective International Registration of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database was performed. Publication bias was also assessed with funnel plots. the primary outcome was the total score in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after intervention. Risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used for assessing methodological quality. From the 28 retrieved studies, we have selected 8 for qualitative analysis and 6 for meta-analysis. Data collection Two independent reviewers performed the study selection. In the case of disagreement, a third senior reviewer was consulted. The study was initially assessed based on the title, followed by abstract. Lastly, the full text was assessed to be included. Data Synthesis A significant improvement on the sleep quality (PSQI score) was observed when all interventions were grouped (MD = -3.03, 95%CI -4.15 to -1.92, n= 623, i2= 84%, p< 0.001). Analysis by subgroup (music listening: MD = -1.96, 95% CI -3.27 to -0.65, n= 207, i2= 67%, p= 0.003 and other interventions: MD = -3.66, 95% CI -4.93 to -2.40, n= 416, i2 = 80%, p< 0.001) showed an improvement, with high heterogeneity. Risk of bias has shown performance and detection bias for almost studies, and GRADE evidence was very low for all analyzed variables. Conclusion Non-pharmacological interventions—listening to music, physical exercise, relaxation exercises, lettuce seed, sleep hygiene, and acupressure—are effective for improving sleep quality during pregnancy.
Resumo Objetivo Investigar o efeito de intervenções não-farmacológicas para melhorar a qualidade do sono durante a gravidez. Fontes dos dados Uma busca foi feita nas bases de dados NBCI/PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, BVS, e Web of Science. Não houve limitações quanto ao idioma, tamanho da amostra e tipo de intervenção não-farmacológica. Incluímos estudos clínicos prospectivos entre julho de 2014 e julho de 2019. Seleção dos estudos Foi realizado um registro no banco de dados Prospective International Registration of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). O viés de publicação foi avaliado com gráficos de funil. O desfecho primário foi a pontuação total do Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) antes e depois da intervenção. O risco de viés e os critérios Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) foram usados para avaliar a qualidade metodológica. Dos 28 estudos encontrados, selecionamos 8 para análise qualitativa e 6 para a metanálise. Coleta de dados Dois revisores independentes realizaram a seleção dos estudos. Em caso de discordância, um terceiro revisor foi consultado. Inicialmente o estudo foi avaliado com base no título e resumo. Para a inclusão, foi avaliado o texto completo. Síntese dos dados Uma melhora significativa na qualidade do sono (PSQI score) foi observada quando todas as intervenções foram agrupadas (MD = -3.03, 95% CI -4.15 a -1.92, n= 623, i2= 84%, p< 0.001). A análise por subgrupo (escutar música: MD = -1.96, 95% CI -3.27 a -0.65, n= 207, i2= 67%, p= 0.003 e outras intervenções: MD = -3.66, 95% CI -4.93 a -2.40, n= 416, i2 = 80%, p< 0.001) também mostrou uma melhora da qualidade do sono, porém com alta heterogeneidade. A análise do risco de viés mostrou que quase todos os estudos avaliados apresentaram viés de desempenho e detecção, e o nível de evidência GRADE foi muito baixo para todas as variáveis analisadas. Conclusão Intervenções não-farmacológicas - ouvir música, exercícios físicos, exercícios de relaxamento, sementes de alface, higiene do sono e acupressão - são eficazes para melhorar a qualidade do sono durante a gravidez.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Qualidade do SonoRESUMO
Objective:To evaluate and rank the effects of different non-pharmaceutical interventions on the management of blood glucose in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes by Bayesian network Meta-analysis.Methods:Computer search for PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Network, Wangfang Data and VIP Database, China and the United States Clinical Registration Center, the search time limit is from the establishment of each database to December 2020. Use WinBUGS, GeMTC, Stata software for blood glucose management data analysis.Results:Finally, 37 articles were included, with a total of 4 188 cases, involving 14 non-pharmaceutical intervention programs. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that when different non-pharmacological interventions were used, the effectiveness of blood glucose management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was ranked as follows: peer support education first, cognitive behavioral therapy second, advanced diabetes education third, family support intervention fourth, self guided intervention (GSD-Y) fifth, case training sixth, positive psychological intervention seventh, mobile phone based remote intervention eighth, diabetes education ninth, supportive consultation tenth, network based remote intervention eleventh position, multi-system therapy multi system therapy twelfth, conventional nursing thirteenth, motivational interview fourteenth.Conclusions:The available evidence shows that peer support education and cognitive behavioral therapy show certain advantages in blood glucose management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, while motivational interviews perform the worst. Future research will further consider other potential benefits of non-pharmacological interventions, such as emotional health and diabetes self-management behavior.
