Nascer no Brasil II: protocolo de investigação da saúde materna, paterna e da criança no pós-parto / Nacer en Brasil II: protocolo de investigación en salud materna, paterna e infantil posparto / Birth in Brazil II: a postpartum maternal, paternal and child health research protocol

Resumo: A gravidez, o parto e o nascimento são momentos de grandes mudanças na vida das mães e dos pais. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o protocolo da pesquisa para estimar a prevalência dos desfechos em saúde mental nas mães e pais no pós-parto, dos maus tratos e satisfação na atenção ao parto/abortamento, e as inter-relações entre eles e fatores socioeconômicos, obstétricos e da saúde da criança. A pesquisa tem dois componentes: estudo de coorte prospectiva com todas as puérperas entrevistadas nas 465 maternidades incluídas na linha de base da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil II realizada entre 2021 e 2023, e estudo seccional com os companheiros/pais dos bebês. As entrevistas são realizadas por ligação telefônica ou link de autopreenchimento enviado por WhatsApp com as puérperas aos 2 e 4 meses após o parto/aborto. Os companheiros são abordados três meses após o nascimento (excluídos os abortos, natimortos e neomortos), a partir do telefone informado pela puérpera na maternidade. As entrevistas abordam, entre as puérperas, sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, maus-tratos na atenção na maternidade e qualidade do vínculo mãe-bebê. São investigados também a presença de morbidade materna e neonatal, utilização de serviços pós-natais, e satisfação com o atendimento na maternidade. Entre os pais, é abordada a ocorrência de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, e a qualidade do relacionamento com a esposa/companheira e o bebê. As informações coletadas nessa etapa da pesquisa poderão subsidiar o planejamento e melhoria do cuidado voltado para a saúde da tríade mãe-pai-filho após o nascimento.

Resumen: El embarazo, el parto y el nacimiento son momentos de grandes cambios en la vida de madres y padres. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el protocolo de investigación para estimar la prevalencia de los resultados de la salud mental en madres y padres en el posparto, maltratos y la satisfacción durante la atención del parto/aborto, y las interrelaciones entre ellos y los factores socioeconómicos, obstétricos y de salud infantil. La investigación tiene dos componentes: un estudio de cohorte prospectivo con todas las puérperas entrevistadas en las 465 maternidades incluidas en la línea de base de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil II realizada entre 2021 y 2023, y un estudio seccional con las parejas/padres de los bebés. Las entrevistas se efectúan mediante llamada telefónica o enlace de autocumplimentación enviado vía WhatsApp a las puérperas a los 2 y 4 meses después del parto/aborto. El contacto con la pareja se hace a los tres meses del nacimiento (excluyendo abortos, mortinatos y muertes de recién nacidos), a través del teléfono facilitado por la puérpera en la sala de maternidad. Las entrevistas abordan, entre las puérperas, los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y trastorno de estrés postraumático, maltrato durante la atención en la maternidad y la calidad del vínculo madre-bebé. También se investiga la presencia de morbilidad materna y neonatal, uso de servicios posnatales y satisfacción con la atención en la maternidad. Entre los padres, se aborda la ocurrencia de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, y la calidad de la relación con la esposa/pareja y el bebé. La información recopilada en esta etapa de la investigación puede apoyar la planificación y mejora de la atención dirigida a la salud de la tríada madre-padre-hijo después del nacimiento.

Abstract: Pregnancy, parturition and birth bring major changes to the lives of mothers and fathers. This article presents a research protocol for estimating the prevalence of postpartum mental health outcomes in mothers and fathers, abuse and satisfaction in delivery/abortion care, and the correlations between them and socioeconomic, obstetric, and child health factors. As a 2-component research, it consists of a prospective cohort study with all postpartum women interviewed in the 465 maternity hospitals included at the Birth in Brazil II baseline survey conducted from 2021 to 2023, and a cross-sectional study with the newborns' fathers/partners. Interviews will be conducted via telephone or self-completion link sent by WhatsApp with the mother at 2 and 4 months after delivery/abortion. Partners will be approached three months after birth (excluding abortions, stillbirths and newborn death) using the telephone number informed by the mother at the maternity ward. Postpartum women will be inquired about symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, abuse during maternity care and quality of the mother-newborn bond. Maternal and neonatal morbidity, use of postnatal services, and satisfaction with maternity care are also investigated. Fathers will be asked to report on symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the quality of the relationship with the partner and the newborn. The information collected in this research stage may help to plan and improve care aimed at the postpartum health of the mother-father-child triad.

Factors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population

Abstract Objective: To assess the rate of missed postpartum appointments at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy and compare puerperal women who did and did not attend these appointments to identify related factors. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with all women scheduled for postpartum consultations at a high-risk obstetrics service in 2018. The variables selected to compare women were personal, obstetric, and perinatal. The variables of interest were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Mann-Whitney tests. For the variable of the interbirth interval, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to best discriminate whether or not patients attended the postpartum consultation. The significance level for the statistical tests was 5%. Results: A total of 1,629 women scheduled for postpartum consultations in 2018 were included. The rate of missing the postpartum consultation was 34.8%. A shorter interbirth interval (p = 0.039), previous use of psychoactive substances (p = 0.027), current or former smoking (p = 0.003), and multiparity (p < 0.001) were associated with non-attendance. Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of postpartum appointment non-attendance. This is particularly relevant because it was demonstrated in a high-risk obstetric service linked to clinical severity or social vulnerability cases. This highlights the need for new approaches to puerperal women before hospital discharge and new tools to increase adherence to postpartum consultations, especially for multiparous women.

