The Gray Zone Between Legitimate and Predatory Open Access Scientific Publishing

ABSTRACT Certain open access publishers based on the article processing charges model have found it highly profitable to operate within a gray zone that encompasses both legitimate and predatory publishing practices. In this context, maximum profits can be obtained by adequate combinations of journal acceptance rates and elevated article processing charges. Considering that the gray zone can be particularly challenging to identify and that it poses risks for authors aiming to establish academic carreers, we believe it is important to provide a comprehensive description of it.

Fast-Tracking of Publication Times of Otolaryngology Papers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Introduction The outbreak of COVID-19 has produced an unprecedented number of trials and articles. Objective To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS) journal processing times. Methods Original papers search of published in selected ORL-HNS journals in terms of times from submission-to-acceptance (S-A), acceptance-to-first online publication (A-P), and submission-to-online publication (S-P). Papers were divided into those published in the pre-COVID-19 era and those during the COVID-19 era. The latter were further divided into unrelated to COVID-19 and related to COVID-19. Results A total of 487 articles from 5 selected ORL-HNS journals were included, of which 236 (48.5%) were published during the pre-COVID-19 era and 251 (51.5%) were publishedduring theCOVID-19era.Amongthem, 180 (37%) papers werenot related to COVID-19, and 71 (14.5%) were related to COVID-19. The S-A duration of COVID-19-related articles was significantly shorter compared with that of papers submitted in the pre-COVID-19 era and to papers submitted in the COVID-19 era but unrelated to COVID-19 (median 6 to 34 days compared to 65 to 125 and 46 to 127, respectively) in all 5 journals. The most prominent reductions in S-A and S-P times were documented in the laryngology and otology/neurotology disciplines, respectively. Conclusions Processing times of the included papers were significantly shorter in most of the selected ORL-HNS journals during the COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 era. COVID-19-related papers were processed more rapidly than non-COVID-19-related papers. These findings testify to the possibility of markedly expediting S-P times and hopefully set a precedent for postpandemic publishing schedules. Level Of Evidence: 5

Revistas depredadoras y secuestradas en cirugía. Qué se debe saber sobre ellas y cómo evitarlas

Las revistas depredadoras (RD), constituyen una gran amenaza para la publicación contemporánea, ya que ofrecen una publicación rápida de acceso abierto a cambio de tarifas sin procedimientos de revisión por pares para científicos jóvenes o inexpertos. Son compañías que priorizan el interés propio a expensas de la academia, caracterizándose por entregar información falsa o engañosa, distorsión de las mejores prácticas editoriales y de publicación, falta de transparencia y uso de tácticas de solicitud de manuscritos indiscriminadas y agresivas. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue generar un documento de estudio sobre las RD y secuestradas; así como de las conferencias depredadoras en cirugía.

Predatory journals (PD) are a major threat to contemporary publishing, as they offer rapid open access publication for fees without peer review procedures for young or inexperienced scientists. Are companies that prioritize self-interest at the expense of academia, characterized by providing false or misleading information, misrepresentation of publishing and editorial best practices, lack of transparency, and use of indiscriminate and aggressive manuscript solicitation tactics. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document regarding the PD, hijacked journals and predatory conferences in surgery.

La publicación de los conjuntos de datos por medio de las revistas científicas: el caso de pensar en movimiento / A publicação de conjuntos de dados através de revistas científicas: o caso de Pensar en Movimiento / The publication of data sets through scientific journals: The case of Pensar en Movimiento

Varela-Briceño, M. (2023). La publicación de los conjuntos de datos por medio de las revistas científicas: el caso de Pensar en Movimiento. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-6. La publicación científica ha evolucionado y con ellos las revistas académicas, desde sus inicios en versiones impresas y actualmente las electrónicas, lo cual ha llevado a una serie de cambios en los procesos de gestión. Es así que se han establecidos los movimientos del acceso y la ciencia abierta. El propósito de este editorial es hacer un recorrido sobre la publicación de conjuntos de datos, su importancia y ventajas; además de mostrar la iniciativa de Pensar en Movimiento de poner a disposición las bases de datos que acompañan los artículos de investigación.