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OB JECTIVE To conduct overview of the systematic revi ew（SR）/meta-analysis for the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological interventions for hospitalized neconatal pain ， and to provide evidence-based reference for neonatal pain management. METHODS CNKI，CBM，Wanfang，VIP，PubMed，Embase，the Cochrane Library ，Web of Science ，CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched for SR/meta-analysis of pharmacological interventions for hospitalized neonatal pain. The search period was from Nov. 1st，2016-Nov. 1st，2021. After literature screening and data extraction ，AMSTAR 2 scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature ，and GRADE method was used to assess the evidence quality of the outcome of the include d literature . A su mmary analysis was then conducted. RESULTS Totally 36 outcome indexes of 7 SR/ meta-analysis were included. Five studies were of moderate quality，and two were very poor according to AMSTAR 2 scale. GRADE results showed that among 36 outcome indexes，there were 7 moderate-quality indexes （19.44％），low-quality indexes （61.11％），and 7 critically-low-quality indexes （19.44％）. The main reason for downgrading the quality of evidence was impr ecision of results （71.74％）. CONCLUSIONS Opioids c an significantly reduce t he pain score of mechanically ventilated neonates but may increase hypotension. Acetaminophen can significantly reduce pain scores during eye examinations and postoperative morphine consumption with no adverse reaction report. However ，its analgesic effect on procedural pain is less than glucose and sucrose. Lidocaine and prilocaine and tetracaine may relieve venipuncture and lumbar puncture pain but lidocaine and prilocaine may increase the risk of adverse reaction. Clonidine can reduce neonatal mechanical ventilation pain with no adverse reaction report. It is suggested that neonatal pediatricians should use analgesic drugs selectively based on clinical judgment and pain assessment results.
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Objective:To re-evaluate the quality of methodology and outcome indicators for systematic reviews/meta-analysis about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting(CINV).Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM for systematic reviews/meta-analysis on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical intervention in the prevention or treatment of CINV from inception to May 2021 were searched. The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated by the AMSTAR 2 quality evaluation tool, and the quality of the evidence for the outcome indicators was evaluated by GRADE system.Results:A total of 24 articles were included, 7 of the AMSTAR 2 quality evaluation results were low-level, and the remaining 17 were all very low-level. The main defects were the lack of preliminary study design scheme, incomplete search strategy, no list of excluded literature, and no report of included research funding sources, etc. Only 1 of the outcome indicators was classified as high quality, 7 were classified as intermediate, and the rest were low or very low quality.Conclusions:Methodological quality and strength of evidence of systematic reviews/meta-analysis on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical intervention for CINV are generally low, and the reliability of research results is poor. It is necessary to design scientific and rigorous high-quality RCTs and systematic reviews to further verify the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the future.
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Objective:To search, evaluate and summarize the best evidence for non-pharmaceutical therapy of cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence model, systematically searched relevant domestic and foreign guideline networks and databases to collect relevant evidences, including clinical decision support, guidelines, evidence summaries, and systematic reviews. Retrieval time from the establishment of the database to August 2021. After evaluating the quality of the literature, we extracted and summarized relevant evidence.Results:A total of 18 articles were included in this study, including 1 clinical decision support, 4 clinical practice guidelines, 5 evidence summarie and 8 systematic reviews. 25 pieces of best evidence were summarized, involving non-pharmacological interventions in 7 aspects: health education, exercise intervention, psychosocial intervention, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, nutritional support, sleep therapy and bright white light therapy.Conclusions:It is recommended that medical staff should combine clinical practice, scientifically select the best evidence and use evidence-based management scheme for cancer-related fatigue to reduce cancer-related fatigue and improve patients′ life quality.
