Medication Ideas for Depression from Wenyang Jieyu Prescription / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Depression is a complex emotional and mental disorder. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） methods for treating depression mainly include soothing the liver and relieving depression. Our research team proposes that depression is caused by Yang Qi deficiency and obstructed Qi movement， which are closely related to neurological and psychological changes induced by early traumatic experiences. Therefore， we suggest that the treatment should focus on warming Yang， replenishing Qi， and promoting Qi movement and have formulated Wenyang Jieyu prescription based on Erxiantang for warming yang and Xiaoyaosan for relieving depression. The experiment with the mouse model of early trauma induced by maternal separation showed that Wenyang Jieyu prescription significantly improved the mouse activity and environmental exploration， reduced the immobility time in forced swimming and tail suspension tests， alleviated the behaviors such as aversion to darkness and fear of open space， enhanced social interaction and social cognitive abilities， altered decision-making biases， reduced depression-like behaviors， and improved the decision-making patterns. Additionally， the prescription lowered the serum level of cortisol， inhibited the cortisol surge in the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone （Dex/CRH） test， up-regulated the expression of mineralocorticoid receptor （MR） and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 （11β-HSD2） in the hippocampus， down-regulated the expression of glucocorticoid receptor （GR） and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 （CRHR1）， inhibited the methylation of GR exon 1 and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 （DNMT1）， and restored the negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. Furthermore， Wenyang Jieyu prescription up-regulated the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， elevated the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95） and synaptophysin （Syn）， decreased the cell apoptosis index and B-cell lymphoma （Bcl-2）-associated X （Bax）/Bcl-2 ratio， suppressed the expression of Caspase-3， and enhanced the neuroplasticity and anti-apoptotic capacity in the hippocampus. Considering the research results， related articles， and clinical experience， we conclude that depression should be treated with liver-soothing and depression-relieving herbs， which can be supplemented with spleen-invigorating and Qi-regulating herbs to alleviate depressive symptoms. The Yang-warming and kidney-tonifying herbs can be used to eliminate the root cause and prevent relapse. Additionally， the wind-dispersing herbs can be supplemented to regulate the Qi movement throughout the body， thereby enhancing the efficacy of depression-relieving treatment.

Exploration on Syndrome Types and Metabolic Markers of Rat Model with Heart Failure Caused by Transverse Aortic Constriction Based on Theory of Correspondence of Prescription and Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the difference in the efficacy of three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） injections on rat model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction （TAC）， explore the TCM syndrome of the model based on the theory of correspondence of prescription and syndrome， and reveal the biological basis of prescription-syndrome from the perspective of metabolism. MethodRats were treated with TAC for modeling and were divided into Shenmai injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， model group， Danhong injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， Shenfu injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1） and trimetazidine group （10 mg·kg-1）， and sham operation group was set up as control. After drug intervention for 15 days， echocardiography， serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and myocardial histopathological staining were performed for each group， so as to compare the efficacy to select the effective injection. Colorimetry was used to detect the serum glucolipid metabolism after the intervention of the effective injection， and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to observe the metabolites and related metabolic pathways in myocardial tissue. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （FS） in the model group decreased （P<0.01）， while the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVIDd）， left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole （LVIDs） and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， LVIDd， LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Danhong injection group， NT-proBNP level in Shenfu injection group decreased （P<0.05）， LVIDd and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Shenmai injection group， in trimetazidine group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， while LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum glucose， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Danhong injection group and trimetazidine group were adjusted by callbacks （P<0.01， P<0.05）. There were the callback of 9 myocardial metabolites in Danhong injection group， including glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism， glycerol phospholipid metabolism. There were the callback of 10 myocardial metabolites in trimetazidine group， including glycerol phospholipid metabolism. ConclusionThe efficacy of Danhong injection on heart failure model induced by TAC is significant and superior to Shenfu injection and Shenmai injection， suggesting that the model is closely related to heart-blood stasis. The biological mechanism of Danhong injection interfering with the model involves regulating the metabolic disorder of lipid， glucose， amino acid and butyric acid.

