Sex Determination Using Direct Photography Technique: a Mobile-phone Camera: A Digital Approach for Lip Prints Analysis in Malaysian Malay Population (Klang Valley) (Penentuan Jantina Menggunakan Teknik Fotografi Terus: Kamera telefon bimbit: Pendekatan Digital untuk Analisis Cetakan Bibir dalam Penduduk Melayu Malaysia (Lembah Klang) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Cheiloscopy may not be as well-known as other techniques of identification, such as fingerprint or DNA analysis, but it has its own impact in the appropriate circumstances. Cheiloscopy has been recognized as an important tool for human identification. A manual approach of studying lip prints was utilised by many researchers (magnifying glasses). Nonetheless, the current study relied solely on a mobile phone camera to visually capture lip prints for sex determination. 377 samples of lip prints were analysed with Adobe Photoshop software and classified into six different types of lip print patterns, according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classifications. Lip prints were divided into six sections including upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower left, lower middle and lower right. Pearson's Chi-square test revealed significant differences between male and female lip prints (p < 0.05) among the Malaysian Malay population of the Klang Valley, with Type V (irregular pattern) lip prints being the most prevalent. In comparison to magnifying glasses, our studies proved the ability to record and examine lip prints utilising a digital approach.

Sedentary behavior in young adults using ecological momentary assessment: an image observation protocol / Comportamento sedentário em adultos jovens por avaliação momentânea ecológica: protocolo de observação por imagem

ABSTRACT New ways to obtain information on sedentary behavior (SB) have recently been explored. This study aimed at assessing the self-reported posture agreement by using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). The images were sent by an observation protocol created in a form that would be answered via the mobile phone of young adults. The bank of images was provided by 41 university students. Such images were obtained from a project carried out in 2019, which was based on the taxonomy of sedentary behavior. The following positions were assessed: sitting, lying/reclining and standing, comparing the images provided with the self-reported SB by using EMA, which was collected via cell phone. The agreement was assessed by two researchers independently. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics, Student's t test, chi-squared test, and Cohen's k in SPSS 25 with P<0.05. The inter-rater reliability was strong/substantial, that is, 87.6% (rater 1; k = 0.696) and 88.6% (rater 2; k = 0.720). The image observation protocol created in an electronic form could discriminate the behavior adopted by the participants, as well as it could be used independently, only for recording EMA and/or the image/photograph.

RESUMO Novas formas de se obter informações sobre o comportamento sedentário (CS) têm sido exploradas recentemente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a concordância da postura auto-relatada por meio da Avaliação Momentânea Ecológica (AME). As imagens foram enviadas por meio de um protocolo de observação criado em um formulário respondido pelo telefone celular de adultos jovens. Foi utilizado um banco de imagens fornecido por 41 universitários, obtidas por um projeto realizado em 2019 com base na taxonomia do comportamento sedentário. As seguintes posições foram analisadas: sentada, deitado/reclinado ou em pé, comparando a imagem fornecida com o CS auto-reportado por meio da AME, que foi coletada por telefone celular. A concordância foi realizada por dois pesquisadores de modo independente. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, t de Student, qui-quadrado e k de Cohen no SPSS 25 com P<0,05. A concordância entre os avaliadores foi forte/substancial de 87,6% (avaliador 1; k = 0,696) e de 88,6% (avaliador 2; k = 0,720). O protocolo de observação por imagem criado por formulário eletrônico conseguiu discriminar o comportamento adotado pelos participantes, bem como viável de ser utilizado de modo independente, somente para o registro da AME e/ou da imagem/fotografia.

Clinical photographic and radiological correlation in patients with scoliosis / Correlação clínica fotográfica e radiológica em pacientes com escoliose / Correlación clínica fotográfica y radiológica em pacientes com escoliosis

ABSTRACT Objective: The study correlates angular radiographic measurements and measurements from photographs of the trunk of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: a cross-sectional study of 10 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and indication for surgical treatment in follow-up in the spine sector of HCRFMRP-USP. They were evaluated through measurements taken from clinical photographs of the patient's torso and angles on panoramic radiographs of the spine. Results: only the correlation between the axilla angle (AHA) and the proximal thoracic curve and main thoracic curve was observed in the sample studied. No correlation was observed between the other compared variables. The study was carried out in a sample with a small number of patients, whose objective was to carry out a pilot study to explore this topic. Conclusion: the analysis of deformities should consider the aesthetic aspect and radiographic evaluation; however, in this study, no statistical correlation was observed between these parameters. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series Study.

