Intestinal Parasites and Salmonella typhi Infection among Food-handlers in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

Background: Intestinal parasites andSalmonellainfections are of main public health concerns in Nigeria and the world, especially in developing countries where access to safe water and hygienic food handling practices by food handlers is a challenge. Consequently, food-handlers play a major role in the transmission of these types of foodborne diseases.Objective: This study was to determine the preponderance of intestinal parasites and Salmonella typhiamong food-handlers in selected areas in Port Harcourt.Materials and Methods: A total of 480 food-handlers (195 males and 285 females) of various educational levels were sampled. Stool samples were collected and analyses were carried out using direct smear examination and formol-ether concentration technique -adopted for nvestigation of intestinal parasites and deoxycholate citrate agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar for the cultivation of Salmonella typhi.Results:Of 480 food-handlers examined, comprisesof 195(40.6%) males and 285(59.4%) females,-majority (85.4%) were young adults aged 20-40 years. 47.9% of them -had education above secondary educational level. The preponderance of intestinal parasites was 48(10.0%) and implicated were Ascaris lumbricoides(41.7%), hookworm (33.3%) and Trichuris trichiura(25.0%). No intestinal protozoa were identified. Prevalence of 30(6.3%) was recorded for Salmonella typhi.Conclusion:Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and S.typhi infection is relatively low among food handlers in Port Harcourt, but indicates the important role food handlers play in the transmission of the infection. Therefore, awareness should be step-up forthe food handlers to avoid escalation of these infections

Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients of Psychiatric Hospital Rumuigbo, Rivers State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among patients of psychiatric hospital Rumuigbo, Rivers State, Nigeria between June to September, 2017. Stool specimen were collected and analyzed from 203 patients for ova, larvae or cysts of intestinal parasites using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Of these, 78 (38.4%) were infected. Five parasitic infections were identified of which Ascaris lumbricoides had the highest prevalence (39.7%). Others included hookworm (8.4%), T.trichuria (4.4%) and 2 protozoans: Entamoeba histolytica (7.4%) and G. lamblia (3.0%). The occurrence of these parasites varied significantly (p< 0.05). Patients suffering from Schizophrenia had the highest prevalence of infection 33 (78.6%) followed by patients with Substance Abuse Disorder 11(37.9%), while the least prevalence was found among patients suffering from Anxiety disorder. Parasitic infection was most frequent among patients aged 18-27 years and higher among males 45 (47.9%) than the females 33 (30.3%).Prevalence of these parasitic infections varied significantly among sexes and age groups. This study has documented a higher prevalence of intestinal parasite amongst the mentally challenged in our society, re-emphasizing the need for intermittent de-worming among all the patients. Original Research Article

Professor SUN Zhi's Experience in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Acupuncture Therapy to Purge Stomach Fire and Reinforce the Spleen / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] Summarize the treatment of type 2 diabetes from Prof. SUN Zhi 's experience in order to direct clinical learning, by using acupuncture therapy to purge stomach fire and reinforce the spleen. [Method] Sum up the Prof. SUN Zhi 's academic ideas and clinical experience on how to select acupoints by learning from professors and researching some typical cases. [Result] Prof. SUN Zhi takes advantage of the main pathogenesis from type 2 diabetes to help guide acupoints selection on the treatment of stomach preponderance and spleen weakness. The main acupoints are Zusanli, Neiting, Zhongwan, Sanyinjiao, Taibai and Piyu. Stomach meridian requires lifting, thrusting, twirling and rotating on Zusanli, Zhongwan and Neiting, while Spleen Maridian requires lifting, thrusting, twirling and rotating on Sanyinjiao, Taibai and Piyu, which in together benefit purging fu-organs to eliminate heat, strengthening spleen and nourishing qi and improving islet function.[Conclusion] Professor SUN Zhi has a unique experience especially in terms of diabetes treatment with the theory of spleen and stomach, in which the clinical efficacy has been significantly achieved. His performance has important direction to our future research and study.