Interpretation of Prescription and Syndrome of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang and Its Modern Research Progress / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Yangjing Zhongyu Tang, from FU Qing-zhu Nvke, is a famous classical formula of clinical value for treating blood deficiency syndrome of female infertility in the Qing dynasty. The prescription seems plain, but it is rigorous and effective with high research value. In this paper, the ancient books and modern documents of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang were analyzed from the aspects of traceability of Chinese materia medica in the formula, pharmacological research, clinical research, etc. It could be concluded that the pharmacological studies of this formula were mostly to investigate the mechanism and efficacy of its treatment for infertility, but there was a lack of comprehensive interpretation of the structure, function and principle of pharmacodynamic substance in this formula. In this paper, combined with the contents of supramolecular imprinting template and network pharmacology, the new direction of pharmacological research of Chinese medicine compound was put forward. Quality control of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang mostly based on small molecule compounds, so it was suggested to break the inherent thinking, and increase the detection of macromolecule compounds and supramolecular of Chinese materia medica. The druggability of this formula involved in the preliminary study of decoctions, plasters and granules. Considering the quality stability of Chinese materia medica in the formula and the scientificity of druggability of this formula, the compatibility principle of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern supramolecular chemistry theory could be combined to study the change law of druggability of TCM before and after compatibility, so as to provide new reference materials for the follow-up clinical application and development of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang.

Comparison of intestinal bacteria and inflammatory cytokine expression in rats with ulcerative colitis after treatment of three regiments / 药学学报

This study was designed to compare intestinal bacteria and inflammatory cytokine expression in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) after treatment of three regiments, Huang-qin-tang (HQT), Si-shen-wan (SSW), and Tong-xie-yao-fang (TXYF). After approved by Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Ethics Committees in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, UC in rats was induced by using a compound method (trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid plus ethanol). Rats were randomly divided into control, disease, positive control salazosulfapyridine (SASP, 0.5 g·kg-1), HQT (20 g·kg-1), SSW (26 g·kg-1), and TXYF groups (22 g·kg-1). After 7 days of treatment, colonic tissues and the blood were taken for various assays. Damage of colonic tissues was detected by H&E staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the serum were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total DNA was extracted from stool samples for analyses of 16SMiseqPE300V3-4 segment using high-throughput sequencing. The inflammatory cytokine results showed that compared with the disease group, the content of IL-6, PGE2, TNF-α in SASP group were decreased (P<0.05), with the most significant decrease being the level of IL-8 (P<0.01), whereas the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in HQT group were reduced (P<0.05) and PGE2 content was clearly reduced (P<0.01). The contents of four cytokines in SSW group were decreased, but there was no statistical difference. While the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in TXYF group were reduced, and the reductions of IL-8 and PGE2 were significant (P<0.05). The results after sequencing showed that microbiome species richness SSW group > HQT group > TXYF group; the similarity between samples TXYF group > SSW group > HQT group; the species of HQT and TXYF group have greater difference when compared to the disease group. The content of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of HQT group > SSW group > TXYF group. Three regiments all have therapeutic effects on UC, manifested by improvements of the signs and mental status of UC rats. However, in terms of inhibition of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, PGE2 and TNF-α, and regulation of intestinal microbiome, the therapeutic effect of HQT was superior than SSW and TXYF.