RESUMO: Objetivo: O estudo correlaciona as mensurações radiográficas angulares e as mensurações oriundas das fotografias do tronco de pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente. Métodos: estudo transversal de 10 pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente e com indicação de tratamento cirúrgico, em seguimento no setor de coluna vertebral do HCRFMRP-USP. Foram avaliados por meio de mensurações das fotografias clínicas do tronco dos pacientes e mensurações dos ângulos nas radiografias panorâmicas da coluna. Resultados: na amostra estudada foi observada somente a correlação entre o ângulo axila (AHA) e a curva torácica proximal e curva torácica principal. Não foi observado correlação entre as demais variáveis comparadas. O estudo foi realizado em amostra com pequeno número de pacientes, cujo objetivo era a realização de estudo piloto para explorar esse tópico. Conclusão: a análise das deformidades deve considerar o aspecto estético e avaliação radiográfica, porem neste estudo não foi observado correlação estatística entre estes parâmetros. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudo de Série de Casos.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: El estudio correlaciona medidas radiográficas angulares y medidas de fotografías del tronco de pacientes con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente. Métodos: estudio transversal de 10 pacientes con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente y con indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico, en seguimiento en el sector de columna del HCRFMRP-USP. Se evaluaron mediante medidas tomadas de fotografías clínicas del torso de los pacientes y medidas de ángulos en radiografías panorámicas de la columna vertebral. Resultados: en la muestra estudiada solo se observó la correlación entre el ángulo axilar (AHA) y la curva torácica proximal y torácica principal. No se observó correlación entre las otras variables comparadas. El estudio se realizó en una muestra con un número reducido de pacientes, cuyo objetivo fue realizar un estudio piloto para explorar este tema. Conclusión: el análisis de las deformidades debe considerar el aspecto estético y la evaluación radiográfica, sin embargo, en este estudio no se observó correlación estadística entre estos parámetros. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudio de Serie de Casos.

Quando ela olhou a pandemia: uma fotografia, incontáveis filmes / Cuando ella miró la pandemia: una fotografía, innumerables películas / When she looked at the pandemic: one photograph, countless movies

Resumo O impacto sensorial e afetivo de uma fotografia em uma matéria jornalística pode mitigar a mensagem da lide e até mesmo o conteúdo da reportagem como um todo, com potencial para conduzir o leitor a um sem-número de histórias paralelas. Essas histórias podem se imbricar no tema explorado pela mídia, mas também podem se expandir para várias outras questões, memórias, eventos, autores, desvelando para o leitor outras camadas situacionais que transcendem a esfera da simples leitura conduzindo à reflexividade. Este texto tem, portanto, a pretensão de refletir detidamente acerca das iniquidades em saúde, em especial em relação à distribuição de vacinas contra a Covid-19 no planeta, por meio de uma imagem publicada pela France Presse em uma matéria sobre um dia com recorde de aplicação de doses dessa vacina na Índia. (AU)

Resumen El impacto sensorial y afectivo de una fotografía en un artículo periodístico puede mitigar el mensaje de la lid e incluso el contenido del reportaje como un todo, con potencial para conducir al lector a un sinnúmero de historias paralelas. Esas historias pueden adentrar en el tema explorado por los medios, pero también pueden expandirse hacia otras preguntas, memorias, eventos y autores, revelando al lector otras capas situacionales que trascienden la esfera de la simple lectura, conduciendo a la reflexión. Por lo tanto, este texto tiene la pretensión de reflexionar detenidamente sobre las inequidades en salud, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la distribución de vacunas contra la Covid-19 en el planeta, a partir de una imagen publicada por France Presse en un artículo sobre un día con récord de aplicación de dosis de la vacuna contra la Covid-19 en la India. (AU)

Abstract The sensory and affective impact of a photograph in a news story may mitigate the message of the headline and even the content of the story as a whole, with the potential to lead the reader to countless parallel stories. These stories can be imbricated to the theme explored by the media, but can also expand to several other issues, memories, events, authors unveiling to the reader other situational layers that transcend the sphere of simple reading leading to reflexivity. This text has, therefore, the intention to reflect at length about the inequities in health, especially in relation to the distribution of vaccines against Covid-19 on the planet, from an image published by France Presse in a story about a day with record application of doses of the vaccine against Covid-19 in India. (AU)

Ethics, COVID-19 and nursing vulnerability: analysis of photographs released by the media / Ética, COVID-19 y vulnerabilidad de enfermería: análisis de fotografías difundidas por los medios / Ética, COVID-19 e vulnerabilidade da enfermagem: análise de fotografias divulgadas pela mídia

