Association between food consumption and the Quality of Diet Index Adapted for pregnant women / Associação entre o consumo alimentar e o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Adaptado para Gestantes

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the association between the Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Adaptado para Gestantes (IQDAG) (Quality of Diet Index Adapted for Pregnant Women) with food consumption, lifestyle and health information. Methods: cross-sectional study with 110 pregnant women assisted at a public health service. Sociodemographic, nutritional and health data were collected from medical records. Food consumption was investigated through the usual intake, for a nutritional analysis, DietPro® program version 6.1 was used. Quality ofdiet was assessed using the IQDAG. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate an association between food consumption and IQDAG. Results: the average total score of the IQDAG was 61.3 (±26.1), this is the best quality of the diet. After adjusting for age, schooling and physical activity, the highest consumption of vitamin A (OR=1.04; CI95% = 1.02-1.07) and B2 (OR=2.63; CI95% = 1.19-5.70) was associated with a greater chance of having a better quality of diet (3rdtertile of the IQDAG). Conclusions: pregnant women with better quality of diet had higher intakes of vitamins A and B2. However, other population-based studies are suggested to more broadly in verify its association with food consumption and its ability to identify adherence to nutritional recommendations.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a associação entre o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Adaptado para Gestantes (IQDAG) com o consumo alimentar e hábitos de vida e informações de saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal com 110 gestantes atendidas em um serviço público de saúde. Os dados sociodemográficos, nutricionais e de saúde foram coletados a partir dos prontuários de atendimento. O consumo alimentar foi investigado por meio do recordatório de ingestão habitual, para a análise nutricional foi utilizado o Programa DietPro® versão 6.1. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada utilizando o IQDAG. A regressão logística multinomial foi usada para investigar a associação entre o consumo alimentar e IQDAG. Resultados: a média da pontuação total do IQDAG foi 61,3 (±26,1), isto é uma melhor qualidade da dieta. Após ajuste por idade, escolaridade e atividade física, o maior consumo de vitamina A (OR=1,04; IC95%= 1,02-1,07) e B2 (OR= 2,63; IC95%= 1,19-5,70) esteve associado a maior chance da gestante apresentar uma melhor qualidade da dieta (3º tercil do IQDAG). Conclusões: gestantes com melhor qualidade da dieta tiveram maior ingestão das vitaminas A e B2. Entretanto, sugere-se outros estudos de base populacional para verificar de forma mais ampla sua associação com o consumo alimentar e sua capacidade de identificar a adesão as recomendações nutricionais.

Calidad de la dieta según el Índice de Alimentación Saludable: Análisis en la población adulta de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina / Diet quality according to the Healthy Eating Index: Analysis in the adult population of Rosario City, Argentina

Introducción: el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS) fue desarrollado en base a las recomendaciones de las guías alimentarias para la población americana y es de utilidad para identificar los grupos de alimentos que presentan menor consumo en relación a las recomendaciones y los grupos poblacionales con alimentación de baja calidad. Objetivo: estimar la calidad de la dieta en la población adulta de la ciudad de Rosario, e identificar su relación con variables sociodemográficas, indicadores antropométricos y del estilo de vida. Materiales y Método: investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal de una muestra por cuotas estratificada de 1200 adultos entre 18 a 70 años. Se empleó la metodología actualizada en el 2010 para el cálculo de IAS, a partir de la información obtenida del recordatorio de 24 horas. Se utilizó un cuestionario para relevar las variables sociodemográficas y el consumo de tabaco, se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, la actividad física se midió con el cuestionario IPAQ y el consumo de alcohol por frecuencia de consumo. Las asociaciones se evaluaron mediante test Chi cuadrado y la diferencia de medias por Anova, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: los adultos evaluados tenían en promedio 39±15 años, el 69% fueron mujeres, el 32% con estudios terciarios completos o más, 56% tenía un IMC≥25 kg/m², 34% presentaba riesgo según circunferencia de cintura, 54% realizaba <150 min/sem de actividad física, 67% consumía alcohol y 26% era fumador actual. El IAS alcanzó un promedio de 48,5±15,1 puntos, los valores más alejados del ideal se encontraron en los pescados, mariscos y proteínas vegetales (0,7/5); granos enteros (1,5/10); granos y cereales refinados (2/10); frutas (1,7/5); vegetales verdes y legumbres (1,7/5); ácidos grasos (3,7/10) y lácteos (4,3/10). El 58,6% tuvo una dieta de pobre calidad (IAS <50). Se observó una alimentación menos saludable en los hombres (p<0,05), adultos jóvenes (p<0,01), aquellos con menor nivel educativo (p<0,01), los individuos que realizan <150 minutos semanales de actividad física moderada o intensa (p<0,01) y los que fuman en la actualidad (p<0,01). Conclusión: La alimentación de la población estudiada demuestra características poco saludables. La identificación de grupos de mayor riesgo permitirá orientar mejor las acciones educativas y sanitarias tendientes a modificar estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios.

