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ABSTRACT Purpose: Only a few trials have compared the intraocular pressure-lowering effects of prostaglandin analogs to carbonic anhydrase inhibitor plus beta-blocker fixed-dose combination therapy in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Furthermore, the influence of the glaucoma stage on the intraocular pressure-lowering effects of these drug types has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the IOP-lowering efficacy of latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog versus dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor plus beta-blocker fixed-dose combination therapy, in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma based on glaucoma stage. Methods: The data of 32 eyes (32 patients) diagnosed with uniocular pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and treated with topical latanoprost (Group 1) or dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (Group 2) were retrospectively assessed. The groups were subdivided into early and moderate-advanced stages. Patients' demographics, baseline intraocular pressure, final intraocular pressure, and intraocular pressure difference (the difference between the baseline and final intraocular pressure) were determined from medical records and compared between groups and according to glaucoma stage. Results: The mean drug use duration was 17.7 ± 13.5 months. No significant differences in mean baseline intraocular pressure, mean final intraocular pressure and mean intraocular pressure difference between Groups 1 and 2. In Group 2, the mean intraocular pressure difference was significantly greater in patients with early versus moderate-advanced stage glaucoma (p=0.015). The difference, however, was not detected in Group 1. The mean intraocular pressure difference in early-stage glaucoma was significantly greater in Group 2 versus 1 (p=0.033). Conclusions: Latanoprost and dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination are effective treatments for newly diagnosed pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. In early-stage pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, greater intraocular pressure reduction was noted with dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination than with latanoprost; thus, dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination should be considered when a significant decrease in intraocular pressure is desired in early-stage glaucoma.
RESUMO Objetivo: Estudos limitados examinaram os efeitos de redução de pressão intraocular de análogos de prostaglandina versus inibidor de anidrase carbônica mais terapia de combinação de dose fixa beta-bloqueador em pacientes com glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo. Além disso, a influência do estágio de glaucoma nos efeitos de redução da pressão intraocular desses tipos de drogas não foi avaliada. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia de redução do IOP do latanoprosta, uma combinação fixa análoga de prostaglandina versus dorzolamida/timolol, um inibidor de anidrase carbônica mais terapia de combinação de dose fixa beta-bloqueador, em pacientes com glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo de acordo com o estágio de glaucoma. Métodos: Os dados de 32 olhos (32 pacientes) diagnosticados com glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo monocular e tratados com latanoprosta tópica (Grupo 1) ou combinação fixa de dorzolamida/timolol (Grupo 2) foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Os grupos foram subdivididos em estágios inicial e moderado-avançado. A demografia dos pacientes, a pressão intraocular da linha de base, a pressão intraocular final e a diferença de pressão intraocular (a diferença entre a pressão intraocular da linha de base e a pressão intraocular final) foram determinadas a partir dos prontuários médicos e comparadas entre os dois grupos e de acordo com o estágio de glaucoma. Resultados: A duração média do uso de drogas foi de 17,7 ± 13,5 meses. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre os grupos 1 e 2 para a média da pressão intraocularda linha de base, média da pressão intraocular final e média da diferença da pressão intraocular. No Grupo 2, a média da diferença da pressão intraocular foi significativamente maior em pacientes com glaucoma de estágio precoce versus moderado-avançado (p=0,015). No entanto, essa diferença não foi observada no Grupo 1. A média da diferença da pressão intraocular em glaucoma de estágio inicial foi significativamente maior no Grupo 2 versus 1 (p=0,033). Conclusões: Terapias com Latanoprosta e dorzolamida/timolol são tratamentos eficazes para glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo recém-diagnosticado. Observou-se em glaucoma pseudoesfoliativo de estágio inicial, uma maior redução da pressão intraocular com combinação fixa de dorzolamida/timolol do que com latanoprosta; assim, a combinação fixa de dorzolamida/timolol deve ser considerada quando uma diminuição significativa da pressão intraocular é almejada em glaucoma de estágio inicial.