Professor SUN Zhi's Experience in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Acupuncture Therapy to Purge Stomach Fire and Reinforce the Spleen / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] Summarize the treatment of type 2 diabetes from Prof. SUN Zhi 's experience in order to direct clinical learning, by using acupuncture therapy to purge stomach fire and reinforce the spleen. [Method] Sum up the Prof. SUN Zhi 's academic ideas and clinical experience on how to select acupoints by learning from professors and researching some typical cases. [Result] Prof. SUN Zhi takes advantage of the main pathogenesis from type 2 diabetes to help guide acupoints selection on the treatment of stomach preponderance and spleen weakness. The main acupoints are Zusanli, Neiting, Zhongwan, Sanyinjiao, Taibai and Piyu. Stomach meridian requires lifting, thrusting, twirling and rotating on Zusanli, Zhongwan and Neiting, while Spleen Maridian requires lifting, thrusting, twirling and rotating on Sanyinjiao, Taibai and Piyu, which in together benefit purging fu-organs to eliminate heat, strengthening spleen and nourishing qi and improving islet function.[Conclusion] Professor SUN Zhi has a unique experience especially in terms of diabetes treatment with the theory of spleen and stomach, in which the clinical efficacy has been significantly achieved. His performance has important direction to our future research and study.

A Cadaveric Study on Coronary Preponderance.

Background: Knowledge of coronary preponderance is important to understand coronary artery diseases, interpret the findings and plan the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It influences the amount and anatomic location of myocardium that is perfused by the left or right coronary circulation. The aim of the present study is to observe the origin of posterior interventricular artery which determines the coronary preponderance or dominance. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 50 formalin fixed adult heart specimens in the Department of Anatomy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute irrespective of age, sex, socio-economic status, religion and education status. The coronary arteries were examined by gross dissection and analyzed statistically. Results: Right preponderance was seen in 31(62%) hearts, left preponderance in 11 (22%) hearts and balanced or codominance was seen in 8(16%) hearts. Discussion: The coronary artery dominance has an important clinical significance.Most of the studies have reported a higher percentage of right preponderance including the present study. Results of the present study was compared statistically with the study done by Hirak Das et al (n=70). On comparison right dominance was statistically insignificant ( z = 0.91, p = 0.36 ), left dominance was statistically insignificant ( z = 0.46 , p = 0.64), and balanced pattern was also statistically insignificant ( z = 0.82 , p = 0.41 ) Conclusion: The present study on coronary dominance would be of use to the cardiologist and interventional radiologist to predefine the abnormalities by invasive and non invasive studies.

Gender Differences in Paediatric Patients of the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: Gender differences in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequently reported as a secondary outcome and the results are divergent. To assess gender differences by analysing data collected within the Swiss IBD cohort study database since 2008, related to children with IBD, using the Montreal classification for a systematic approach. METHODS: Data on gender, age, anthropometrics, disease location at diagnosis, disease behaviour, and therapy of 196 patients, 105 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 91 with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis (UC/IC) were retrieved and analysed. RESULTS: The crude gender ratio (male : female) of patients with CD diagnosed at or =10 years was 1.58 for CD and 0.88 for UC/IC. Boys with UC/IC diagnosed 10 years a more important use of azathioprine was observed. No other gender difference was found after analysis of age, disease location and behaviour at diagnosis, duration of disease, familial occurrence of IBD, prevalence of extra-intestinal manifestations, complications, and requirement for surgery. CONCLUSION: CD in children <10 years affects predominantly boys with a sex ratio of 2.57; the impact of sex-hormones on the development of CD in pre-pubertal male patients should be investigated.

The Preponderance and Prohibition of Integrated Using of Traditional Chinese and Western Medince / 国际中医中药杂志

To analyze preponderance and prohibition of combined using of tradifional Chinese and western medicine in clinical treatment,hoping to provide referencefor clinical application.