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze nursing vulnerability through photos released by the media amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a documentary study, with a qualitative approach. The object of analysis were photographic images selected between January 2020 and March 2021, published by the main news portals in countries such as Brazil, the United States, France, Spain, England and Germany. Thematic categorical analysis was the method of analysis used. Results: we found 74 photographs that portrayed nursing professionals in different work situations. It was possible to identify stigma and social devaluation about this class's representation and professional attribution. Moreover, we found an underrepresentation of black professionals in Brazilian portals and the man as the prominent figure in the spaces of claims. Final Considerations: the photographs represented an important tool for the social analysis of nursing vulnerability, favoring the unveiling of situations that may go unnoticed by nursing and society.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la vulnerabilidad de la enfermería a través de fotos difundidas por los medios de comunicación en el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: estudio documental, con abordaje cualitativo. El objeto de análisis fueron imágenes fotográficas seleccionadas entre enero de 2020 y marzo de 2021, publicadas por los principales portales de noticias de países como Brasil, Estados Unidos, Francia, España, Inglaterra y Alemania. El análisis categórico temático fue el método de análisis utilizado. Resultados: se encontraron 74 fotografías que retrataban a profesionales de enfermería en diferentes situaciones de trabajo. Fue posible identificar el estigma y la desvalorización social sobre la representación y atribución profesional de esta clase. Además, se constató una subrepresentación de los profesionales negros en los portales brasileños y del hombre como figura destacada en los espacios de reclamos. Consideraciones Finales: las fotografías representaron una importante herramienta para el análisis social de la vulnerabilidad de la enfermería, favoreciendo el develamiento de situaciones que pueden pasar desapercibidas por la enfermería y la sociedad.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a vulnerabilidade da enfermagem por meio de fotos divulgadas pela mídia no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo documental, com abordagem qualitativa. O objeto de análise foram imagens fotográficas selecionadas entre janeiro de 2020 e março de 2021, veiculadas pelos principais portais de notícia de países, como Brasil, Estados Unidos, França, Espanha, Inglaterra e Alemanha. A análise categorial temática foi o método de análise utilizado. Resultados: foram encontradas 74 fotografias que retratavam profissionais de enfermagem em diferentes situações de trabalho. Pôde-se identificar o estigma e a desvalorização social acerca da representação e atribuição profissional desta classe. Além disso, foi constatada uma sub-representação de profissionais negras nos portais brasileiros e o homem como a figura de destaque nos espaços de reivindicações. Considerações Finais: as fotografias representaram importante ferramenta para análise social da vulnerabilidade da enfermagem, favorecendo o desvelar de situações que podem passar despercebidas pela profissão e sociedade.

Evaluation of multi-classification method of color fundus photograph quality based on ResNet50-OC / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of ResNet50-OC model based on deep learning for multiple classification of color fundus photographs.Methods:The proprietary dataset (PD) collected in July 2018 in BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and EyePACS dataset were included.The included images were classified into five types of high quality, underexposure, overexposure, blurred edges and lens flare according to clinical ophthalmologists.There were 1 000 images (800 from EyePACS and 200 from PD) for each type in the training dataset and 500 images (400 from EyePACS and 100 from PD) for each type in the testing dataset.There were 5 000 images in the training dataset and 2 500 images in the testing dataset.All images were normalized and augmented.The transfer learning method was used to initialize the parameters of the network model, on the basis of which the current mainstream deep learning classification networks (VGG, Inception-resnet-v2, ResNet, DenseNet) were compared.The optimal network ResNet50 with best accuracy and Micro F1 value was selected as the main network of the classification model in this study.In the training process, the One-Cycle strategy was introduced to accelerate the model convergence speed to obtain the optimal model ResNet50-OC.ResNet50-OC was applied to multi-class classification of fundus image quality.The accuracy and Micro F1 value of multi-classification of color fundus photographs by ResNet50 and ResNet50-OC were evaluated.Results:The multi-classification accuracy and Micro F1 values of color fundus photographs of ResNet50 were significantly higher than those of VGG, Inception-resnet-v2, ResNet34 and DenseNet.The accuracy of multi-classification of fundus photographs in the ResNet50-OC model was 98.77% after 15 rounds of training, which was higher than 98.76% of the ResNet50 model after 50 rounds of training.The Micro F1 value of multi-classification of retinal images in ResNet50-OC model was 98.78% after 15 rounds of training, which was the same as that of ResNet50 model after 50 rounds of training.Conclusions:The proposed ResNet50-OC model can be accurate and effective in the multi-classification of color fundus photograph quality.One-Cycle strategy can reduce the frequency of training and improve the classification efficiency.