Discussion on YANG Jinkun Professor's Clinical Experience of Treatment of Gastric Cancer / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To summarize Prof. YANG Jinkun gastric cancer clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment, in order to promote clinical application. [Method] Through clinical diagnosis, collecting cases, Prof. YANG Jinkun stomach cancer treatment methods are analyzed and summarized, and enumerated case evidence. [Results] Prof. YANG Jinkun offered to poison pixu(spleen deficiency) for the basic pathogenesis of gastric cancer, on the basis of the spleen and the centralizer, and combined disease according to the nature of different pathogenic toxin, chase respectively eliminating phlegm and stasis fights, qingrejiedu, etc of evil spirits, all applications in the west, comprehensive treatment, the clinical good results have been achieved. For medical record satisfactory curative effect. [Conclusion] Gastric cancer experience of diagnosis and treatment of YANG Jinkun is unique, curative effect is distinct, worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Textual Research on the Syndrome of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction in Jingui Yaolve / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To investigate the original texts of the Syndrome of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction in Jingui Yaolve so as to define the syndrome of these two classical prescriptions and guide clinical application.[Methods]Revised the mistakes of the original texts of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction in Jingui Yaolve by referring to medical books written between Jin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty such as Mai Jing, Xiaopin Fang and Qianjin Fang.Shanghan Lun,Zhubing Yuanhou Lun,Zhouhou Beiji Fang and other medical books were also consulted when exploring the pathogenesis and explanation of these two prescriptions.[Results]The syndromes of Houpo Qiwu Decoction should be abdominal fullness and pain,whose pathogenesis is that indigestion caused by pathogenic cold attacking intestine and stomach will lead to cholera sicca.It should be treated by using the therapy of promoting qi,relieving abdominal fullness and pain,warming spleen and stomach,and weeding through the old to bring forth the new.The syndromes of Houpo Sanwu Decoction intend to treat should be abdominal fullness,lasting fever,floating and rapid pulse but normal intake of food,whose pathogenesis is that interaction between wine and phlegm caused by fluid retention in drinkers or undigested wine in people with dysfunctional fluid metabolism will lead to abdominal fullness.It should be treated by using the therapy of eliminating phlegm-fluid,relieving abdominal fullness,and discharging internal heat. [Conclusion]The Syndromes of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction are converse in Jingui Yaolve,therefore re-examination of these two prescriptions and further clinical experiments are required.

Relationship between prescription and syndrome on mini-swine phlegm-stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease / 药学学报

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Danlou (correspondence between prescription and syndrome) tablet and Shengmai capsule (non-correspondence between prescription and syndrome) on mini-swine phlegm-stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease (CHD). 24 mini-swines were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Danlou tablet group (0.24 g·kg-1) and Shengmai capsule group (0.14 g·kg-1). Phlegm-stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease was established by high-fat feeding and coronary intervention balloon injury. After 8 weeks of administration, blood lipid levels and blood rheology was detected. Echocardiography was used to examine the changes in heart function, and the extent of infarction was determined by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining method. The main symptoms, accompanied symptoms, tongue and pulse signs of the coronary heart disease mini-swine with phlegm-stasis syndrome were observed according to the symptom-graded scoring method. The results showed that Danlou tablet decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P P P P P P P P P P P P < 0.05). However, Shengmai capsule failed to show therapeutic effects on blood lipid metabolism, the myocardial infarction area and primary symptom and syndrome score. The results suggest that as a drug for the treatment of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome of CHD, Danlou tablet has limited therapeutic effects on phlegm-stasis syndrome of CHD. Only by the prescription correspondence with syndrome, using drug for the treatment of phlegm-stasis syndrome of CHD to treat phlegm-stasis syndrome of CHD, the prescription has a comprehensive therapeutic effect.

Research on Chinese Prescription Compatibility Based on Variable Precision Tolerance Model and Attribute Sensitivity Reduction / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Rough set theory is a powerful tool to deal with incomplete information system, which can be applied to prescription data analysis. In this paper, we suggested an improved rough set model called WVP-T model. The model combined the variable precision model with the tolerance relation model. It can overcome the shortcoming of classical model. Furthermore, attribute importance and entropy of information were combined as heuristic information. Medicine was mapped to rough set attribute in order to value its importance. Then, combined with curative effect, attribute reduction was used to investigate the relationship between prescription and medicine and the relationship between symptom and syndrome. The experimental results showed that algorithm proposed in this paper can be used in prescription data analysis and can accurately reveal the compatibility rules to guide the clinical medication.

Exploration of Gualou Qumai Wan's indicatio and clinical use / 中华中医药杂志

By analyzing Gualou Qumai Wan-related content in Jingui Yao Le,to explore the indication of Gualou Qumai Wan. The conclusion showed that Gualou Qumai Wan was applicable to the syndrome of yang deficiency and moist-heat injuring yin of lower jiao. The conclusion was verified by the author's clinical experiences aiming to broaden clinical use of Gualou Qumai Wan.