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Resumen En el curso de la demencia, la etapa avanzada se caracteriza por un deterioro cognitivo y físico severo, definiéndola como una etapa que incluye profundos déficits de memoria, habilidades verbales mínimas, incapacidad para deambular de forma independiente, incontinencia urinaria y fecal, y necesidad de asistencia para realizar cualquier actividad de la vida diaria básica. El presente reporte tiene por objeto comunicar un caso de una usuaria con 89 años con demencia avanzada que acude a control neurológico en compañía de su familia, quienes solicitan información de cómo mejorar la calidad de vida en esa etapa. Describimos una propuesta desde el enfoque de cuidados paliativos, específicamente la concepción terapéutica activa, como una guía que permita observar a la persona no sólo desde el buen morir, sino también desde la incorporación de una actitud proactiva en función del bienestar. Este enfoque permite facilitar experiencias placenteras, definidas dentro del marco de intervenciones no farmacológicas, las cuales han demostrado en la última década importantes beneficios en personas con demencia avanzada, permitiendo individualizar las estrategias de intervención en esta etapa de la enfermedad.
In the course of dementia, the advanced stage is characterized by severe cognitive and physical impairment, defining it as a stage that includes deep memory deficits, minimal verbal skills, inability to walk independently, need of assistance to perform any basic daily life activity and urinary and fecal incontinence. The aim of this report is to describe a case of a 89-year-old woman with Advanced Dementia who goes to neurological control in the company of her family, who request information on how to improve the quality of life at this stage. We describe a proposal of palliative care approach, specifically the active therapeutic conception, as a guide that allows to observe the person not only from the good dying, but also from the incorporation of a proactive attitude in function of well-being. This approach allows to facilitate pleasurable experiences, defined within the framework of Nonpharmacological intervention, which have shown important benefits in people with advanced dementia in the last decade, allowing the identification of intervention strategies in this stage of the disease.
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Demência/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Resumen A lo largo de la historia, el ser humano ha buscado mejorar y tratar las diferentes patologías mentales. Con los avances en investigación, actualmente hay una amplia variedad de opciones terapéuticas que pueden resultar un factor de confusión a la hora de escoger el tratamiento más adecuado para combatir el trastorno depresivo. Por tanto, en el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de las principales opciones de tratamiento para la depresión con el fin de brindar pautas que mejoren la toma de decisiones al abordar esta patología.
Abstract Throughout history, the human being has sought to improve and treat different mental pathologies, with advances in research, currently there is a wide variety of therapeutic options that can be a confounding factor when choosing the most appropriate treatment. This paper reviews the main treatment options for depression in order to provide guidelines that improve decision-making when addressing this pathology.
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Humanos , Depressão , Transtorno Depressivo , Antidepressivos , Transtorno Depressivo/prevenção & controle , Tratamento FarmacológicoRESUMO
RESUMEN La pandemia por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) parece estar en un momento crítico en 2021. A la esperanzadora llegada de las vacunas se opone la emergencia de variantes del virus más agresivas. En Argentina comenzó la segunda ola, con 29 472 casos el 16 de abril de 2021. En el país se dispone de vacunas, aunque en cantidad insuficiente para alcanzar la inmunidad de rebaño. En consecuencia, urge diseñar estrategias sobre la base de intervenciones no farmacológicas para disminuir los casos mientras avanza la campaña de vacunación. En este artículo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva sobre intervenciones de este tipo utilizadas en diferentes lugares del mundo.
ABSTRACT He severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic appears to be at a critical juncture in 2021. The hopeful arrival of vaccines is opposed by the emergence of more aggressive variants of the virus. The second wave began in Argentina, with 29,472 cases on April 16, 2021. Vaccines are available in the country, although in insufficient quantity to achieve herd immunity. Consequently, it is urgent to design strategies based on non-pharmacological interventions to reduce cases while the vaccination campaign progresses. In this article, a descriptive bibliographic review is carried out on interventions of this type? used in different parts of the world.
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Abstract@#Globally, non-pharmacological interventions, such as keeping social distance and wearing masks, are the primary prevention and control strategy in the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The successful development and the urgency use of the COVID-19 vaccines in some countries brings a new stage of combining immunization with non-pharmacological interventions in the fight with COVID-19. For the shortage of vaccines, the immunization strategies vary in countries. To end the pandemic, 47%-85% of the population should be immunized with effective COVID-19 vaccines, thus we should boost the yield of vaccines, formulate scientific immunization strategies, promote the mass immunization, improve the willingness of vaccination, and increase the equity of vaccine allocation; meanwhile, we should strengthen the surveillance of virus variation, vaccine effectiveness and safety, and keep on the vaccine research to copy with the potential threat of the virus variation.