Health education website on home care for newborns: construction, validation, and evaluation / Sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido: construcción, validación y evaluación / Sitio Website educacional em saúde sobre cuidados domiciliares com recém-nascidos: construção, validação e avaliação

Objective: to build, validate, and evaluate an educational health website on home care for newborns for use by pregnant women, postpartum women, and family members. Method: methodological study developed according to the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate model. After construction, the website was validated by 20 experts and evaluated by 20 individuals from the target audience, and the data wasanalyzed according to the Concordance Index with a cut-off point equal to or greater than 0.7 (70%). Results: in the validation, the Concordance Index for all the items was higher than 0.7 (70%), with a variation between 0.75 (75%) and 1 (100%), reaching an overall average value of 0.91 (91%). In the evaluation, all the items got top marks, with anoverall average value of 1 (100%). Conclusion: the educational website was built, validated, and evaluated in a satisfactory manner. It can be considered an appropriate tool for its purpose, with benefits in the teaching-learning process for families regarding postnatal home care fornewborns through its use. It can also be used to educate students and health professionals. The website is available for free access via laptops, computers, smartphones, or tablets.

Objetivo: construir, validar y evaluar un sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido para uso de mujeres embarazadas, puérperas y sus familias. Método: estudio metodológico desarrollado según el modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Luego de su construcción, el sitio web fue validado por 20 expertos y evaluado por 20 personas del público objetivo, y los datos analizados según el Índice de Concordancia con un punto de corte igual o superior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: en la validación, el Índice de Concordancia para todas las cuestiones fue superior a 0,7 (70%), con una variación entre 0,75 (75%) y 1 (100%), alcanzando un valor promedio general de 0,91 (91%). En la evaluación, todos los ítems obtuvieron la máxima puntuación, con un valor medio global de 1 (100%). Conclusión: el sitio web educativo fue construido, validado y evaluado de manera satisfactoria y puede ser considerado una herramienta adecuada para su objetivo, aportando beneficios al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las familias sobre el cuidado domiciliario posparto del recién nacido por medio de su uso. Además, también se puede aplicar a la educación de estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. El sitio web está disponible para acceso libre y gratuito por medio de notebooks , computadoras, smartphones o tablets .

Objetivo: construir, validar e avaliar um website educacional em saúde sobre os cuidados domiciliares com os recém-nascidos para uso de gestantes, puérperas e familiares. Método: estudo metodológico desenvolvido conforme o modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Após a construção, o website foi validado por 20 experts e avaliado por 20 indivíduos do público-alvo e os dados analisados conforme Índice de Concordância com ponto de corte igual ou maior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: na validação, o Índice de Concordância de todos os quesitos foi maior do que 0,7 (70%), com variação entre 0,75 (75%) e 1 (100%), alcançando valor médio global de 0,91 (91%). Na avaliação, todos os itens obtiveram nota máxima, com valor médio global de 1 (100%). Conclusão: o website educacional foi construído, validado e avaliado de maneira satisfatória, pode ser considerado uma ferramenta adequada ao seu objetivo, com benefícios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das famílias, quanto ao cuidado pós-natal domiciliar com os recém-nascidos mediante sua utilização. Além disso, também pode ser aplicada na educação de estudantes e profissionais de saúde. O website encontra-se disponível para o acesso livre e gratuito por meio de notebooks , computadores, smartphones ou tablets .

Atención integrada madre-niño. efectos sobre adherencia y conocimientos de métodos anticonceptivos / Integrated mother-child care. Effects on adherence and knowledge of contraceptive methods

Resumen Introducción : La evidencia científica sugiere que es trategias de atención conjunta madre-hijo facilitarían el conocimiento de métodos anticonceptivos (MAC) y su acceso. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del Modelo de atención integrada de la madre y el niño sobre la adherencia y conocimientos de MAC en mujeres durante el primer semestre postparto. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio de intervención, se conformaron 2 grupos, GI: grupo de intervención (3 con troles hasta los 6 meses postparto) y GC: grupo control (un control a los 6 meses postparto). La intervención consistió en asesoramiento presencial acerca de MAC combinada con folletería informativa y mensajes de WhatsApp®. Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos, an tecedentes gineco-obstétricos, uso y conocimientos de MAC. Se comparó la adherencia al uso y el conocimiento de MAC en ambos grupos a los 6 meses post parto. El análisis se realizó mediante el software R versión 4.0.3. Resultados : Se incorporaron 39 mujeres en cada grupo. Se halló una diferencia en el uso de MAC entre grupos a los 6 meses (92.3% vs. 64.1%), siendo más eleva do su uso en el GI. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en el conocimiento de algunos MAC a los 6 meses. Un mayor porcentaje de mujeres del GI conocía las pastillas anticonceptivas (p = 0.009), ligadura de trompas (p = 0.04) y la vasectomía (p = 0.010), en comparación con el GC. Discusión : La intervención en el postparto temprano con diversas estrategias de comunicación e información pueden ser útiles para elegir el MAC que se considere más adecuado para cada mujer y su utilización correcta.