Aspectos éticos de la toma y el uso de la fotografía en la práctica pediátrica / Ethical aspects of taking and using photographs in pediatric medical practice

Desde los inicios de la medicina, la reproducción de imágenes de pacientes, ya sea con fines didácticos o de compartir experiencias, fue considerada una práctica habitual en el quehacer médico. La aparición de la fotografía facilitó y generalizó enormemente esta práctica dentro de los equipos de salud. Las imágenes de los pacientes requieren el mismo consentimiento y garantías de confidencialidad que otras partes del registro médico. Se remarca la importancia del consentimiento informado. Se considera la responsabilidad legal de estos actos.

From the beginning of medicine, the reproduction of patients' images, initially as drawings, either for didactic purposes or to share experiences, were common in medical practice. Photography greatly facilitated and generalized this practice within health teams. The images of the affected patients need the same consents and guarantees of confidentiality as any other parts of the medical record, so the importance of obtaining informed consent is highlighted. Beyond ethical aspects, professionals have to take into account the legal responsibility involved in carrying out this act.

Aesthetics of the invisible and androgyny: the dissolution of the symbolic unit of belonging as a reflection for physical education / Estética do invisível e androginia: a dissolução da unidade simbólica de pertencimento como reflexão à educação física

ABSTRACT The interest in conducting this study stems from the visibility that non-binary individuals acquire in different spaces, including in artistic manifestations that invite one to dialogue. An example is the event "Visible Bodies Multilanguage Exhibition: Art and Diversity", which promoted a public debate around the theme. It included a photographic exhibition entitled "Aesthetics of the Invisible", from which we selected two images to be interpreted, discussing some senses linked to their compositions: "Ensaio disfarce para o fim do mundo" and "Meu corpo criação", henceforth referred to as "Disguised Rehearsal for the End of the World" and "My Creation Body", respectively. The method is inspired on the anthropology of image. It requires that interpretation goes beyond the content of the photographs to encompass aspects tied to their production and exhibition. Results show that both images overcome the authoritarian discourse, representing individuals who refuse to submit themselves to current identity processes. They express a mode of suffering that is translated into a symptom by the dissolution of the symbolic unit of belonging. The elements that constitute them evoke notions of divinity, power, resistance and transformation. In addition to changing subjectivities, the photographs illuminate the rise of a new paradigm that defies conventions and brings about changes in different fields, especially in those that act directly on the body.

RESUMO O interesse pela realização do estudo parte da visibilidade que indivíduos não binários adquirem em diferentes espaços, inclusive em manifestações artísticas que convidam ao diálogo. Um exemplo é o evento "Mostra de Multilinguagens Corpos Visíveis: arte e diversidade", que promoveu um debate público envolvendo a temática. A mesma comportou a exposição fotográfica "Estética do Invisível", de onde selecionamos duas imagens, com o objetivo de interpretá-las, discutindo alguns sentidos atrelados às suas composições. Trata-se daquelas intituladas "Ensaio disfarce para o fim do mundo" e "Meu corpo criação". O método é inspirado na antropologia da imagem. O mesmo exige que a interpretação supere o conteúdo das fotografias e considere aspectos ligados à sua produção e exibição. Os resultados apontam que ambas as imagens superam o discurso autoritário, representando indivíduos que recusam se submeter aos processos identitários vigentes. Elas expressam um modo de sofrimento, que se traduz em sintoma pela dissolução da unidade simbólica de pertencimento. Os elementos que as constituem evocam noções de divindade, poder, resistência e transformação. Além de subjetividades cambiantes, as fotografias iluminam o despontar de um novo paradigma que desafia convenções e acarreta mudanças em diferentes campos, principalmente aos que atuam diretamente sobre o corpo.