Varela-Briceño, M. (2023). The publication of data sets through scientific journals: The case of Pensar en Movimiento. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-6. Scientific publishing has evolved, and academic journals have evolved with it—initially in printed versions, and currently in electronic ones. This has resulted in a series of changes in management processes. For instance, the movements for open access and science have emerged. The purpose of this editorial is to present an overview of the publication of data sets, its importance and advantages, in addition to showing the initiative of Pensar en Movimiento to make available the data bases that go along with research articles.

Varela-Briceño, M. (2023). A publicação de conjuntos de dados através de revistas científicas: o caso de Pensar en Movimiento. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y de la Salud, 21(1), 1-6. A publicação científica evoluiu, e com ela as revistas acadêmicas; desde sua criação, em versões impressas, e atualmente eletrônicas, o que levou a uma série de mudanças nos processos de gestão. É assim que os movimentos de acesso e ciência aberta foram estabelecidos. O objetivo deste editorial é fazer uma jornada pela publicação de conjuntos de dados, sua importância e vantagens; além de mostrar a iniciativa da revista Pensar en Movimiento de disponibilizar as bases de dados que acompanham os artigos de pesquisa.

The use of ChatGPT in scientific publishing / O uso do ChatGPT na publicação científica

The use of Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence tool, for writing scientific articles has been reason for discussion by the academic community ever since its launch in late 2022. This artificial intelligence technology is becoming capable of generating fluent language, and distinguishing between text produced by ChatGPT and that written by people is becoming increasingly difficult. Here, we will present some topics to be discussed: (1) ensuring human verification; (2) establishing accountability rules; (3) avoiding the automatization of scientific production; (4) favoring truly open-source large language models (LLMs); (5) embracing the benefits of artificial intelligence; and (6) broadening the debate. With the emergence of these technologies, it is crucial to regulate, with continuous updates, the development and responsible use of LLMs with integrity, transparency, and honesty in research, along with scientists from various areas of knowledge, technology companies, large research funding bodies, science academies and universities, editors, non-governmental organizations, and law experts

O uso do Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), ferramenta de inteligência artificial, na redação de artigos científicos, tem sido motivo de discussão pela comunidade acadêmica desde seu lançamento, no fim de 2022. Essa tecnologia de inteligência artificial está ganhando a capacidade de gerar linguagem fluente, sendo cada vez mais difícil distingui-la dos textos escritos por pessoas. Serão apresentados alguns aspectos para serem debatidos: (1) assegurar a verificação humana; (2) desenvolver regras de responsabilidade; (3) evitar a automatização da produção científica; (4) dar preferência a grandes modelos de linguagem verdadeiramente (LLMs) abertos; (5) abraçar os benefícios da IA; e (6) ampliar o debate. Com o surgimento dessas tecnologias, faz-se necessário regulamentar, com atualização contínua, o desenvolvimento e o uso responsável dos LLMs com integridade, transparência e honestidade na pesquisa, com participação de cientistas de diversas disciplinas, empresas de tecnologia, grandes financiadores de pesquisas, academias de ciências e universidades, editores, organizações não governamentais (ONGs) e especialistas jurídicos

Perenniality of brazilian nursing journals: recovery and reaffirmation of the journals' social commitment to science / Perpetuidad de las revistas científicas de enfermería brasileñas: recuperación y reafirmación del compromiso social de las revistas con la ciencia / Perenidade dos periódicos brasileiros de enfermagem: resgate e reafirmação do compromisso social da ciência