Abstract Introduction : Scientific evidence suggests that moth er-child joint care strategies would facilitate knowledge of contraceptive methods (MAC) and their access. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the Integrated Mother and Child Care Model on adherence and knowl edge of CAM in women during the first postpartum semester. Methods : An intervention study was carried out, 2 groups were formed, GI: intervention group (3 controls up to 6 months postpartum) and GC: control group (one control at 6 months postpartum). The intervention con sisted of face-to-face counseling about MAC combined with informative brochures and WhatsApp® messages. Sociodemographic data, gynecological and obstetric history, use and knowledge of contraceptive methods were collected. Adherence to the use and knowledge of MAC were compared in both groups at 6 months post partum. The analysis was performed using R software version 4.0.3. Results : Thirty-nine women were incorporated into each group. A difference was found in the use of MAC between groups at 6 months (92.3% vs. 64.1%), its use being higher in GI. Significant differences were found in the knowledge of some MAC at 6 months. A higher percentage of women in GI knew about birth control pills (p = 0.009), tubal ligation (p = 0.04) and vasectomy (p = 0.010), compared to GC. Discussion : Early postpartum intervention with vari ous communication and information strategies can be useful to choose the MAC that is considered most ap propriate for each woman and its correct use.

Infection of AIDS ， syphilis and hepatitis B in 24 546 pregnant women in Yueyang City， Hunan Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the infection situation of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B among pregnant women in Yueyang City， to provide formulated treatment and intervention measures to reduce mother-to-child transmission， and to improve the quality of birth population. MethodsA total of 24 546 pregnant women who agreed to take the tests of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B from January 2018 to December 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe positive rate of human immunodeficiency virus antibody （anti-HIV） was 0.045%； positive rates of syphilis antibody （anti-TP） and HBsAg were 4.64% and 0.64%， respectively. The positive rates of anti-HIV， anti-TP and HBsAg varied from 2018 to 2021， but the differences were not statistically significant （P>0.05）. The positive rate of HBsAg increased gradually with the increase of maternal age， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.01）. There were 16 mixed infections among 1 309 positive cases， 15 of which were hepatitis B and syphilis mixed infections. ConclusionThe infection of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B in pregnant women in Yueyang City is relatively high. The screening of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B before pregnancy is helpful to prevent and reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of infectious diseases in time， which is of great significance to eugenic and eugenic education.

Prácticas culturales de cuidado en el binomio madre-hijo durante el puerperio: Revisión integrativa / Cultural practices of care in the binomial mother-child during the puerperium: Integrative review / Práticas culturais de cuidado no binômio mãe-filho durante o puerpério: Revisão integrativa

Resumen Objetivo: identificar en la literatura las prácticas culturales de cuidado postnatal que realizan las mujeres y su familia durante el puerperio. Metodología: se realizó una revisión integrativa a través de búsqueda en las bases de datos: Gale Cengage Learning, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed y Medigraphic en idiomas inglés, español y portugués entre 2014 y 2019, utilizando los términos: prácticas de cuidado cultural, cuidado en el puerperio, cuidado al recién nacido y cuidado de enfermería materno perinatal; los datos se analizaron a partir de la construcción de una matriz en Excel. Resultados: se obtuvieron 70 artículos, de los cuales emergieron cuatro categorías temáticas de prácticas de cuidado cultural: cuidado de la mujer consigo misma, cuidado del neonato por la madre/familia, cuidado institucional de la puérpera y del neonato, siendo la lactancia materna el factor común entre las ellas. Conclusiones: la identificación de diversas prácticas de cuidado postnatal en el ámbito hospitalario y ambulatorio varían por aspectos sociales, económicos y culturales, pero la mayoría de ellas favorecen el vínculo con el neonato. Es difícil establecer prácticas culturales generalizadas y estáticas en Colombia, debido a la diversidad cultural dentro de cada país.

Abstract Objective: To identify in the literature the cultural practices of postnatal care carried out by women and their families during the puerperium. Methodology: an integrative review was carried out through a search in the Gale Cengage Learning, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed and Medigraphic databases in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 2014 and 2019, using the terms: cultural care practices, puerperium care, newborn care and maternal and perinatal nursing care. The data were analyzed from the construction of a matrix in Excel. Results: A total of 70 articles were obtained, from which four thematic categories of cultural care practices emerged: self-care of the woman, care of the newborn by the mother/family, institutional care of the puerperal woman and the newborn, with breastfeeding being the common factor among them. Conclusions: the identification of different postnatal care practices in the hospital and outpatient settings varies according to social, economic and cultural aspects, but most of them favor bonding with the newborn. It is difficult to establish generalized and static cultural practices in Colombia due to the cultural diversity within each country.

Resumo Objetivo: identificar na literatura as práticas culturais de cuidado post natal que realizam as mulheres e sua família durante o puerpério. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa a través de busca nas bases de dados: Gale Cengage Learning, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed e Medigraphic em idiomas inglês, espanhol e português entre 2014 e 2019, utilizando os termos: práticas de cuidado cultural, cuidado no puerpério, cuidado ao recém-nascido e cuidado de enfermaria materna perinatal; os dados se analisaram a partir da construção de uma matriz em Excel. Resultados: obtiveram-se 70 artigos, dos quais emergiram quatro categorias temáticas de práticas de cuidado cultural: cuidado da mulher consigo mesma, cuidado do neonato pela mãe/família, cuidado institucional da puérpera e do neonato, sendo a lactância materna o fator comum entre elas. Conclusões: a identificação de diversas práticas de cuidado pós-natal no âmbito hospitalário e ambulatório variam por aspeitos sociais, econômicos e culturais, mas a maioria de elas favorece o vínculo com o neonato. É difícil estabelecer práticas culturais generalizadas e estáticas na Colômbia, devido à diversidade cultural dentro de cada país.