Imagens na imprensa periódica de ensino e de técnicas da educação física e esporte (1932-1960) / Images from journals focused on physical education and sport teaching and techniques (1932-1960) / Imágenes en la prensa periódica de enseñanza y de técnicas de la educación física y deporte (1932-1960)

Este artigo identifica a natureza das imagens utilizadas pelos periódicos de ensino e de técnicas da Educação Física e esporte (1932-1960) e analisa as intencionalidades editoriais nos seus usos e apropriações (CERTEAU, 2014). Possui abordagem quantiqualitativa do tipo exploratória e assume os pressupostos teóricometodológicos da História Cultural (CHARTIER, 1990). As fontes constituem-se nas matérias com imagens dos periódicos: Revista de Educação Física (1932-1960), Revista Educação Physica (1932-1945) e Revista Brasileira de Educação Física (1944-1952). A análise evidencia duas naturezas de imagens: fotografias e desenhos (ilustração antropomórfica, diagrama, croqui e charge). O uso desses dispositivos de modelização da leitura por parte dos editores visava contribuir com a formação de professores de Educação Física, sob uma perspectiva que privilegiava o fazer para aprender e o aprender fazendo. As imagens faziam parte do projeto editorial desses periódicos, contribuindo para a divulgação e o ensino das práticas da Educação Física

This article identifies the nature of images used by journals focused on Physical Education and Sport teaching and techniques (1932-1960) and analyzes editorial intentions in their uses and appropriations (CERTEAU, 2014). It takes an exploratory quantitativequalitative approach and the theoretical-methodological assumptions of Cultural History (CHARTIER, 1990). Its sources are images from journals: Revista de Educação Física (1932-1960), Revista Educação Physica (1932-1945), and Revista Brasileira de Educação Física (1944-1952). The analysis points to images of two natures: photographs and drawings (anthropomorphic illustrations, diagrams, sketches, and cartoons). The use of these reading modeling devices by editors was intended to contribute to Physical Education teachers' training from a perspective emphasizing doing for learning and learning by doing. The images were part of these journals' editorial projects in order to contribute to disseminate and teach Physical Education practices

Identifica la naturaleza de las imágenes utilizadas por los periódicos de enseñanza y de técnicas de la Educación Física y Deporte (1932-1960) y analiza las intencionalidades editoriales en sus usos y apropiaciones (CERTEAU, 2014). Tiene un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, tipo exploratorio, y asume los supuestos teóricos y metodológicos de la Historia Cultural (CHARTIER, 1990). Las fuentes son las materias con imágenes de los periódicos: Revista de Educação Física (1932-1960), Revista Educação Physica (1932-1945) y Revista Brasileira de Educação Física (1944-1952). El análisis pone en evidencia dos naturalezas de imágenes: fotografías y dibujos (ilustración antropomórfica, diagrama, croquis y humorísticos). El uso de estos dispositivos de modelización de la lectura, por parte de los editores, buscaba contribuir con la formación de profesores de Educación Física, con una perspectiva que privilegiaba el hacer para aprender y el aprender haciendo. Las imágenes formaban parte del proyecto editorial de esos periódicos, ayudando a la divulgación y a la enseñanza de las prácticas de la Educación Física

Clinical validation of RIA-G, an automated optic nerve head analysis software

Purpose: To clinically validate a new automated glaucoma diagnosis software RIA-G. Methods: A double-blinded study was conducted where 229 valid random fundus images were evaluated independently by RIA-G and three expert ophthalmologists. Optic nerve head parameters [vertical and horizontal cup–disc ratio (CDR) and neuroretinal rim (NRR) changes] were quantified. Disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS) staging and presence of glaucoma were noted. The software output was compared with consensus values of ophthalmologists. Results: Mean difference between the vertical CDR output by RIA-G and the ophthalmologists was ? 0.004 ± 0.1. Good agreement and strong correlation existed between the two [interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.79; r = 0.77, P < 0.005]. Mean difference for horizontal CDR was ? 0.07 ± 0.13 with a moderate to strong agreement and correlation (ICC 0.48; r = 0.61, P < 0.05). Experts and RIA-G found a violation of the inferior–superior NRR in 47 and 54 images, respectively (Cohen's kappa = 0.56 ± 0.07). RIA-G accurately detected DDLS in 66.2% cases, while in 93.8% cases, output was within ± 1 stage (ICC 0.51). Sensitivity and specificity of RIA-G to diagnose glaucomatous neuropathy were 82.3% and 91.8%, respectively. Overall agreement between RIA-G and experts for glaucoma diagnosis was good (Cohen's kappa = 0.62 ± 0.07). Overall accuracy of RIA-G to detect glaucomatous neuropathy was 90.3%. A detection error rate of 5% was noted. Conclusion: RIA-G showed good agreement with the experts and proved to be a reliable software for detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The ability to quantify optic nerve head parameters from simple fundus photographs will prove particularly useful in glaucoma screening, where no direct patient–doctor contact is established.