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect upon the challenges that permeate the development and perenniality of nursing journals published in Brazil for becoming entities at the service of the scientific community and heritage of the history of science for future generations. Method: the reflective method grounded on the principles of complexity and pertinent literature was adopted. Results: the perennial commitment to scientific publishing emerged as the starting point for this reflection; hence, the role played by sponsoring institutions as the guardians of scientific journals, the need for investments, and to valorize the management, professionalization, and internationalization of the editorial team are emphasized, along with the ability to expand communication breaking paradigms in the connections between science and society. Conclusion: this reflection is expected to reaffirm the concept of scientific periodicals being perennial devices and, thus, survive the dynamics of time amidst the challenges science faces worldwide. In this sense, it indicates the importance of institutions supporting scientific journals as a condition to ensure their perenniality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre los desafíos relacionados al desarrollo y la perpetuidad de las revistas de enfermería publicadas en Brasil, considerándolas como entidades al servicio de la comunidad científica actual y patrimonio de la historia de la ciencia para las generaciones futuras. Método: Se utilizó el método reflexivo, con base en principios de complejidad y en la literatura pertinente al objeto de reflexión. Resultados: El compromiso perenne por la publicación científica surgió como punto de partida de una reflexión que destaca la importancia de las instituciones patrocinadoras como guardianas de las revistas científicas; la necesidad de inversiones y potenciación de la gestión, profesionalización e internacionalización del equipo editorial; la capacidad de expandir la comunicación rompiendo paradigmas en las conexiones entre ciencia y sociedad. Conclusión: esta reflexión puede contribuir a reafirmar el concepto de las revistas científicas como dispositivos que deben diseñarse en una perspectiva perenne y que, por tanto, sobrevivan a la dinámica de los tiempos en medio de los desafíos de la ciencia global. En este sentido, señala la importancia de las instituciones que mantienen las revistas como condición para garantizar su perpetuidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre os desafios que permeiam o desenvolvimento e perenidade dos periódicos de enfermagem, editados no Brasil, tomando-os como entidades à serviço da comunidade científica atual e patrimônio da história da ciência para as gerações vindouras. Método: utilizou-se do método reflexivo, ancorado em princípios da complexidade e na literatura pertinente ao objeto da reflexão. Resultados: a perenidade do compromisso com a editoração científica emergiu como ponto de partida para a reflexão que destaca a importância das instituições mantenedoras como guardiãs dos periódicos científicos; a necessidade de investimentos e valorização da gestão, profissionalização e internacionalização da equipe editorial; a capacidade de ampliar a comunicação rompendo paradigmas nas conexões entre ciência e sociedade. Conclusão: esta reflexão poderá contribuir para reafirmar o conceito dos periódicos científicos como dispositivos que devem ser projetados em uma perspectiva perene e que, portanto, sobreviva à dinâmica dos tempos em meio aos desafios da ciência global. Nesse sentido, aponta para a importância das instituições mantenedoras dos periódicos como condição para garantia de sua perenidade.

Publicações científicas ampliadas uma revisão integrativa / Extended scientific publications: an integrative review / Publicaciones científicas extendidas: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: investigar o estado da arte das publicações científicas ampliadas voltadas para a dinamização da ciência. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de cunho integrativo nas seguintes bases de dados Web of Science, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts e Scopus via Portal Periódicos Capes, Dimensions, PLOS ONE, Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação e Scientific Eletronic Library Online no período de junho de 2022. Resultados: onze artigos divididos em duas categorias: caracterização das publicações ampliadas e infraestrutura de suporte para as publicações ampliadas. Conclusão: apesar de multivariadas, as publicações ampliadas possuem características peculiares que as tornam objetos digitais compostos e dinâmicos e com melhor experiência para o usuário. Os artigos apontam que não há infraestrutura de suporte nas plataformas de periódicos e quando encontrado, se apresenta simples e com poucos recursos.

Objectives: to investigate the state of the art of expanded scientific publications aimed at boosting science. Method: qualitative research of an integrative nature in the following databases: Web of Science, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts and Scopus via Portal Periodicals Capes, Dimensions, PLOS ONE, Reference Database of Journal Articles in Science of Information and Scientific Electronic Library Online in the period of June 2022. Results: eleven articles divided into two categories: characterization of expanded publications and support infrastructure for expanded publications. Conclusion: Despite being multivariate, expanded publications have peculiar characteristics that make them composite and dynamic digital objects with a better user experience. The articles point out that there is no support infrastructure on journal platforms and when found, it is simple and with few resources.

Objetivos:investigar el estado del arte de las publicaciones científicas ampliadas destinadas al impulso de la ciência. Método: investigación cualitativa de carácter integrador em las siguients bases de datos: Web of Science, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts y Scopus vía Portal Periodicals Capes, Dimensions, PLOS ONE, Reference Database of Journal Articles in Science of Information y Scientific Electronic Library Online en el período de junio de 2022. Resultados:once artículos divididos em dos ctegorías: caracterización de publicaciones expandidas e infraestructura de soporte para publicaciones expandidas. Conclusión: a pesar de ser multivariadas, las publicaciones expandidas tienen características peculiares que las convierten em objetos digitales compuestos y dinâmicos com uma mejor ecperiencia de usuário. Los artículos señalan que no existe uma infraestructura de apovo em las plataformas de revistas y cuando se encuentra es sencilla y com pocos recursos.