Determinants Of Maternal Mortality: An Empirical Study of Indian States Based on The Random Effect Model Analysis

Background: Healthcare for mothers and children is a significant indicator of a country's well-being. In-dia is one of the nations that were experiencing a rather slow improvement in maternal and child health. Aims: The objective of this study is to analyse the changes in health infrastructure, government health expenditure, antenatal care, postnatal care, institutional delivery, Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) and the determinants of MMR in India. Methodology: The study is based on secondary data. It employs an Average Increasing Rate (AIR) and Average Reduction Rate (ARR), as well as a panel data random effect model. Results: Empirical results say MMR has a statistically significant inverse relationship with female litera-cy, Per capita Net State Domestic Product (PNSDP), and institutional delivery. The study concludes that after the introduction of NRHM and its constituent elements like JSY and JSSK, government expenditure on health, health infrastructure, the percentage of antenatal care, post-natal care, and institutional deliv-ery increased in most of the Indian states, thus helping to increase the pace of the reduction of MMR. However, state performance varies greatly. Conclusions: Policy alone will not provide the desired results; it is also critical to focus on education, particularly female literacy, and economic empowerment.

Bladder function in children with posterior urethral valves: impact of antenatal versus postnatal diagnosis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of congenital bladder obstruction in boys. Our aim was to assess the impact of early diagnosis and fulguration of PUVs on bladder function and compare their functional and urodynamic outcome with children who underwent delayed intervention. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 153 patients who underwent primary valve ablation from two tertiary hospitals between 2001 and 2018. Patients have been divided into 2 groups, group 1 included 69 patients who were detected antenatally and underwent early fulguration of PUVs while group 2 included 84 children presented postnatally and underwent delayed valve ablation. The recorded data throughout follow-up in renal function tests, urodynamics and changes in the upper urinary tracts were evaluated and compared. Results: Median age at time of valve ablation was 10 days in group 1 and 7 months in group 2. The median follow-up period was 6.5 and 7 years in group 1 and 2, respectively. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 15 (22%) boys in group 1 while in group 2 it was observed in 31 (37%), p=0.04. While Q-max, mean bladder capacity and post-void residual (PVR) volumes were comparable in both groups, percent PVR was significantly higher in group 2 (3.27 vs. 1.44, p=0.002). Detrusor overactivity was slightly different in both groups (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Compared to delayed intervention, primary ablation of PUVs during the early neonatal life possibly provides the optimum chance to have optimum renal function without impact on bladder function.

Factores asociados a la falta de control posnatal materno / Factors associated with a lack of postnatal care

Introducción: el control posnatal es esencial para identificar y tratar oportunamente las afecciones de salud de la mujer en el puerperio. En México no se han documentado los factores que limitan la atención posnatal. Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la falta de control posnatal. Material y métodos: estudio transversal con 202 mujeres en edad reproductiva adscritas a seis clínicas de atención primaria del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Analizamos los siguientes factores: (1) sociodemográficos: edad, escolaridad, distancia entre domicilio y clínica de atención; (2) psicosociales: apoyo social; (3) ginecoobstétricos: número de embarazos, tipo de parto, presencia de comorbilidad y sospecha de depresión; (4) servicios de salud: control prenatal deficiente y atención hospitalaria posparto incompleta. El análisis incluyó regresión múltiple de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: 49.5% de las mujeres acudieron a control posnatal. Los factores asociados con mayor probabilidad de falta de control prenatal fueron: distancia ≥ 5 km entre domicilio y clínica de atención (razones de prevalencia ajustadas [RPa] 1.48, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 1.16-1.88, p = 0.001), control prenatal deficiente (RPa 1.21, IC 95% 1.001-1.46, p = 0.049) y atención posparto incompleta (RPa 1.42, IC 95% 1.23-1.63, p < 0.001). Conclusiones: la baja asistencia a control posnatal en las clínicas de atención primaria destaca la necesidad de buscar e implementar alternativas factibles, como teleasistencia y consultas a domicilio, para facilitar que las mujeres que viven lejos de su clínica de atención primaria reciban atención posnatal

Background: Postnatal care is essential to identify and treat at the appropriate time adverse health events in the puerperium. In Mexico, the factors that affect postnatal care have not been documented. Objective: To identify the factors associated with the lack of postnatal care. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study of 202 women of reproductive age affiliated with six primary care clinics of the Mexican Institute for Social Security. We analyzed these factors: (1) sociodemographic: age, education, schooling, distance between home and clinic; (2) psychosocial: social support; (3) obstetric and gynecologic: number of pregnancies, type of delivery, presence of comorbidity and suspected depression, and (4) health services: deficient prenatal control and incomplete postpartum hospital care. We performed multiple Poisson regression with a robust variance. Results: 49.5% of women had postnatal control. Factors associated with a higher probability of lack of postnatal control were: distance ≥ 5 km between home and clinic (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.16-1.88, p = 0.001), poor prenatal care (aPR 1.21, 95% CI 1.001-1.46, p = 0.049), and incomplete postpartum care (aPR 1.42, 95% CI 1.23-1.63, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The low attendance of postnatal care in primary care clinics highlights the need to seek and implement feasible healthcare alternatives, such as home care or telemedicine, to women who cannot attend to postnatal consultations

Postnatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors among Mothers who gave Birth in the Aysaeta District, Northeast Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Postnatal care is given to mothers and newborn babies within 42 days of delivery. It is a period of high maternal and newborn mortality and is also the most neglected in terms of maternal health services in many parts of the world. This study aimed to assess postnatal care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the year preceding the survey of the Ayssaeta district. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 406 mothers who gave birth in the year preceding the survey from August 02­30, 2020. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with postnatal care utilization. RESULTS: Slightly greater than four out of ten mothers have visited postnatal care units at least once. Living in urban areas, giving birth in a health facility, having complications during labor and after, and getting advice during antenatal care visits were associated with higher odds of postnatal care utilization. CONCLUSION: Less than half of the mothers received postnatal care following the delivery of their last child. Living in an urban, place of delivery, experiencing labor and postpartum complications, and receiving postnatal care advice during antenatal care have affected the utilization of postnatal care. Promoting skilled delivery and antenatal care with a focus on rural areas can help mothers learn about postnatal care and increase the number of mothers who use it

The Health and Wellness Benefits of Traditional Postnatal Practice (TPC) on Postnatal Mothers: A Systematic Review

@#Introduction: Postnatal is a transition process for the mother back to her non-pregnancy state and involves the changes in hormones level. During the postnatal period, many health issues need to be addressed for both mother and newborn. One of the upsetting health issues for the mother due to the increasing trend is postnatal depression and if it is not identified and treated early, it may cause further complicated problems not only to the mother but also to the baby, family, and local community. With this issue, the Ministry of Health Malaysia has taken a few initiatives to encourage the postnatal mother to also practice the non-medical approaches or traditional postnatal care (TPC) as a self-care for the prevention of postnatal depression. Aim: To systematically identify and review studies examining the influence of TPC on postnatal mothers. Design & Data Sources: A systematic search strategy on the research trend for the period between the years 2013 to 2020 through the Scopus database, Science Direct, and PubMed database. Methods: This review has identified 7 journal articles based on the preferred reporting items for the systematic reviews (PRISMA) framework. Results: There are many methods of TPC, such as traditional postnatal body massage, herbal consumption, herbal bath, body steaming, and body wrapping based on own culture and beliefs. Besides the TPC preparation and techniques, some studies also describe the effects of TPC on a mother’s health and wellness. Conclusion: TPC shows encouraging health trends, and it helps to enhance the well-being and good health of postpartum mothers.

Atuação fisioterapêutica na redução da diástase abdominal no puerpério imediato / Physiotherapy in the reduction of diastasis of the recti abdominis in inmediate pospartum / Fisioterapia para reducir la diástasis abdominal en el posparto inmediato

Objetivo: verificar se a intervenção fisioterapêutica no puerpério imediato contribui para a redução da diástase. Métodos: estudo de intervenção com randomização de dois grupos de 25 puérperas recrutadas em uma maternidade de Vitória-ES. Ambos foram submetidos à avaliação e mensuração da diástase através de um paquímetro, e no grupo de tratamento além da avaliação foi aplicado um protocolo de tratamento fisioterápico às 06 e 18 horas após o parto. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes de Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e teste t pareado. Resultados: houve diminuição da diástase abdominal entre a primeira e a última avaliação em ambos os grupos, no entanto, a análise entre grupos identificou uma redução mais acentuada no grupo de tratamento (p<0,001). Conclusão: os achados deste estudo mostram que o atendimento fisioterápico no puerpério imediato é capaz de influenciar positivamente na redução da diástase abdominal, proporcionando às puérperas uma recuperação mais rápida

Objective: to verify if the physiotherapeutic intervention in the immediate puerperium contributes to the reduction of the diastasis. Methods: randomized intervention study of two groups of 25 mothers recruited at a maternity hospital in Vitória-ES. Both were submitted to diastasis evaluation and measurement using a caliper, and in the treatment group, in addition to the evaluation, a physical therapy protocol was applied at 06 and 18 hours after delivery. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and paired t-tests. Results: there was a decrease in the abdominal diastasis between the first and last evaluation in both groups and the variables studied, however, the analysis between groups identified a sharper decline in the treatment group (p <0.001). Conclusion: the findings of this study show that the physiotherapeutic care in the immediate puerperium is able to positively influence the reduction of the abdominal diastasis, providing a faster recovery to the puerperal women

Objetivo: verificar si la intervención de fisioterapia en el período posparto inmediato contribuye a la reducción de la diástasis. Métodos: estudio de intervención aleatorizado de dos grupos de 25 madres reclutadas en un hospital de maternidad en Vitória-ES. Ambos fueron sometidos a evaluación y medición de la diástasis utilizando un calibrador, y en el grupo de tratamiento, además de la evaluación, se aplicó un protocolo de fisioterapia a las 06 y 18 horas después del parto. Los datos fueron analizados por Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney y pruebas t pareadas. Resultados: hubo una disminución en la diástasis abdominal entre la primera y la última evaluación en ambos grupos y las variables estudiadas, sin embargo, el análisis entre los grupos identificó una reducción más marcada en el grupo de tratamiento (p <0.001). Conclusión: los resultados de este estudio muestran que la atención de fisioterapia en el período posparto inmediato puede influir positivamente en la reducción de la diástasis abdominal, proporcionando a las mujeres puerperales una recuperación más rápida