Environment Factors Affecting Childhood Obesity: Voices from Students, Parents, and Teachers with Photograph

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the environmental factors affecting childhood obesity using photovoice from the perspectives of students, parents, and teachers in the community. METHODS: Six school students, seven parents, and seven school teachers completed an assignment requiring them to take 24 pictures and participate in group discussions. After training session, the participants were asked to take pictures associated with food and physical activity environments related to childhood obesity at home, school, and within their communities for two weeks and to submit the pictures with records. Each group had four sessions for discussion. RESULTS: School cafeteria, convenience stores near schools, instant food and fast food joints, food delivery, and high-calorie snacks comprised the food environmental factors. Lack of physical activity classes at school, commuting by car, barriers to physical activity, and use of smart-phone were environmental factors that inhibited physical activity. CONCLUSION: To reduce childhood obesity, the creation of a supportive environment for encouraging the consumption of healthy foods and enhancing physical activity should be considered. Modifications of and improvement to the obesogenic environment might be a good strategy to prevent and reduce childhood obesity.

A novel lesion detection algorithm based on multi-scale input convolutional neural network model for diabetic retinopathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To propose a multi-scale convolutional neural network ( CNN) based lesions detection method of fundus image,and evaluate its application in diabetic retinopathy ( DR) assisted diagnosis. Methods A multi-scale CNN based on lesions detection method of fundus image was proposed. Compared with the existing detection methods,the problem of poor robustness based on threshold segmentation and morphological segmentation was overcome. The idea of multi-scale grids detection without relying on manual pixel-by-pixel labeling was adopted in this algorithm,and the detection performance of small lesions was significantly improved. In addition, multiple DR lesions with high accuracy could be detected by the proposed loss function under the condition of weak labels and small data sets. Results At the level of lesions,the sensitivity and specificity of hard exudation lesions detection were 92. 17％ and 97. 17％,respectively. Compared with single-scale method,the sensitivity and accuracy of multi-scale method proposed in this paper increased by 7. 41％ and 5. 02％,respectively,and compared with other algorithm using the same public dataset IDRiD, the specificity of this algorithm increased by 55. 82％. This method could effectively detect the lesions in fundus images,and could give the basic range of the lesions. The average detection time of fundus images with a large number of lesions was 1. 59 seconds. Conclusions The DR lesions in the fundus image can be quickly and reliably identified,the location information of the lesions can be marked,and the influence of subjective factors can be reduced by using this algorithm, and it can be used to assist the clinician to conduct more effectively.

Digital Approach for Lip Prints Analysis in Malaysian Malay Population (Klang Valley): Photograph on Lipstick-Cellophane Tape Technique / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Personal identification in forensic investigation is not an easy process. Lip print analysis is one of the techniques that can be used to assist in human identification. This study was conducted to investigate the sex based on lip print pattern among Malaysian Malay population in Klang Valley, using photograph on lipstick-cellophane tape technique and the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. A total of 360 subjects (180 males and 180 females) aged 15 and above were included in this study. The lip print was taken by pressing a cellophane tape to the lipstick applied on lip, pasted it onto a plain A4 paper and then photographed using a smart phone camera (OPPO F1). The images were then analysed using Adobe Photoshop software. A lip print image were divided into six sections: upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower right, lower middle and lower left. The Pearson chi-square test showed that there are significant differences between sexes in each section except for the upper middle section. Type V (irregular pattern) was the dominant pattern for the upper left, upper right, lower right and lower left sections (ranging from 71.1% to 86.7% for males and 80.6% to 83.9% for females) while type IV (reticular pattern) was mostly found in upper middle and lower middle section. Malaysian female displayed type V as the dominant lip print pattern in every section (ranging from 39.4% to 83.9%) except upper middle section and for Malaysian male, type V dominated the lip print pattern in all section (ranging from 71.1% to 86.7%) except for the upper and lower middle section. The result of this study can be applied in assisting the human identification for forensic science investigation.

Color assessment in dental prostheses: the use of smartphones as process tools / Tomada de cor em prótese dentária: Uso de celular como auxílio do processo

Accurate color selection of direct or indirect dental restorations is a subjective task. Mobile phones are tools that may minimize color assessment errors. The objective was to use photographs taken with smartphones to guide the dental surgeon in choosing the right color in oral rehabilitation. A tooth was photographed for color assessment and the VITA Toothguide 3D-MASTER® shade guide was used. Photographs were submitted to an image editing software for full saturation removal. Images of the tooth and scale in black and white were compared. This method allowed to select the tooth's value, which is considered the most subjective dimension in color choice. Although it is an auxiliary and complementary method to traditional methods, smartphones are tools capable of reducing the range of color possibilities and minimizing possible failures (AU)