6. Perspectives on Researcher Development / 医学教育

In the new Model Core Curriculum, the objective stated is to "understand the importance of medical research for the advancement of medicine and medical care, and support innovation in medicine through involvement in academic and research activities, developing one's scientific thinking skills." Importantly, scientific background and researcher training education, such as laboratory assignments, are clearly positioned in the Model Core Curriculum and are available to all students. The curriculum consists of five components : Developing a research mindset, Understanding established theories, Conducting Research, Publishing Research, and Research Ethics. In addition, laboratory experience and practical training in basic medicine were also added to the description. Further policy and financial support for researchers will be necessary to increase the number of basic medical researchers in the future.

Homenaje a la Revista Médica de Chile en sus 150 años de vida (1872-2022) / A tribute to Revista Médica de Chile on its 150th Anniversary (1872-2022)

Revista Médica de Chile was founded in 1872 by Sociedad Médica de Santiago (currently Chilean Society of Internal Medicine) and it is one out of twenty five medical journals founded during the XIX Century that still remain active. In monthly issues it presents clinical and biomedical research articles, as well as research and position papers dealing with medical education, public health or medical ethics. Special attention receive the impact on health care given by the emergence of new private medical schools in Chile, the relevance of methodologies to assess clinical competences in graduates, the certification of specialty programs and specialists, the appropiate use of simulators in clinical training, telemedicine, organ transplants, and current issues in medical ethics, such as abortions and euthanasia. Institutional and international collaboration in medical research is clearly reflected in recent years. Articles are subjected to external peer review and ICMJE Recommendations are carefully considered throughout the review process. Most articles are published in Spanish but English abstracts are mandatory and a growing number of articles are currently published in English. An Open Access electronic version is published by SciELO. Revista Médica de Chile is indexed in the most important international data bases and it is a member of the ICMJE ruling committee. The long life and prestige of this journal can be considered a testimony of the cultural heritage and progress in Chilean medicine.

La mujer en las publicaciones científicas en Chile / Presence of women in medical publications in Chile

BACKGROUND: Despite recent initiatives and efforts, gender inequality still exists in medicine and academia. There is a higher proportion of male authors in international scientific publications. AIM: To compare the proportion of female and male authors in the scientific publications of the main medical journals in Chile. Material and Methods: We reviewed 1,643 Scientific articles published between 2015 and 2020 in two medical journals from Chile. Three authors analyzed the title, abstract, and authors of all published articles, recording the sex of the first author, co-authors, and corresponding author. RESULTS: The reviewed articles had a mean of 5.3 authors and there was a significant difference between men and women (a mean of 2.8 men and 2.4 women; p < 0.001). Forty-six percent (n = 761) of the articles had a female first author. In a higher proportion of papers, men completed both positions (1st and corresponding author) simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are fewer female authors in scientific publications. Chile is one of the countries with a high rate of gender gap in the world. The underrepresentation of women in academia is an example of this.

Factors associated with knowledge of sci-hub in peruvian dental students / Factores asociados al conocimiento del sci-hub en estudiantes peruanos de odontología

Introduction: It is necessary to keep up to date regarding scientific advances, even when having controversial options such as Sci-Hub. The scientific literature is generally limited to opinions about the website, and it is likely that certain personal or academic characteristics of undergraduate students are related to its knowledge. Objective: To identify some socio-educational and scientific factors associated with knowing Sci-Hub in Peruvian dental students. Material and Methods: The study uses a cross-sectional secondary data analysis design. In regard to the main variable, we asked about knowledge of the existence of Sci-Hub and calculated association statistics. Results: There were 263 participants and the average age was 21.7. Of the total, 75% were female, and 59% knew about Sci-Hub. The multivariate analysis showed that knowing scientific journals (aPR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.43-3.84; p=0.001), publication of scientific articles (aPR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00-1.54; p=0.046) and bibliographic search training (aPR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14-1.86; p=0.003) were factors associated with a greater level of knowledge in regard to Sci-Hub. In contrast, there was a lower level of knowledge among those with a basic level of English (aPR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50-0.82; p=0.001), adjusted for three variables. Conclusion: Slightly more than half of the students know this resource used for obtaining scientific information, and it was predominantly associated with having a scientific background.