The status quo of postnatal care in the community: a qualitative study / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo of postnatalcare in the community in Beijing.Methods:A qualitative study on the status quo of postnatal care was conducted using semi-structured interview between June and September 2019. Eighteen health workers who undertook postnatal care in the community for more than 3 years from 16 municipal districts in Beijing were chosen as interviewees. The content analysis method was used to analyze the interview data.Results:A total 178 868 words from 18 interviewees were transcribed. Four themes were extracted including: ①Lack of resources and information, and difficulties in implementation; ②Poor allocation of human resources, and lower personnel treatment; ③Inadequate depth and poor quality of services; ④Insufficient social attention, and interference from commercial institutions.Conclusion:For the existing problems in the postnatal care in the community, it is recommended to increase the financial investment and human resource allocation to improve the postnatal visits, as well as to strengthen the supervision of commercial puerperal health management agencies.

Estratégias de cuidado às gestantes e puérperas usuárias de substâncias psicoativas: revisão integrativa / Care strategies for pregnant and puerperal psychoactive substances users: an integrative review / Estrategias de atención para mujeres embarazadas y puérperas usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas: revisión integradora

Objetivo: analisar a produção de conhecimento acerca das estratégias de cuidado direcionadas às gestantes e puérperas usuárias de substâncias psicoativas. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em julho de 2019, nas bases de dados PubMed, BDEnf, LILACS e SciELO, considerando os critérios de inclusão: artigos científicos disponíveis online na íntegra; com resumo disponível; nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: foram levantados 16 artigos, dos quais cinco compuseram a revisão. Como estratégias de cuidado, identificaram-se: captação precoce na atenção pré-natal, ações de educação em saúde, acompanhamento nutricional, Terapia de Substituição e Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental. Conclusão: os artigos analisados apontam a necessidade de educação permanente de profissionais de saúde, no sentido de qualificar a captação precoce e ofertar acolhimento sensível às demandas e especificidades de saúde de gestantes e puérperas usuárias de substâncias psicoativas.

Objective: to examine knowledge production on care strategies for pregnant and puerperal psychoactive substance users. Method: in July 2019 this integrative literature review searched the PubMed, BDEnf, LILACS, and SciElo databases with the following inclusion criteria: complete scientific articles available online; with abstract accessible; in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results: 16 articles were identified, five of which entered the revision. Care strategies identified were: early identification in prenatal care, health education actions, nutritional monitoring, substitution therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Conclusion: the articles examined pointed to the need for continuing professional development for health professionals with a view to improving early identification and offering sensitive receptiveness to the specific health demands and characteristics of pregnant and puerperal psychoactive substance users.

Objetivo: examinar la producción de conocimiento sobre estrategias de atención a las usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas embarazadas y puerperales. Método: en julio de 2019 esta revisión integradora de la literatura buscó en las bases de datos PubMed, BDEnf, LILACS y SciElo con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos científicos completos disponibles en línea; con resumen accesible; en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: se identificaron 16 artículos, cinco de los cuales ingresaron a la revisión. Las estrategias de atención identificadas fueron: identificación temprana en la atención prenatal, acciones de educación en salud, monitoreo nutricional, terapia de sustitución y terapia cognitivo-conductual. Conclusión: los artículos examinados señalaron la necesidad de un desarrollo profesional continuo de los profesionales de la salud con miras a mejorar la identificación precoz y ofrecer receptividad sensible a las demandas y características específicas de salud de las usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas embarazadas y puerperales.

Exploring factors influencing post-partum length of hospital stay among women residing in two high priority districts of Uttar Pradesh: a quantitative study

Background: The first hour and day following childbirth is a period of rapid change within child and mother, with a potential for immediate crises as more than half of global maternal deaths occur during the postnatal period, of which 45 percent maternal and three- quarters of neonatal deaths occur within one day after deliver. Despite of the importance of this period, less than half of mother and newborn get the checkup done in first 24 hours in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. This quantitative study explored the factors associated with early postpartum hospital discharge.Methods: This was a hospital-based study in which exit interviews were done using structured questionnaire from 278 recently delivered women at two randomly selected Community Health Centres of Gonda and Bareilly districts each, from Uttar Pradesh. The outcome variable was duration of hospital stay. Descriptive results were presented with comparison of factors within district, followed by bivariate analyses and linear regression was done to adjust for confounders.Results: Longer distance of house from facility (0.07; 95 percent CI 0.04, 0.01; p<0.001), if informed about new-born care (0.49; 95 percent CI 0.01, 0.85; p 0.01), if ASHA had fewer visits to women house (-0.06; 95 percent CI -0.12, -0.1; p 0.01) were found to be the determinant of longer stay after adjusting for all variables that were found significant in bivariate analysis and were biologically plausible.Conclusions: The present study concludes that there is lack of awareness among women and their relatives. Inadequate information provided by front line workers were some of the major factors influencing hospital stay pattern.