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Aims:To studysocietal determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) and elaborate the role of community pharmacist for its management. Study Design:To investigatethe societal determinants of anemia, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Muzaffarabad district of AJK, Pakistan.Methodology:We collected the data from 384 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) having at least one child using a self-constructed interview schedule.The population sample size was calculated using Krejcie formula and purposive sampling was used for data collection. Two hospitals, Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences and combined military hospital Muzaffarabad were selected for blood samples to screen the hemoglobin (Hb) level of the respondents and data collection. Univariate analysis was performed to examine the frequency distributions and percentages of cases depending on a single variable at a time. The bivariate analysis was performed usingchi-square test to determine empirical relationship between the anemia severity and socio-cultural risk factors of this ailment. The odd ratios were computed to investigate the odds of occurrence of anemia among respondents. The results were considered statistically significant at significance level ≤ 0.05. Results:The findings revealed that prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia are 26.3%, 40.9% and 14.3% respectively among WRA, which showsthat anemia is a significant health problem from public health perspective in the region. Major contributing factors are respondent’s and her husband’s education, age at marriage, number of pregnancies, knowledge about balanced diet and anemia, male preference in food intake and violence.Conclusion:Anemia is a multifactorial problem among WRA in the study population, which can be dealt with using an integrated approach by combating malnutrition, provision of adequate healthcare, quality education and devising strategies for avoiding domestic violence. The community pharmacists can play an effective role to educate people about the selection of iron supplementation for adequate management of anemia among WRA
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RESUMEN Las opciones terapéuticas son limitadas para los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada que se vuelven refractarios a las terapias farmacológicas convencionales. Conocer las alternativas no farmacológicas en el tratamiento de estos enfermos resulta imprescindible en su evaluación integral, y es la segunda opción terapéutica en este grupo de enfermos cada vez más prevalentes.
ABSTRACT Therapeutic options are limited for patients with advanced heart failure who become refractory to conventional drug therapies. Knowing the non-pharmacological alternatives in the management of these patients is essential in their comprehensive evaluation, and it is the second therapeutic option in this group of increasingly prevalent patients.
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Terapêutica , Insuficiência CardíacaRESUMO
El dolor es una experiencia sensorial y emocional desagradable producida por daño tisular potencial o real y descrito de esta forma por el individuo que lo padece. Sin embargo, los recién nacidos no lo pueden comunicar, esto significa que la experiencia de dolor es subjetiva e implica la expresión de un componente emocional. El estrés es una amenaza real o percibida como tal, provocando una alteración del equilibrio dinámico entre el organismo y el medio. El estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar conocimiento e intervenciones no farmacológicas del profesional de enfermería para reducir dolor y estrés neonatal en el Hospital de Clínicas - Paraguay en el 2016. La investigación fue observacional, descriptiva, corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. La población constó de 36 licenciados en enfermería seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. El método fue la encuesta, empleando como técnica la entrevista, el instrumento fue el cuestionario. Los datos fueron tabulados en planillas electrónicas Microsoft Excel 2010, interpretados por Epi Info 7.2.0.1., a partir de los resultados se construyeron tablas y gráficos elaborados en Microsoft Excel. La mayoría tenía entre 31 y 40 años de edad, predominaba el sexo femenino, y tenía una antigüedad de entre 1 a 10 años. Se identificó que un reducido grupo conocía las intervenciones no farmacológicas para reducir el dolor y el estrés, y la gran mayoría las realizaba. Estos resultados reflejan la carencia en la base de los conocimientos y la adquisición empírica de las prácticas(AU)
Pain is a disgusting sensorial and emotional experience, produced by potential or real tissue damage, and described in that way by the person who suffers. Nevertheless, newborns cannot communicate it. This means that pain experience is subjective and implies the expression of an emotional component. Stress is a real threat or perceived as such, provoking a disturbance on the dynamic equilibrium between the organism and the medium. The study had as objective to determinate the knowledge and non-pharmacological interventions of the professional nurse in order to reduce neonatal pain and stress at the Hospital de Clínicas in Paraguay during 2016. This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. The population consisted of 36 nurses which were selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The method was the survey, using the interview and the questionnaire as the instrument. The data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel 2010 electronic spreadsheets and analyzed by Epi Info 7.2.0.1. Then, tables and graphics were developed from the results elaborated in Microsoft Excel. The majority was between 31 and 40 years old, females predominated and has between 1 to 10 year careers. It was identified that a reduced group knew non-pharmacological interventions and a high percentage practiced them. These results reflect knowledge deficiency and empirical acquisition of practices(AU)