Introducción: Es necesario estar actualizados en los avances científicos, habiendo incluso opciones que son controversiales, como lo es Sci-Hub. La literatura científica generalmente se circunscribe a opiniones sobre el sitio web y es probable que ciertas características personales o académicas de los estudiantes de pregrado se relacionen con su conocimiento. Objetivo: Identificar algunos factores socioeducativos y científicos asociados al conocimiento de la existencia del Sci- Hub en estudiantes peruanos de odontología. Material y Métodos: El diseño utilizado fue transversal de análisis de datos secundarios. Para la variable principal se preguntó sobre el conocimiento de la existencia de Sci-Hub y se calcularon estadísticas de asociación. Resultados: En los 263 participantes, el promedio de edad fue de 21,7 años, el 75% era del sexo femenino y el 59% conocía el Sci-Hub. En el análisis multivariado, el conocimiento de revistas científicas (RPa: 2,35; IC 95%: 1,43-3,84; p=0,001), la publicación de artículos científicos (RPa: 1,24; IC 95%: 1,00-1,54; p=0,046) y la capacitación en búsqueda bibliográfica (RPa: 1,45; IC 95%: 1,14-1,86; p=0,003) fueron factores asociados a un mayor conocimiento del Sci-Hub; por el contrario, hubo un menor conocimiento entre los que tenían inglés en nivel básico (RPa: 0,64; IC 95%: 0,50-0,82; p=0,001), ajustado por tres variables. Conclusión: Algo más de la mitad de los estudiantes conoce este recurso para la obtención de información científica, estando asociado predominantemente al tener antecedentes científicos.

Individual integrity and public morality in scientific publishing / Integridade individual e moralidade pública na publicação científica

ABSTRACT. Science and science reporting are under threat. Knowingly or not, researchers and clinicians are part of this debacle. This is not due so much to the notorious replication crisis, as to our acceptance of lowering common morality for personal gains, including the widespread, deprecable phenomenon of predatory publishing. Rather than fiercefully countering this loathsome practice, academics are accepting, often supporting a masquerade solution: paying several thousand dollars to publish for all their own papers. This new policy will create a disparity across richer and poorer disciplines; will result in concentrating even more in the hands of large, rich, Western institutions, also penalising younger researchers; will kill observational studies and exploratory research; and will make disseminating science depending more on finances than on quality. This article calls for the full awareness of the academic community on the risks of the current situation in scientific publishing.

RESUMO. A ciência e os relatórios científicos estão ameaçados. Conscientemente ou não, pesquisadores e médicos fazem parte desse desastre. Isso não se deve tanto à notória crise de replicação, mas à nossa aceitação de rebaixar a moralidade comum para ganhos pessoais, incluindo o fenômeno generalizado e depreciável da publicação predatória. Em vez de combater ferozmente essa prática repugnante, os acadêmicos estão aceitando, muitas vezes até apoiando uma solução de disfarce: pagar vários milhares de dólares para publicar seus próprios artigos. Essa nova política criará uma disparidade entre as disciplinas mais ricas e mais pobres, resultará na concentração ainda maior nas mãos de grandes e ricas instituições ocidentais, penalizando também os pesquisadores mais jovens; matará os estudos observacionais e a pesquisa exploratória e fará com que a divulgação científica dependa mais das finanças do que da qualidade. Este artigo apela à plena consciência da comunidade acadêmica sobre os riscos da situação atual da publicação científica.