A correta seleção da cor das restaurações dentais diretas ou indiretas é uma atividade subjetiva. Os celulares são ferramentas que podem minimizar os erros da tomada de cor. O objetivo foi utilizar fotografias realizadas com smartphones para orientar o cirurgião-dentista na escolha da cor em reabilitação oral. Foi fotografado um dente para tomada de cor e a escala Vita 3D Master. As imagens foram submetidas a um software de edição de imagem para remoção total da saturação. As imagens em preto e branco do dente e da escala foram comparadas. A metodologia permitiu selecionar o valor do dente que é o aspecto considerado mais subjetivo na escolha da cor. Apesar de ser um método auxiliar e complementar aos métodos tradicionais é uma ferramenta capaz de diminuir o leque de possibilidades de cores e minimizar possíveis falhas (AU)

Photovoice como método de pesquisa para educação em saúde: uma revisão integrativa / Photovoice as a research method in health education: an integrative review

Photovoice é um método de pesquisa onde o participante registra por fotografia suas experiências, analisadas em ciclos de reflexão, avaliação e ação. Objetivou-se analisar publicações que relatem a utilização de photovoice por enfermeiros na educação para saúde. Procedeu-se a uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Medline® CINAHL®, LILACS®, SCOPUS, IBECS, BDENF, CAPES. Foram selecionados 27 estudos, publicados entre 2007 e 2018, identificando-se duas áreas temáticas: Transição saúde-doença e Criação de ambientes favoráveis à saúde. Estudos trouxeram subsídios norteadores de pesquisa em educação para a saúde usando photovoice, tanto para compreender e atuar em diferentes circunstâncias do processo saúde-doença quanto para criar estratégias educacionais favoráveis a ambientes saudáveis. Escassa produção dos enfermeiros brasileiros acerca de photovoice demonstra o desconhecimento das amplas possibilidades do método nas pesquisas de enfermagem, motivando-nos a enfatizar a necessidade de divulgá-la entre os pesquisadores da enfermagem, destacando seus úteis recursos investigativos.

Photovoice is a research method in which participants register their experiences as photographs and analyze them in reflection, evaluation, and action cycles. The objective of the present study was to examine publications that report the use of photovoice by nurses in health education. An integrative literature review was carried out by searching and analyzing data available in the following databases: the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Latin America and Caribbean Center of Health Science Information, Scopus, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, and the Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. Twenty-seven studies published between 2007 and 2018 were selected, in which two subject areas were identified: health-illness transition and creation of health-enabling environments. The studies have guiding resources for research in health education using photovoice, both to understand and act in different circumstances of the health-illness process and to develop educational strategies that enable healthy environments. A scarce production by Brazilian nurses on photovoice shows the lack of knowledge of the possibilities the method offers in nursing studies, which encourages the authors of the present study to emphasize the need to disseminate it among nursing researchers, stressing its useful research features.

Cultura y sociedad: Próspero Calderón y su legado para las artes, letras y publicaciones costarricenses / Culture and society: Prospero Calderón and his legacy for Costa Rican arts, letters and publications

Resumen Próspero Calderón (1862-1934) será el primer costarricense que se dedique a la profesión de editor; asimismo, será fotógrafo, docente, diseñador y precursor de las Artes gráficas en el país. Bajo sus ideales de promoción de la cultura se fundan las primeras publicaciones costarricenses en formato de revista: Costa Rica Ilustrada y Páginas Ilustradas, presentando en sus páginas fotografías de H.N. Rudd, Manuel Gómez Miralles y Amando Céspedes, entre otros, así como textos de Joaquín García Monge, Justo A. Facio, Carmen Lyra y Lisímaco Chavarría. Su aporte es imprescindible en el estudio de la sociedad y del arte costarricense en la transición del s. XIX al s. XX. Por lo anterior, para la realización de esta investigación, se recurrió a la Metodología Histórica, desarrollada a partir de las etapas heurística y hermenéutica, para finalizar con una propuesta teórica bajo la figura de Biografía histórica.

Abstract Prospero Calderón (1862-1934) will be the first Costa Rican to devote himself to the profession of editor; Likewise he will be photographer, teacher, designer and precursor of the graphic arts in the country. Under its ideals for the promotion of culture, the first Costa Rican publications are published in a magazine format: Costa Rica Ilustrada and Páginas Ilustradas, featuring on its pages photographs of H.N. Rudd, Manuel Gómez Miralles and Amando Céspedes, among others, as well as texts by Joaquín García Monje, Justo A. Facio, Carmen Lyra and Lisímaco Chavarría. His contribution is essential in the study of Costa Rican society and art in the transition of the s. XIX to s. XX. In order to carry out this research, was used the Historical Methodology, developed from the heuristic and hermeneutic stages, to conclude with a theoretical proposal under the figure of Historical Biography.

