Posttranslational Modifications of PD-L1 and Its Prospect Application in Immunotherapy / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 ) is an immunosuppressive ligand which mainly expressed on tumor cells, inhibiting the activation of T lymphocytes through binding with PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), thus leading to immune escape.PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which established based on the above mechanism, gained success in the clinical treatment of solid tumors.Various kinds of PD-L1 posttranslational modifications were identified following the in-depth studies of PD-L1, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation, et al.Meanwhile, multiple studies indicated that posttranslational modifications governs PD-LI-mediated immune escape through regulating the protein stability and physiological functions of PD-L1, which makes posttranslational modifications of PD-L1 turns into a new "entry" point of PD-L1 studies.Drugs targeting posttranslational modifications of PD-L1 exhibited favorable applicational prospects in immunotherapy at the same time.Regulating PD-L1-mediated immune escape through intervening PD-L1 posttranslational modifications becomes a new strategy for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.In this review, we summarized the posttranslational modifications of PD-L1 and its applicational prospects in immunotherapy, hoping to provide theoretical supports for future studies focused on PD-L1.

Regulation of epigenetic state by non-histone chromatin proteins and transcription factors: Implications in disease

Besides the fundamental components of the chromatin, DNA and octameric histone, the non-histone chromatinproteins and non-coding RNA play a critical role in the organization of functional chromatin domains. Thenon-histone chromatin proteins therefore regulate the transcriptional outcome in both physiological andpathophysiological state as well. They also help to maintain the epigenetic state of the genome indirectly.Several transcription factors and histone interacting factors also contribute in the maintenance of the epigeneticstates, especially acetylation by the induction of autoacetylation ability of p300/CBP. Alterations of KATactivity have been found to be causally related to disease manifestation, and thus could be potential therapeutictarget.

Post-translational modification and regulatory network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance / 生物工程学报

Currently, there are many studies on the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but there are few studies on its regulatory mechanism. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been recognized for their important role in controlling cellular dynamics such as metabolism and stress response, but the relationship between PTMs and antibiotic resistance gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Here, we summarize the definition of PTMs, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis and discuss how PTMs are involved in antibiotic resistance, in order to provide a new breakthrough for the development of new anti-Ttb drugs.

Unfoldomics of prostate cancer: On the abundance and roles of intrinsically disordered proteins in prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Prostatic diseases such as prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are highly prevalent among men. The number of studies focused on the abundance and roles of intrinsically disordered proteins in prostate cancer is rather limited. The goal of this study is to analyze the prevalence and degree of disorder in proteins that were previously associated with the prostate cancer pathogenesis and to compare these proteins to the entire human proteome. The analysis of these datasets provides means for drawing conclusions on the roles of disordered proteins in this common male disease. We also hope that the results of our analysis can potentially lead to future experimental studies of these proteins to find novel pathways associated with this disease.