A comparison of scientometric data and publication policies of ophthalmology journals

Purpose: This retrospective database analysis study aims to present the scientometric data of journals publishing in the field of ophthalmology and to compare the scientometric data of ophthalmology journals according to the open access (OA) publishing policies. Methods: The scientometric data of 48 journals were obtained from Clarivate Analytics InCites and Scimago Journal & Country Rank websites. Journal impact factor (JIF), Eigenfactor score (ES), scientific journal ranking (SJR), and Hirsch index (HI) were included. The OA publishing policies were separated into full OA with publishing fees, full OA without fees, and hybrid OA. The fees were stated as US dollars (USD). Results: Four scientometric indexes had strong positive correlations; the highest correlation coefficients were observed between the SJR and JIF (R = 0.906) and the SJR and HI (R = 0.798). However, journals in the first quartile according to JIF were in the second and third quartiles according to the SJR and HI and in the fourth quartile in the ES. The OA articles published in hybrid journals received a median of 1.17?fold (0.15–2.71) more citations. Only HI was higher in hybrid OA; other scientometric indexes were similar with full OA journals. Full OA journals charged a median of 1525 USD lower than hybrid journals. Conclusion: Full OA model in ophthalmology journals does not have a positive effect on the scientometric indexes. In hybrid OA journals, choosing to publish OA may increase citations, but it would be more accurate to evaluate this on a journal basis

Trends in scientific editing and good research practices: what do researchers-nurses know? / Tendencias en la edición científica y las buenas prácticas de investigación: ¿qué saben los investigadores-enfermeros? / Tendências em editoração científica e boas práticas em pesquisa: o que conhecem os pesquisadores-enfermeiros?

Abstract Objective: To verify researchers-nurses' knowledge about trends in scientific publishing and good research practices. Method: A descriptive study carried out through an online survey with 197 nurses holding master's and/or doctoral degrees from all Brazilian regions. To raise knowledge, a validated, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire with 18 questions on the subject was used. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed on researchers' scores (Mann-Whitney test). Results: Among the specific questions, the mean of correct answers was 7.1: 6.4 for master's and 7.4 for doctoral degree holders. There was a significant difference in the mean of correct answers between masters and doctors (p = 0.025), and between productivity scholarship holders and non-scholarship holders (p = 0.021), according to mean difference tests. Questions about predatory editorial practices were those in which researchers had the worst knowledge. Conclusion: We identified that, regardless of the education level (master's or doctoral degree), nurses have little knowledge about the topics studied, which can compromise the quality of production and the scientific vehicles used to disseminate this knowledge.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar el conocimiento de investigadores-enfermeros sobre las tendencias en la publicación científica y las buenas prácticas de investigación. Método: Estudio descriptivo, realizado a través de una encuesta en línea con 197 enfermeros con maestría y/o doctorado de todas las regiones brasileñas. Para aumentar el conocimiento se utilizó un cuestionario validado, autoadministrado y anónimo con 18 preguntas sobre el tema. Sobre la puntuación de los investigadores, se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales (prueba de Mann-Whitney). Resultados: Entre las preguntas específicas, la media de aciertos fue de 7,1, siendo 6,4 para los másteres y 7,4 para los médicos. Hubo diferencia significativa en la media de aciertos entre maestros y doctores (p = 0,025), y entre becarios de productividad y no académicos (p = 0,021), según pruebas de diferencia de medias. Las preguntas sobre prácticas editoriales depredadoras eran aquellas en las que los investigadores tenían el peor conocimiento. Conclusión: Identificamos que, independientemente del nivel de formación (maestría o doctorado), los enfermeros tienen poco conocimiento sobre los temas estudiados, lo que puede comprometer la calidad de la producción y los vehículos científicos utilizados para difundir este conocimiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento de pesquisadores-enfermeiros sobre tendências em editoração científica e boas práticas em pesquisa. Método: Estudo descritivo, realizado por inquéritoonlinecom 197 enfermeiros com título de mestre e/ou doutor de todas as regiões brasileiras. Para levantar o conhecimento, utilizou-se um questionário validado, autoaplicável e anônimo com 18 questões sobre o assunto. Sobre o escore dos pesquisadores, realizaram-se análises descritivas e inferenciais (Teste de Mann-Whitney). Resultados: Entre as questões específicas, a média de acertos foi de 7,1, sendo 6,4 para mestres e 7,4 para doutores. Houve diferença significativa na média de acertos entre mestres e doutores (p = 0,025), e entre bolsistas e não bolsistas de produtividade (p = 0,021), segundo testes de diferença de médias. As questões sobre práticas editoriais predatórias foram aquelas em que os pesquisadores apresentaram pior conhecimento. Conclusão: Identificamos que, independente do grau de formação (mestrado ou doutorado), os enfermeiros têm baixo conhecimento sobre os temas estudados, o que pode comprometer a qualidade da produção e dos veículos científicos utilizados para disseminação desse conhecimento.