Introduction: The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was developed based on the recommendations of the dietary guidelines for the American population and is useful to identify food groups that have lower consumption in relation to recommendations and population groups with low diet quality. Objective: To estimate the quality of the diet in the adult population of the city of Rosario, and to identify its relationship with sociodemographic, anthropometric indicators and lifestyle variables. Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research of a stratified sample of 1200 adults aged 18 to 70 years. The updated methodology of HEI 2010 was used, based on the information obtained from the 24-hour recall. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables and tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption was assessed by frequency of consumption, anthropometric measurements were measured and physical activity was assessed with the IPAQ questionnaire. The associations were evaluated by Chi square test and the difference of means by Anova (p<0,05). Results: The average age of adults evaluated was 39±15 years, 69% were women, 32% had completed tertiary studies or more, 56% with BMI≥25 kg/m², 34% had risk according to waist circumference, 54% realized <150 min/week of physical activity, 67% consumed alcohol and 26% were current smokers. The HEI reached an average of 48.5±15.1 points, the values farthest from the ideal were found in fish, shellfish and vegetable proteins (0.7/5); whole grains (1.5/10); refined grains and cereals (2/10); fruit (1.7/5); green vegetables and legumes (1.7/5); fatty acids (3.7/10) and dairy (4.3/10). The 58.6% had a poor quality diet (HEI <50). In men (p<0,05), young adults (p<0,01), those with a lower educational level (p<0,01), individuals who perform <150 minutes per week of moderate or intense physical activity (p<0,01) and those who smoke have observed a less healthy diet (p<0,01). Conclusion: The diet of the studied population shows unhealthy characteristics. The identification of groups of greater risk will allow to orient better the educative and sanitary actions tending to modify styles of life and alimentary habits.

Nutritional Status, Quality of Diet and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women with Mild Climacteric Symptoms Based on Food Group Intake Patterns / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was conducted to examine the nutritional status, quality of diet and quality of life in postmenopausal women with mild climacteric symptoms based on their food group intake patterns. The data for nutritional status were obtained using 3-day records. Quality of diet was assessed by INQ, NAR, MAR, DDS, DVS, DQI-I. Climacteric symptoms were analyzed by the questionnaire of Kupperman's index and MENoL. The subjects were classified into the five groups, GMVDF, GMVdF, GMVDf, GMVdf, GmVDF according to their food group intake patterns. Analysis of nutrient intakes showed that the GMVDF group took significantly higher levels of kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, iron, zinc and fiber than GMVdf group did (p < 0.05). INQ of Ca and Fe appeared to be higher in GMVDF than in GMVdf groups (p < 0.05). Analysis of NARs showed that missing milk groups took lower riboflavin, Ca and P than other groups did as the same result with MAR (p < 0.05). Analysis of DDS and DQI showed that GMVdf group had the lowest quality of diet (p < 0.05); however, no difference was found on DVS. The GMVdf group showed the worst climacteric symptoms compared with those of the other groups (p < 0.05). However, we couldn't observe any differences in menopause-specific quality of life among the groups. In conclusion, it would be beneficial to meet all five food groups to increase the quality of diet and to reduce the climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Impacto de uma intervenção nutricional sobre a qualidade da dieta de trabalhadores adultos / Impact of an intervention on the quality of diet of workers

As taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade veem aumentando nos últimos anos e esta tendência se reflete também nos trabalhadores. O ambiente de trabalho é um local estratégico para ações de incentivo a adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis, através da alimentação, atividade física e controle de peso. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção nutricional no local de trabalho sobre a qualidade da dieta de trabalhadores adultos no município de São Paulo. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio comunitário controlado que teve duração de 6 meses, envolvendo 279 trabalhadores de 4 empresas da cidade de São Paulo. A intervenção foi baseada no automonitoramento de peso com apoio de um programa de computador denominado Programa Peso Saudável, em que o trabalhador enviava seu peso, via e-mail, e recebia um gráfico de acompanhamento com mensagens de estímulos a comportamentos saudáveis de alimentação e atividade física. A dieta foi avaliada por meio de recordatório alimentar de 24h e a Qualidade Global da Dieta foi avaliada pelo índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQDa) adaptado para ajuste energético. Este Índice é composto por 10 componentes (1-Cereais e tubérculos; 2- Verduras e legumes; 3- Frutas; 4- leite e produtos lácteos; 5- Carnes e ovos e 6- Leguminosas; 7- Gordura total; 8- Gordura saturada: 9- Sódio e 10- Variedade), itens que receberam pontuação de O (consumo inadequado) a 10 (consumo dentro do recomendado). Para avaliar o impacto da intervenção foi utilizada a média do consumo energético, o IQDa total e seus componentes antes e após intervenção e o delta da variação entre os grupos para avaliar o efeito bruto do impacto da intervenção. O impacto foi ajustado pelas variáveis sexo, estado civil, escolaridade e idade. Resultados: A intervenção resultou em melhora no impacto bruto do componente cereais e tubérculos. Em relação ao IQDa observou-se piora no grupo controle, enquanto que o grupo intervenção não sofreu diferença significativa. Observou-se efeito positivo...

Introduction: The rates of overweight and obesity have increased in recent years and this trend also reflect in the workers. The workplace is a strategic point for actions to encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyles through nutrition, physical activity and weight control. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a nutritional intervention at the workplace on the quality of adult workers diet. Methods: This is a randomized community trial and it ran for 6 months, involving 279 employees of four companies in the city of São Paulo. Intervention was based on self-monitoring of weight with the help of software Healthy Weight Program, where a worker sent the weight, by email, and received an accompanying graph with messages of encourage to healthy behaviors of diet and physical activity. Diet was assessed by 24h dietary recall and overall diet quality was assessed by the Diet Quality Index (DQIa) adapted to energy requirements. This index is composed of 10 components (1-Cereals and tubers; 2- Vegetables and legumes, 3- Fruit 4- Milk and dairy products; 5- Meat and eggs 6- Beans; 7- Total Fat: 8- Saturated Fat , 9- Sodium and 10- Variety), items that received scores of 0 (inadequate intake) to 10 (recommended intake). To evaluate the impact of the intervention was used a mean of energy consumption, the DQIa total and its components before...

A Comparative Study Assessing Metabolic Profile and Diet Quality in College Women According to Their Mother's Diabetes Mellitus

The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic profiles and diet quality in college women by their mother's diabetes mellitus status. The study subjects, all college women, were classified into two groups based on the their mother's diabetes mellitus status: the offspring group (OG) and the control group (CG). The OG exhibited significantly higher body mass indices (p<0.01), percentages of ideal body weight (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05) values than the CG. Additionally, the OG showed significantly higher daily average intakes of total energy (p<0.05), fat (p<0.001), riboflavin (p<0.01) and calcium (0.01) than the CG. The indices of nutritional quality of protein (p<0.05) and Na (p<0.05) in the CG were significantly higher than those of the OG. However, we noted no significant differences in the mean adequacy ratio between the CG and OG. Overall, our results demonstrated that this factor appears to potentially be related to the subjects' mother's diabetes status. However, CG and OG were significantly different within normal range. Furthermore, nutrient adequacy indices in the CG were not assessed well in regard to energy, riboflavin, vitamin C, and calcium. Therefore, it appears that ideal body weight and diet quality should be controlled in order to prevent diabetes and diet-related problems, both in the CG and the OG.

A Comparative Study Assessing Metabolic Profile and Diet Quality in College Women According to Their Mother's Diabetes Mellitus

The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic profiles and diet quality in college women by their mother's diabetes mellitus status. The study subjects, all college women, were classified into two groups based on the their mother's diabetes mellitus status: the offspring group (OG) and the control group (CG). The OG exhibited significantly higher body mass indices (p<0.01), percentages of ideal body weight (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05) values than the CG. Additionally, the OG showed significantly higher daily average intakes of total energy (p<0.05), fat (p<0.001), riboflavin (p<0.01) and calcium (0.01) than the CG. The indices of nutritional quality of protein (p<0.05) and Na (p<0.05) in the CG were significantly higher than those of the OG. However, we noted no significant differences in the mean adequacy ratio between the CG and OG. Overall, our results demonstrated that this factor appears to potentially be related to the subjects' mother's diabetes status. However, CG and OG were significantly different within normal range. Furthermore, nutrient adequacy indices in the CG were not assessed well in regard to energy, riboflavin, vitamin C, and calcium. Therefore, it appears that ideal body weight and diet quality should be controlled in order to prevent diabetes and diet-related problems, both in the CG and the OG.

