RESUMO
Background & objectives: In early stages of oral cancers, 20-40 per cent of cases have occult metastasis in cervical lymph nodes. Biologic imbalance between cellular proliferation and death culminates in metastasis. The importance of cell cycle dysregulation in relation to lymph node involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been established yet. The aim was to determine the association between apoptotic bodies count and mitotic index in relation to regional lymph node involvement in OSCC. Methods: Thirty two methyl green-pyronin stained slides from paraffin-embedded sections of OSCC were evaluated for apoptotic bodies count and mitotic index in relation to regional lymph node involvement using light microscopy. Number of apoptotic bodies and mitotic figures were counted in 10 randomly selected hot spot areas (×400). Average count of apoptotic bodies and mitotic figures were determined and compared with regard to the presence/absence of lymph node involvement. Results: The count of apoptotic bodies in cases without metastasis to the regional lymph node was significantly higher than in cases with regional lymph node involvement. The mitotic index was not significantly different between groups in terms of regional lymph node involvement (P=0.24). No significant correlation was found between the apoptotic bodies count (r=?0.094, P=0.72) and mitotic index (r=?0.08, P=0.75) to the number of regional lymph nodes involved. Interpretation & conclusions: Based on the results, it is suggested that apoptotic cell count can be a good parameter for showing the possibility of regional lymph node involvement in people with OSCC who do not have clinical symptoms of lymph node involvement.
RESUMO
As particularidades da secreção láctea do tipo apócrina, na espécie caprina, tornam necessárias técnicas específicas para a determinação da quantidade e da qualidade das células presentes no leite desta espécie. Dentre estas particularidades, pode-se citar a presença dos corpúsculos citoplasmáticos. De acordo com estas características, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a contagem total de leucócitos no leite de cabras sadias, por meio da contagem microscópica direta com verde de metil e pironina-Y, e a contagem celular automática por citometria de fluxo, assim como determinar os tipos leucocitários, através da técnica de citocentrifugação. Foram analisadas 102 de leite de cabras sadias, das raças Saanen, Parda Alpina e Toggenburg. O valor mediano obtido pela contagem microscópica direta e automática foi de 142.840 e 406.000 células somáticas/mL de leite, respectivamente. Os valores médios obtidos na citocentrifugação foram de 73,24 ± 18,35% de neutrófilos, 3,55 ± 3,06% de linfócitos e 24,33 ± 18,89% de monócitos e células epiteliais. De acordo com os resultados, pode-se concluir que o valor obtido pela coloração de verde de metil e pironina-Y é significativamente menor, sendo um importante método para a determinação da celularidade presente no leite de cabras, pois exclui os corpúsculos citoplasmáticos característicos desta espécie.
The characteristics of the apocrine milk secretion observed in goats make it necessary to use specific techniques to determine the quantity and quality of cells found in this kind of milk. Among these characteristics is the presence of cytoplasmic bodies. The objective of the present study was to determine total leukocyte counts in the milk of healthy goats using direct microscopy and methyl green-pyronin Y and automatic cell count by flow cytometry as well as to determine leukocyte types by means of cytocentrifugation. A total of 102 milk samples from healthy Saanen, Brown Alpine and Toggenburg goats were analyzed. The median value of direct microscopic and automatic counts was 142,840 and 406,000 somatic cells/mL of milk, and mean values obtained in cytocentrifugation were 73.24 ± 18.35% neutrophils, 3.55 ± 3.06% lymphocytes and 24.33 ± 18.89% monocytes and epithelial cells. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that methyl green-pyronin Y is an important method, perhaps the most precise one, for determining cell counts in goat milk, because it excludes cytoplasmic bodies. Moreover, the different cell types found in milk are important defenses of the mammary gland against mastitis-causing pathogens.