RESUMO
Design: The study was a community based cross sectional study. Objective: The study was conducted to find out the reproductive health profile of rural married women of a selected rural community in Dhamrai Upazila of Dhaka district. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 204 married women of reproductive age included considering specific selection criteria. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Maintaining quality control check data were processed and analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The study revealed that majority of the women were either illiterate (34.1%) or had primary education (33.3%) with mean age of 31+8.65 years. Most of them (88.2%) were house wives and major segment (52.9%) had poor monthly family income (Tk.5000-10000). Among all, 63.7% were married within 11-17 years of age and 69.8% gave birth of first child during adolescence (16- 18 years). Major part (60.29%) of the women didn't use any contraceptive and only 38.55% utilized antenatal care. Average number of children was 2.73+1.52 and most of the delivery (81.6%) was conducted at home by untrained birth attendants (57.0%). Adverse pregnancy outcome included abortion, menstruation regulation, still birth, complications to new born and mothers. Reproductive health problems faced by the women included menstrual problem, physical assault, leucorrhea, mental torment, sexual annoyance, puerperal infection, pregnancy related complications, urinary tract infection & pelvic inflammatory disease. Most (81.43%) of the illiterate women didn't utilize ante-natal care while majority (60.0%) having higher secondary school certificate (HSC) had =3 ante-natal visits and this variation was statistically significant [?2(12)=26.35, p<0.05]. Majority (71.21%) of the illiterate women didn't use any contraceptive method while most of them having HSC used either condom or oral contraceptive and this discrepancy was statistically significant [?2(12)=27.86, p<0.05]. Majority (67.1%) of the illiterate women were delivered by untrained birth attendants whereas all women having HSC were delivered by doctor (40.0%), nurse (20.0%) and traditional birth attendant (40.0%), this difference was statistically significant [?2(12)=24.57, p<0.05]. Conclusion: Reproductive health profile was worse among the illiterate, less aware and low income rural women. The study recommends formulation and implementation of effective strategies to improve reproductive health status of the rural women.
RESUMO
Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil de puérperas tabagistas no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), determinar a prevalência do tabagismo nestas pacientes e avaliar efeitos do fumo sobre a gestação e os recém-nascidos (RNs). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, transversal, com dados coletados a partir de um questionário estruturado. Foram incluídas pacientes hígidas, com gestação a termo. Foram excluídas puérperas que tiveram gestações múltiplas, RNs com crescimento intrauterino restrito, anormalidades cromossômicas, malformações ou infecção intrauterina, e puérperas com dados incompletos no prontuário. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: gestantes fumantes e não-fumantes. Foram avaliadas variáveis demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à gestação, e variáveis relacionadas ao recém-nascido. Resultados: Foram incluídas no estudo 718 puérperas, sendo que 23% eram fumantes ativas durante a gestação. Não houve diferença estatística com relação à idade materna, número de cesarianas ou abortos e idade gestacional no momento do parto. Foram fatores de risco para o tabagismo na gravidez o maior número de gestações prévias, ser solteira ou separada, não branca, com menor escolaridade e não realizar pré-natal. O peso dos RNs foi estatisticamente menor no grupo das gestantes tabagistas, com uma variação média de 143g a menos nesse grupo. O número de RNs pequenos para idade gestacional foi significativamente maior no grupo de gestantes fumantes. A evolução clínica do RN, o peso da placenta e o índice de Apgar não foram diferentes entre os grupos. Conclusão: Este estudo foi relevante para o melhor conhecimento do perfil das puérperas fumantes do HCPA e aponta para a importância da realização de pré-natal e a busca de estratégias de tratamento para estas pacientes como forma de prevenção de complicações gestacionais e perinatais.
Aims: To evaluate the clinical profile of smoker post-pregnant women at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), to determine the prevalence of smoking in these patients and to evaluate the effects of smoking on pregnancy and on the newborns. Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study, with data collected through a structured questionnaire. Healthy patients with term pregnancies were included. Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, newborns with intrauterine growth restriction, chromosomal abnormalities, malformations or intrauterine infection, and incomplete data on medical records. Patients were divided in two groups: smokers and non-smokers. Demographic and clinical variables were evaluated, as well as data related to the pregnancy and to the newborn. Results: Seven hundred and eighteen post-pregnant women were included in the study, of whom 23% were current smokers during pregnancy. There was no statistic difference regarding maternal age, number of cesarean sections or abortions, and gestational age at childbirth. Higher number of previous pregnancies, being single/separated, non-white, less education and no prenatal follow up visits were risk factors for smoking in pregnancy. The weight of the newborns was statistically lower in the smoking pregnant group, with a negative variation of 143 grams in average in this group. The number of newborns small for gestational age was significantly higher in the smoking pregnant group. Clinical evolution of the newborn, placenta weight and the Apgar score were not different between the groups. Conclusion: This study was relevant to improve the knowledge about the profile of post pregnant smokers at HCPA, underscores the importance of prenatal follow up visits and the need for treatment strategies to these patients as preventive measures to avoid perinatal and gestational complications.