Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae Ethanolic Leaves Extract Reverses Phenylhydrazine Induced Haematological Alterations in Albino Wistar Rats

Introduction: Phenylhydrazine has been used in many studies to evaluate its modulatory effects in various biochemical parameters in whole blood and red blood cell lysate. Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae have high antioxidants properties; its leaves phytochemical analysis shows the presence of flavonoids, tanins, terpenoids, saponis. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae on phenylhydrazine induced haematological alterations in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes (180-200g) were divided into 4 groups (n=5). Group 1 received rat chow; Group 2 received (200 mg/kg) of J. tanjorensis orally. Group 3 received phenylhydrazine only (10 mg/kg). Group 4 received phenylhydrazine (10 mg/kg) + J. tanjorensis (250 mg/kg). All animals were allowed free access to clean drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum for 35 days. After which animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical analysis. Results: Results obtained showed that phenylhydrazine induced normochromic anemia with significant increase in white blood cell count, and neutrophil counts, eosinophils (insignificant) count with a significant reduction in lymphocyte count. However, J. tanjorensis extract reversed the adverse haematological changes induced by phenylhydrazine. Conclusion: In conclusion, Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombotic effects and reversed the haematological alterations brought upon by phenylhydrazine administration.

Honey Attenuates Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hematotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees using nectar from flowers. Due to its complex chemical composition, it has been widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. Thepresent study evaluated the protective role of honey in attenuating phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats with a weight range of 200-250g were used for the study. They were allocated into four (4) groups consisting of five (5) rats each. In the first phase of the experiment, animals in group I (control) received distilled water while animals in groups II, III and IV received 2ml of 15, 30 and 60% honey respectively by oral gavage. In the second phase, haematotoxicity and oxidative stress were induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) at 50 mg/kg to all twenty (20) animals, daily for two (days). The animals continued to receive distilled water and honey as in phase one. Blood collected from animals was analyzed for haematological and oxidative stress parameters following standard laboratory procedures. Results from the present study show significantly increased packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell, total white blood cell and neutrophil counts among the experimental groups compared to the control (p<0.05). Also, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels increased among the honey-supplemented experimental groups compared while malondialdehyde levels reduced compared to the control (P<0.05). The study concludes that oral supplementation of honey may have protected against phenylhydrazine-induced toxicity as evidenced by increased packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell and neutrophile counts, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well reduced malondialdehyde. The present evidence suggests that honey could attenuate haematotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by phenylhydrazine.

Hyperbilirubinemia models caused by hemolysis in newborn rhesus monkeys / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To establish the newborn rhesus monkey model of hemolytic hyperbilirnbinemia and provide an experimental basic model for research of hyperbilirubinemia.Methods Sixteen 3-day old newborn rhesus monkeys were divided into experimental group and control group,with 8 newborn rhesus monkeys in each group.Eight newborn rhesus monkeys in experimental group were treated with intravenous injection of l0 g/L phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) to establish model of homolytic hyperbilirubinemia.The newborn rhesus monkeys in control group were treated with intravenous injection of 9 g/L saline at the same time.Twenty-four hours and 48 hours after the experimental treatment,the bilirubin in blood was detected to evaluate the models,and the clinical manifestations of newborn rhesus monkeys with hyperbilirubinemia were recorded by using monitoring equipment.The brain slices were made to evaluate the model in 1 dead monkeys of experimental group.Results The newborn rhesus monkey of experimental group showed obvious skin,sclera jaundice and hemoglobinuria.The serum total bilirubin [(252.76 ± 63.42) μmol/L],unconjugated bilirubin[(165.85 ±44.93) pmol/L] and conjugated bilirubin [(87.16 ±21.22) μmol/L] in the experimental group were significantly higher than those [(20.62 ± 5.72) μmol/L,(7.93 ± 2.31) μmol/L,(12.51 ± 3.53) μmol/L] in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (t =14.581,13.881,14.040,all P ＜ 0.01).The level of hemoglobin [(47.18 ± 10.09) μmol/L] in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(136.85 ± 13.48) μmol/L],and the difference was statistically significant (t =-21.308,P ＜ 0.01).The results of pathological showed brain edema,rupture and eosinophilic and bilirubin deposition in the basal nuclei,and necrosis appeared in some severe parts.And there were different degrees of retardation and coordination disorders in the experimental group(s) newborn rhesus monkeys,but gradually returned to normal in 4 months later.Conclusion Intravenous injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride can be used to produce newborn rhesus monkey models of hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.

A Novel Decrease of Mrp3 Protein in Liver of β-Thalassemic Mouse.

Background: Hepatocytes have a fundamental system of efflux proteins that protect cells from toxic insults. Unconjugated bilirubin at higher concentration is toxic to cells and its intracellular accumulation is limited by the induction of efflux proteins such as Mrp3. In vivo studies showed an induction of hepatic Mrp3 expression in response to non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia as a compensatory mechanism to reduce UCB toxicity. Study Design: In the present study, we analyzed the hepatic Mrp3 expression profile during hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia. We used β-thalassemic mouse and WT rodents treated with phenylhydrazine as an animal model of chronic and acute hemolysis, respectively. Results: Unexpectedly, Mrp3 protein was 75% down-regulated in β-thalassemic mouse although Mrp3 mRNA was normal. Mrp3 mRNA was significantly induced in PHZ treated animals while again; Mrp3 protein was 60% down-regulated. Conclusion: For the first time we observed a clear down-regulation for hepatic Mrp3 protein that linked to hemolysis, not to bilirubin. We hypothesize that a similar decrease for hepatic Mrp3 proteins is occur in hemolytic patients such as β-thalassemia.