Postnatal care of newborns in the family context: an integrative review / Atención posnatal de los recién nacidos en el contexto familiar: revisión integrativa / Cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos no contexto da família: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the postnatal care practices of newborns in the family context from the scientific literature. Methods: the searches of the integrative literature review were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) databases. Results: sixteen studies composed the final sample and, from these, two analytical categories emerged: Practices and doubts of families in postnatal care of newborns; and Best practices in postnatal care of newborns. Final considerations: several cultural practices of families differ from scientific recommendations, which can generate risks to the health of newborns. Therefore, it is essential to consolidate educational programs with family members, to improve the quality of care offered and to reduce preventable neonatal deaths in different socio-family contexts.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las prácticas de atención posnatal de los recién nacidos en el contexto familiar a partir de la literatura científica. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica integradora, cuyas búsquedas se realizaron en los recursos de información Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribeña en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Base de Datos de Enfermería (BDENF), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) y U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Resultados: 16 estudios constituyeron la muestra final y, a partir de estos, se originaron dos categorías analíticas: prácticas y dudas de las familias en el cuidado posnatal de los recién nacidos; y Buenas prácticas en atención posnatal para recién nacidos. Consideraciones finales: varias prácticas culturales de las familias difieren de las recomendaciones científicas, lo que puede generar riesgos para la salud de los recién nacidos. Por lo tanto, es esencial consolidar los programas educativos con los miembros de la familia, para mejorar la calidad de la atención ofrecida y reducir las muertes neonatales prevenibles en diferentes contextos sociales y familiares.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as práticas de cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos no contexto da família a partir da literatura científica. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, cujas buscas foram realizadas nos recursos informacionais Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Resultados: 16 estudos compuseram a amostra final e, a partir desses, duas categorias analíticas foram originadas: Práticas e dúvidas de famílias no cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos; e Boas práticas no cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos. Considerações finais: diversas práticas culturais das famílias divergem das recomendações científicas, o que pode gerar riscos à saúde dos recém-nascidos. Logo, é essencial a consolidação de programas educativos junto aos familiares, para melhorias na qualidade dos cuidados ofertados e redução de mortes neonatais evitáveis em diferentes contextos sociofamiliares.

Postnatal care of newborns in the family context: an integrative review / Atención posnatal de los recién nacidos en el contexto familiar: revisión integrativa / Cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos no contexto da família: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the postnatal care practices of newborns in the family context from the scientific literature. Methods: the searches of the integrative literature review were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) databases. Results: sixteen studies composed the final sample and, from these, two analytical categories emerged: Practices and doubts of families in postnatal care of newborns; and Best practices in postnatal care of newborns. Final considerations: several cultural practices of families differ from scientific recommendations, which can generate risks to the health of newborns. Therefore, it is essential to consolidate educational programs with family members, to improve the quality of care offered and to reduce preventable neonatal deaths in different socio-family contexts.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las prácticas de atención posnatal de los recién nacidos en el contexto familiar a partir de la literatura científica. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica integradora, cuyas búsquedas se realizaron en los recursos de información Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribeña en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Base de Datos de Enfermería (BDENF), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) y U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Resultados: 16 estudios constituyeron la muestra final y, a partir de estos, se originaron dos categorías analíticas: prácticas y dudas de las familias en el cuidado posnatal de los recién nacidos; y Buenas prácticas en atención posnatal para recién nacidos. Consideraciones finales: varias prácticas culturales de las familias difieren de las recomendaciones científicas, lo que puede generar riesgos para la salud de los recién nacidos. Por lo tanto, es esencial consolidar los programas educativos con los miembros de la familia, para mejorar la calidad de la atención ofrecida y reducir las muertes neonatales prevenibles en diferentes contextos sociales y familiares.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as práticas de cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos no contexto da família a partir da literatura científica. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, cujas buscas foram realizadas nos recursos informacionais Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Resultados: 16 estudos compuseram a amostra final e, a partir desses, duas categorias analíticas foram originadas: Práticas e dúvidas de famílias no cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos; e Boas práticas no cuidado pós-natal de recém-nascidos. Considerações finais: diversas práticas culturais das famílias divergem das recomendações científicas, o que pode gerar riscos à saúde dos recém-nascidos. Logo, é essencial a consolidação de programas educativos junto aos familiares, para melhorias na qualidade dos cuidados ofertados e redução de mortes neonatais evitáveis em diferentes contextos sociofamiliares.

Práticas de cuidado no puerpério desenvolvidas por enfermeiras em Estratégias de Saúde da Família / Prácticas de cuidado en el puerperio desarrolladas por las enfermeras en las Estrategias de Salud Familiar / Puerperal care practices developed by nurses in the Family Health Strategies

Objetivo: conhecer as práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas por enfermeiras de Estratégias de Saúde da Família para mulheres no puerpério. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada entre dezembro de 2016 e janeiro de 2017 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com nove enfermeiras. Os dados foram analisados conforme a proposta operativa. Resultados: as consultas puerperais acontecem em torno de uma a duas vezes dentro de 30 dias e são realizadas, majoritariamente, pelas enfermeiras por meio do exame físico obstétrico, cuidados com a incisão da cesariana ou episiotomia, avaliação de aspectos emocionais e orientações sobre sexualidade, planejamento reprodutivo, amamentação, cuidados com o recém-nascido e vínculo entre mãe e bebê. Conclusão: as enfermeiras percebem a relevância das práticas do cuidado e suas principais características, pois reconhecem as alterações hormonais, emocionais e sociais do período e a importância da atuação de profissionais nessa fase cercada por transformações, adaptações e vulnerabilidade.