Angular photogrammetric analysis of the soft-tissue facial profile of Indian adults

Soft-tissue analysis has become an important component of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Photographic evaluation of an orthodontic patient is a very close representation of the appearance of the person. The previously established norms for soft-tissue analysis will vary for different ethnic groups. Thus, there is a need to develop soft-tissue facial profile norms pertaining to Indian ethnic groups. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish the angular photogrammetric standards of soft-tissue facial profile for Indian males and females and also to compare sexual dimorphism present between them. Materials and Methods: The lateral profile photographs of 300 random participants (150 males and 150 females) between ages 18 and 25 years were taken and analyzed using FACAD tracing software. Inclusion criteria were angles Class I molar occlusion with acceptable crowding and proclination, normal growth and development with well-aligned dental arches, and full complements of permanent teeth irrespective of third molar status. This study was conducted in Indian population, and samples were taken from various cities across India. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, and sexual dimorphism was evaluated by Student's t-test between males and females. Results: The results of the present study showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) gender difference in 5 parameters out of 12 parameters in Indian population. Conclusion: In the present study, soft-tissue facial measurements were established by means of photogrammetric analysis to facilitate orthodontists to carry out more quantitative evaluation and make disciplined decisions. The mean values obtained can be used for comparison with records of participants with the same characteristics by following this photogrammetric technique.

Both Educational Lectures and Reference Photographs Are Necessary to Improve the Accuracy and Reliability of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Assessment: Results from Korean Nation-Wide PASI Educational Workshop

BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of the severity of psoriasis is important in daily practice and clinical studies. However, the assessment of psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) reflects the physician's experience, and thus evaluations by physicians are inherently subjective, with intra-rater and inter-rater variability. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effectiveness of PASI educational lectures and the use of reference photographs on the improvement of accuracy and reliability in PASI assessments and to develop effective educational programs for PASI assessments. METHODS: We performed a before-and-after comparison study during nation-wide PASI educational workshops. The participants were asked to assess the severity components of PASI (erythema, thickness, scale, and affected area) three times: in the test administered before an educational lecture, the test immediately after the lecture, and lastly the test with the use of reference photographs. The improvement of accuracy and reliability was analyzed by comparing the results of three tests. RESULTS: Ninety-six board-certified dermatologists and residents participated and 72 participants completed all three tests. The accuracy and reliability of the assessment of severity components of PASI increased significantly after the educational lecture and the use of reference photographs. Use of reference photographs resulted in limited improvements when the recognition of three-dimensional structures was required, such as in the assessment of thickness or scale. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that the combination of standardized educational training and reference photographs can improve the accuracy and reliability of PASI assessments. Understanding how to evaluate three-dimensional psoriatic lesions can help with proper assessment of the severity of psoriasis.

Application of SIEMENS Ysio DR amplification in radiation dose reduction / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the application of SIEMENS Ysio DR amplification in the radiation dose reduction. Methods Totally 160 patients with similar heights and body shapes were divided equally into A,B,C and D groups,and then underwent radiological examinations with SIEMENS Ysio DR from September 2014 to May 2016.A and B groups went through right hand AP oblique examination with the same kV while different mAs, and C and D groups had chest posteroanterior examination with different kV and the same mAs. Image quality was regulated with the amplification coefficient, and then evaluated with double-blind method by two senior radiologists.Statistical analysis was executed over the values of mAs in A and B groups and those of kV in C and D groups. Results A group had the mAs value being(2.26 ±0.16)mAs, which was significantly different from that of B group [(4.05±0.19)mAs] (P<0.05);while C group had kV value being (104.79±6.39)kV, which was statistically different from that of D group [(83.48±3.67)kV] (P<0.05). Satisfactory image were obtained by regulation with amplication coefficient.There was no obvious difference between the image quality in either A and B groups or C and D groups(P>0.05).Based on the principle that low mAs resulted in low radiation dose and high kV lead to low effective dose,A group had the radiation dose lower than those of B group,and C group had the effective dose lower than those of D group. Conclusion SIEMENS Ysio DR has the photographing parameters regulated according to different sites and the amplification coefficient for enhancing image quality, which decreases X-ray radiation dose and effective dosage with the diagnosis results unaffected.