Establishment and evaluation of a neonatal rat model of hyperbilirubinemia caused by hemolysis / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To establish and evaluate a reliable and highly reproducible neonatal rat model of hyper-bilirubinemia and to provide an experimental basis for research of kernicterus and related mechanism of neuroinjury.Meth-ods Sixty 7-day old SD rats (28 male and 32 female) were used in this study.Three doses of phenylhydrazine hydrochlo-ride (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected respectively to the neonatal rats to establish models of hyper-bilirubinemia induced by hemolysis.The control group was set up at the same time.48 hours after the experimental treat-ment, the bilirubin in blood and brain tissue, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) of brain tissue, and hemoglobin were detec-ted to evaluate the models.Results Compared with the control group, the bilirubin in the blood and brain tissue and the brain tissue NSE in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05).Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride can be used to produce neonatal rat mod-els of hyperbilirubinemia, mimicking the clinical features of this disease, and 50 mg/kg of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride is the best concentration.It is an ideal method to establish newborn rat models of hyperbilirubinemia.

Characterization of Bioactive Components of Gossypium barbadense L. with Hematinic Potential in Wister Albino Rats.

Aims: To ascertain the hematinic potential and bioactive compounds in Gossypium barbadense. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and Department of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria between February, 2013 and July, 2014. Methodology: Forty eight (48) apparently healthy albino rats weighing (150-200g) were grouped in to seven groups of five rats each. Thirteen rats were used for the G. barbadense toxicity test. Hemolytic anemia was induced using Phenylhydrazine (10mg/kg bw). Different doses (100mg/ml, 200mg/ml, and 400mg/ml) of G. barbadense were administered with periodic evaluation of Haematological indices (Hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume, Red Blood Cells and reticulocyte count). Bioferon (0.23ml/kg b.w) was used as the standard drug. Synergistic Thin layer Chromatography and Column Chromatography were used to purify the plant extract. Gas Chromatography linked with Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used in the Characterization of purified fraction. Results: The level of Hb (g/dl) was found to increase in a dose dependent manner (100mg-12.17g/dl, 200mg-12.60g/dl and 400mg-12.87 g/dl), likewise RBC (4.31, 4.41 and 4.72) and PCV (43.35%, 43.49%, 43.65%). Characterization revealed the presence of 19 compounds. Conclusion: G. barbadense resulted in HB, RBC and PCV boost, owing to inherent bioactive component.

Erythropoietic and bone marrow stimulating activity of terminalia catappa extract: Possible role of nitric oxide signaling.

Aims: We assessed the capacity and mechanism of Terminalia catappa (TC) to induce erythropoiesis in vivo in phenylhydrazine- induced anemic mice. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: This study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biotechnology Research and Training Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, and National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria. The duration spanned between Jan 2011 and Feb 2012. Methodology: Solvent fractions of Terminalia catappa aqueous extract was used to treat phynylhydrazine-induced anemic mice. Treatment was done for four days, erythropoietic activity of each fraction was assayed by determining the effect of these fractions on intracellular hemoglobin and reticulocyte level from the blood, arginase was also assayed. Bone marrow carbonic anhydrase was assayed to monitor bone marrow erythropoietic stimulation. Results: Terminalia catappa was able to up-regulate the synthesis of intracellular hemoglobin (0.135 ±0.004 μmol/0.1ml) significantly comparable to hydroxyurea (HU) (0.158±0.006 μmol/0.1ml), and normalize the peripheral blood reticulocyte index significantly at P<.05 0.94±0.25% close to the non anemic mice 0.97±0.25% and bone marrow carbonic anhydrase activity. TC inhibited arginase activity significantly (P<.05) comparable to hydroxyurea. Conclusion: The results demonstrate Terminalia catappa extract as an erythropoietic agent that supports normal erythroid differentiation in vivo in phenylhydrazine- induced anemic mice in a synergistic fashion.

Rapid Determination of Trace Formaldehyde in Drinking Water by Oscilloscopic Polarography / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study a rapid method for determination of trace formaldehyde in drinking water by oscilloscopic polarography.Methods In the base solution of0.01mol/L H 3 PO 4 ,the reaction product of formaldehyde and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on the drop mercury electrode revealed a sensitive second order derivative polarographic wave at a pick electric potential-0.76V(VS?SCE).The optimum conditions and interference by other coexisting ions were analyzed.Results The de-tection limit,linear range,recovery rate,relative standard deviation(RSD)of the method were0.002mg /L,0.005-0.25mg /L,94.0%-103.0%,and0.05).Conclusion The method was simple,rapid,sensitive and highly specific.The analytical speed was about 50-60samples /h,which was suitable for the determination of trace formaldehyde in drinking water.