Objective: to know the care practices developed by nurses from the Family Health Strategies for women in the puerperium. Method: qualitative research conducted between December 2016 and January 2017 through interviews with nine nurses. The data were analyzed according to the operative proposal. Results: The puerperal appointments occur around one to two times within 30 days and are performed mostly by nurses through obstetric physical examination, care with the cesarean or episiotomy incision, evaluation of emotional aspects and guidelines on sexuality, reproductive planning, breastfeeding, newborn care and the bond between mother and baby. Conclusion: the nurses perceive the relevance of the care practices and their main characteristics, because they recognize the hormonal, emotional and social changes of the period and the importance of the work of professionals in this stage surrounded by changes, adaptations and vulnerability.

Objetivo: conocer las prácticas de atención desarrolladas por enfermeras de Estrategias de Salud Familiar a las mujeres en el puerperio. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada entre diciembre de 2016 y enero de 2017 mediante entrevistas con nueve enfermeras. Se analizaron los datos de acuerdo con la propuesta operativa. Resultados: las consultas puerperales ocurren alrededor de una a dos veces en un plazo de 30 días y son ejecutadas principalmente por enfermeras a través de un examen físico obstétrico, cuidados con la incisión de la cesárea o episiotomía, evaluación de aspectos emocionales y directrices sobre la sexualidad, la planificación reproductiva, lactancia materna, neonatal y el vínculo entre la madre y el bebé. Conclusión: las enfermeras perciben la relevancia de las prácticas de atención y sus características principales, ya que reconocen los cambios hormonales, emocionales y sociales del periodo y la importancia de la actuación de los profesionales en este escenario, rodeado por los cambios, adaptaciones y vulnerabilidad.

Advances in clinical management of pregnant women with preexisting diabetes / 中华围产医学杂志

Pregnant women with preexisting diabetes have increased adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.Preconception planning is necessary for avoiding unintended pregnancies and mitigating risk of congenital defects.The recommended glycosylated hemoglobin goals are ＜6.5％ before conception and ＜6.0％ during pregnancy.Screening and management for diabetic complications are critical,strict blood pressure control goal need to be achieved,especially for those complicated by nephropathy.Continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy might help improve blood glucose control for women with type 1 diabetes.Insulin is still the first-line therapy for pregnant women with preexisting diabetes.Optimization of glycemic control,appropriate medication regimens and close attention to comorbidities can help minimize the matemal and neonatal adverse outcomes and ensure the quality of clinical management for women with preexisting diabetes before,during,and after pregnancy.

Unsuccessful breastfeeding from the perspective of healthcare practitioners: case study, Region IX, Chile / Lactancia materna no exitosa, percepción de los profesionales de la salud: estudio de casos, ix región, chile

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los profesionales de salud que trabajan con la madre y el niño en el proceso de la lactancia materna, en casos en que esta no fue exitosa. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo, enfocado desde la teoría fundamentada. Se solicitó a profesionales de la salud relacionados con la atención de lactancia materna en la IX región de Chile analizar las experiencias de situaciones de lactancia materna no exitosa. Esta información fue sistematizada y agrupada por preguntas, para realizar operaciones de codificación y categorización propias del análisis de contenido manifiesto; asimismo, fue analizada de manera grupal y con resguardo de la identidad. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías: factores adversos que impidieron la lactancia materna exitosa, tales como: gestación no deseada, edad y ocupación de la madre, cambios en la rutina de amamantamiento, redes de apoyo inefectivas, condiciones físicas y problemas en la técnica de lactancia y, por otro lado, factores protectores ausentes, como: atención de salud integral, existencia de refuerzo positivo y flexibilidad laboral. La tercera categoría fue el impacto emocional en la madre al no poder amamantar, posible de superar mediante la contención familiar y/o apoyo psicológico, generando aceptación de la lactancia materna no exitosa. Conclusiones: los profesionales de la salud identificaron factores que impidieron la lactancia materna, algunos de los cuales son susceptibles de intervenciones. Se destaca la importancia de brindar asesoría, información y empatía a la madre en el periodo de lactancia, así como acompañarla para incrementar la confianza de ella en su habilidad para amamantar a su hijo o hijas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore unsuccessful cases of breast-feeding from the perspective of healthcare professionals working with mothers and babies in the breastfeeding process. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study with an exploratory-descriptive scope, approached from the perspective of grounded theory. Healthcare professionals involved in breastfeeding care in Region IX in Chile were asked to analyze their experiences with unsuccessful breastfeeding. The data were digitized and grouped by questions in order to arrive at codes and categories typically used in manifest content analysis. Group analysis with anonymity preservation was used. Results: Three categories were identified, starting with adverse factors that acted as barriers to successful breastfeeding, such as undesired pregnancy, mother's age and occupation, changes in breastfeeding routines, ineffectual support networks, physical conditions and problems with breastfeeding techniques. On the other hand, absence of protective factors such as comprehensive healthcare, positive reinforcement and job flexibility. The third category had to do with the emotional impact on the mother caused by the inability to breastfeed, which could be overcome by means of family containment and/ or psychological support to help mothers accept unsuccessful breastfeeding. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals identified factors hindering breastfeeding, some of them amenable to intervention. Emphasis is made on the importance of providing assistance and information, building empathy and giving support to the mother in order to strengthen her confidence in her ability to breastfeed the baby.