Open Access and Article Processing Charges in Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Journals: a Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Open access (OA) publishing often requires article processing charges (APCs). While OA provides opportunities for broader readership, authors able to afford APCs are more commonly associated with well-funded, high-income country institutions, skewing knowledge dissemination. Here, we evaluate publishing models, OA practices, and APCs in cardiology and cardiac surgery. Methods: The InCites Journal Citation Reports 2019 directory by Clarivate Analytics was searched for "Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems" journals. Sister journals of included journals were identified. All journals were categorized as predominantly cardiology or cardiac surgery. Publishing models, APCs, and APC waivers were defined for all journals. Results: One hundred sixty-one journals were identified (139 cardiology, 22 cardiac surgery). APCs ranged from $244 to $5,000 ($244-5,000 cardiology; $383-3,300 cardiac surgery), with mean $2,911±891 and median $3,000 (interquartile range [IQR]: $2,500-3,425) across 139 journals with non-zero available APCs ($2,970±890, median $3,000, IQR: $2,573-3,450, cardiology; $2,491±799, median $2,740, IQR: $2,300-3,000, cardiac surgery). Average APCs were $3,307±566 and median $3,250 (IQR: $3,000-3,500) for hybrid journals ($3,344±583, median $3,260, IQR: $3,000-3,690, cardiology; $2,983±221, median $2,975, IQR: $2,780-3,149, cardiac surgery) and $1,997±832 and median $2,100 (IQR: $1,404-2,538) for fully OA journals ($2,039±843, median $2,100, IQR: $1,419-2,604, cardiology; $1,788±805, median $2,000, IQR: $1,475-2,345, cardiac surgery). Waivers were available for 51 (86.4%) fully OA and 37 (37.4%) hybrid journals. Seventeen journals were fully OA without APCs, one journal did not yet release APCs, and four journals were subscription-only. Conclusion: OA publishing is common in cardiology and cardiac surgery with substantial APCs. Waivers remain limited, posing barriers for unfunded and lesser-funded researchers.

Identification of Fraudulent Scientific Journals

ABSTRACT: There is a growing need to produce scientific publications in universities, with the resulting increase in manuscripts submitted for review to scientific journals. Open access, a model designed to increase the dissemination of knowledge, has become a business model for certain fraudulent or predatory journals, which see the payment of publication rates by the authors as a money-making venture. These journals take advantage of some researchers' lack of knowledge about the types of journals and how the normal publishing process of a serious journal works, characterized by a peer review of the scientific work, a process that usually takes several months. Predatory journals are a real threat, for both the quality of scientific articles published and for the authors, who pay high prices to have their work published in journals of low or no quality. The aim of this article is to describe the characteristics of the existing scientific journals a nd highlight aspects that authors should consider to identify and avoid fraudulent journals.

RESUMEN: Existe una necesidad creciente de producir publicaciones científicas en las universidades, con el consiguiente incremento de manuscritos enviados a evaluación a las revistas científicas. El open access, un modelo originado para aumentar la diffusion del conocimiento, se transformó en un modelo de negocio para ciertas revistas fraudulentas o depredadoras, que vieron en el pago de las tasas de publicación por parte de los autores una oportunidad de ganar dinero. Estas revistas se aprovechan del bajo conocimiento que tienen algunos investigadores sobre los tipos de revistas existentes y sobre cómo funciona el proceso editorial normal de una revista seria, que se caracteriza por una revisión por parte de pares del trabajo científico, proceso que suele durar varios meses. Las revistas depredadoras son una amenaza real, tanto para la calidad de los artículos científicos publicados como para los autores, que pagan elevados presios por la publicación de sus trabajos en revistas con bajo o ningún estándar de calidad. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características de las revistas científicas existentes y resaltar aspectos que los autores debieran considerar para identificar y evitar revistas fraudulentas.