Effects of Medical Nutrition Therapy on Dietary Quality, Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Immune Parameters in Atopic Dermatitis Patients / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the major public health problem. It has been reported that the prevalence of AD in children and adults are 10-20% and 1-3%, respectively. Westernization of food habits, urbanization, and environmental pollution are contributing factors toward the recent rise in prevalence. Excessive dietary restriction leads to chronic malnutrition in atopic dermatitis patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on quality of diet and blood immune parameters in atopic dermatitis patients. The 19 atopic dermatitis patients (7 men and 12 women) admitted to K University Medical Center were studied. During the 12 weeks of intervention, the subjects were given MNT by a dietitian for 30-45 minutes every other week. MNT was comprised with general dietary therapy, intake of balanced meals, emphasis on n-3 fatty acid contents in foods, and food allergies. Anthropometric and dietary assessment and blood analysis were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of MNT. After 12 weeks of MNT, the subjects' dietary qualities, including dietary diversity score (DDS), meal balance score (MBS) and dietary variety score (DVS) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). According to significantly increased intake of EPA and DHA, dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio decreased to the recommended level for the atopic dermatitis patients (p < 0.05). These changes of dietary fatty acid consumption were reflected rythrocyte fatty acid composition. After 12 weeks of MNT, serum levels of IgE and IL-4 levels were significantly decreased, however, the levers of INF-gamma, WBC, lymphocyte and TLC were not changed. As a conclusion, the individualized MNT improved the quality of diet in atopic dermatitis patients thereby influenced RBC fatty acid composition and IgE and IL-4 levels.

Effects of Nutrition Counseling on Quality of Diet, Iron Status and Hematic Parameters in College Women Who Have Self-Recognized Anemic Symptoms / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional problem that affects people of all ages in both industrialized and developing countries. Especially, college women are the target population for dietary iron deficiency. Recent study showed that the nutritional status of college women was poor because of insufficient food consumption and repeatabled weight reduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition counseling on the diet quality, nutritional status of iron and hematic parameters in college women who have self-recognized anemic symptoms. Anthropometric and dietary assessments as well as blood analysis, were carried out before and after the 8 weeks of nutrition counseling. During the experimental period, the 31 subjects were given nutrition education by a clinical dietitian. Nutrition counseling consisted of pathology of anemia, nutrition information for iron deficient anemia, diet information of balanced meals and menu choices for eating out. As a result, the frequencies of consumption of legumen and vegetables significantly increased after nutrition counseling (p < 0.05). Daily intakes of protein, especially animal protein, vitamin E, niacin, heme iron, and zinc significantly increased (p < 0.05). After nutrition counseling, some self-reported clinical symptoms such as 'dizziness', 'fatigue', 'short of breath', 'headache', 'sleeplessness', and 'beating heart' were significantly improved. Serum levels of transferrin (p < 0.01) and total iron binding capacity levels (p < 0.05) significantly increased. It could be concluded that the 8 weeks of nutrition counseling might be effective on quality of diet as well as iron status and it might also improve the some hematic parameters in college women who have self-recognized anemic symptoms.

A Study for Comparison of Dietary Quality and Vitamin K Intake of Vegetarians with Carnivores

The prevalence of chronic diseases have been rising in the developing countries because of their increased animal foods consumption and Western lifestyle. Lately, vegetarian diet that exclude animal products get public attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary quality of vegetarians, and their consumption of vitamin K and was also assessed. Vegetarians including strict vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian consumed their diet at least over 6 months. Carnivores were gender and age matched with vegetarians and they consumed over 50% of protein and fat from animal sources. Current nutrient intakes and dietary quality were assessed using 3-day food records and intake of vitamin K was calculated from the data base of "Provisional Table on the vitamin K contents of foods, USA". Blood sample were collected and biochemical parameters and plasma phylloquinone concentrations were analyzed. Anthropometric data from vegetarian and carnivore were not significantly different. The intake of calories, protein, vitamin B2, Ca and Zn of the vegetarians were remarkably lower than RDA for each nutrient. Moreover, index of nutritional quality and nutrient adequacy ratio of vegetarians were lower than those of carnivore. Vegetarian consumed less fat and the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acid was lower in vegetarian. The intake of essential amino acids in vegetarian was significantly lower than that of carnivore. The vitamin K consumption and plasma phylloquinone concentration of vegetarian were significantly higher than those of carnivore (p < 0.05). The dietary vitamin K consumption was positively correlated with plasma phylloquinone levels in vegetarian (p < 0.01).