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Purpose: Ripasudil is a class of drug which alters the trabecular meshwork to increase the aqueous outflow and has been shown to be effective in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXF G). This study aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety profile of ripasudil as an adjunct treatment in patients with PXF G at maximal tolerated antiglaucoma medications. Methods: In this prospective, interventional study, 40 patients with PXF G were enrolled between May 2021 and Jan 2022. Ripasudil 0.4% was started as an adjunctive drug to the ongoing antiglaucoma medications. On follow?up visits at 1, 3, and 6 months, the visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment, and fundus findings were evaluated. The premedication and postmedication IOP values were compared by paired t?test, and a P?value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Average age at recruitment was 60.02 ± 8.74 years. Baseline premedication IOP was 25.375 ± 3.276 mmHg. IOP reduction at 6 months was found to be statistically significant in all patients, with the maximal response being 24.13%. Also, 87.5% (35/40) of patients reached target IOP or even lower IOP at the end of study. There was no statistically significant association between the PXF grade and IOP. However, the grade of inferior iridocorneal angle pigmentation was found to be higher in eyes with elevated IOP (P < 0.05). Only three patients developed conjunctival hyperemia as an adverse reaction, which was mild and transient. Conclusion: Ripasudil showed additional IOP?lowering effect with other antiglaucoma medications and exhibited no significant side effects
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Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(PEXG)is an eye disease that seriously endangers vision. It is more invasive than primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG), with more serious damage to the optic nerve, worse prognosis and higher resistance to treatment. Early diagnosis of PEXG can help to treat the disease in time and delay the progress of the disease, so it is important to determine appropriate biomarkers. In recent years, more and more people have begun to study the biomarkers of PEXG, hoping to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, find out the potential early diagnosis and treatment targets of PEXG, and provide some help to the disease through the research of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipomics markers. This article will review the progress of biomarkers of PEXG in recent years, some biomarkers may provide new ideas for early diagnosis of PEXG in the future.
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Objetivo: Identifi car la prevalencia de la pseudoexfoliación ocular y sus características en la población de la Clínica de Glaucoma de la Unidad Nacional de Oftalmología en la Ciudad de Guatemala. Diseño del estudio: Descriptivo de corte transversal. Método: Se incluyeron en el estudio, todos los pacientes que presentaron característica clínica del síndrome pseudoexfoliativo a nivel ocular y consultaron a la Cínica, en un periodo de 6 meses del año 2016. Se desarrolló una hoja de recolección de datos; se tomaron los datos durante la consulta; se describieron las características generales de los pacientes; se evaluó la frecuencia de las diferentes características del síndrome y se calculó asociación según género y edad. Resultados: La prevalencia puntual de pseudoexfoliación fue 4.77% en mayores de 45 años, más frecuente en hombres (p=0,024), bilateral y su frecuencia aumentó con la edad (p=0,043). El glaucoma tuvo una frecuencia de 60% y más de la mitad de estos pacientes tuvo daño campimétrico severo. La frecuencia de ruptura capsular durante facoemulsificación en la Clínica, fue casi tres veces mayor en los pacientes con el síndrome. Conclusión: La pseudoexfoliación es una condición frecuente en esta población, principalmente en varones mayores de 70 años, se presenta con importante deterioro campimétrico y alta frecuencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas en cirugía de catarata.
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of ocular pseudoexfoliation and its characteristics within the population of the Clinic of Glaucoma of the National Unit of Ophthalmology, Guatemala City. Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Method: All patients presenting signs of ocular pseudoexfoliation, and who consulted the Clinic from February to July 2016, were included in the study. A case report form was completed during the clinical consultation; general characteristics of the patients are described; the frequency of different characteristics of the syndrome was evaluated and their association to gender and age were established. Results: Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation was 4.77% in patients older than 45 y/o, frequency was higher in men (p = 0.024), bilateral (70%) and increased with age (p = 0.043). Glaucoma´s frequency was 60% and more than half of these patients had severe campimetric damage. Results show that the frequency of capsular rupture during phacoemulsifi cation is almost three times higher in patients with the syndrome at the Clinic. Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation is a frequent condition in the Glaucoma Clinic of the National Ophthalmology Unit, mainly in men older than 70 y/o, and it presents with important deterioration of the visual fi eld and high frequency of surgical complications during cataract surgery.
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Síndrome de Exfoliação/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto , Pressão IntraocularRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and glaucoma-related problems of Koreans with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXFS). METHODS: In 63 eyes of 39 patients, features including anterior segment, anterior chamber angle, endothelial cell counts (ECC), central corneal thickness (CCT), depth of anterior chamber (ACD), prevalence of cataract and glaucoma, incidence of surgery, and operation-related complications were examined. RESULTS: Without mydriasis, pseudoexfoliative material (PXFM) was found at the pupil margin and on the anterior lens surface in 74% and 57% of 63 eyes, respectively. Depigmentation, membrane formation and loss of ruff at the pupil margin were found in 37%, 37%, and 35% of eyes, respectively. There were pupil changes only in 15 eyes (24%) without PXFM. Fifty-six eyes (89%) had cataracts. Twenty-eight out of 56 eyes (44%) underwent cataract surgery and intraocular pressure (IOP) increased subsequently in 18 of the eyes (64%). Forty-five out of 63 eyes (71%) had glaucoma. Eleven of 45 eyes (24%) underwent glaucoma surgery. In unilateral cases, eyes with PXFS had higher IOP, higher prevalence of glaucoma, and higher incidence of cataract surgery than eyes without PXFS (p=0.018, 0.011, and 0.042, respectively). ECC, CCT, and ACD were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Not only lens surface but also pupil margin should be examined carefully to diagnose PXFS. Because IOP frequently increases after cataract surgery, regular follow-ups are necessary to prevent optic nerve damage.