Equinodermos de la colección biológica del Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) de la Universidad de Guadalajara, México / Echinoderms of the biological collection of the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) of the Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico

Resumen Introducción: Las colecciones biológicas representan los cimientos para el conocimiento y manejo de la biodiversidad de una región. No obstante, en México, y en particular en el Pacífico central mexicano (PCM), las colecciones regionales enfocadas en equinodermos, son escasas. La colección biológica del Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) pertenece al Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México y sirve como referencia de la biodiversidad marina de la región. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la riqueza de equinodermos resguardada en la colección del LEMITAX. Métodos: Los organismos depositados en LEMITAX se han recolectado mediante buceo libre, SCUBA, y arrastres de fondo con dragas biológicas en diversas áreas del Pacífico mexicano. Los especímenes están preservados en húmedo (alcohol al 70 %; Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea y Ophiuroidea) o en seco (Asteroidea y Echinoidea). Resultados: Los especímenes provienen de los estados de Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco y Colima, incluyendo dos áreas naturales protegidas, el Parque Nacional Isla Isabel y el Santuario de las islas e islotes de Bahía de Chamela. La colección dispone de 20 761 ejemplares de equinodermos distribuidos en 75 especies (10 asteroideos, 17 ofiuroideos, 17 equinoideos y 31 holoturoideos). El estado mejor representado es Jalisco (64 especies) seguido de Nayarit (31), Colima (20) y Sinaloa (11). Bahía de Chamela es la mejor representada (60), seguido de Isla Isabel (22). Se aportan 34 registros nuevos, la mayor contribución es para Bahía de Chamela con 14 registros nuevos, seguido del estado de Jalisco (siete), Nayarit (cuatro), Colima (tres) e Isla Isabel (tres). Para el PCM, se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Astropecten ornatissimus, Luidia phragma, Cucumaria crax y Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, lo que actualiza su riqueza de equinodermos a 197 especies. Se amplía el intervalo de distribución batimétrica de Ophiactis simplex, Ophiocomella alexandri y Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, así como el intervalo de distribución geográfica de Cucumaria crax. Conclusiones: Las colecciones biológicas de las universidades contribuyen de manera sustancial al conocimiento de la biodiversidad, como se refleja en la colección LEMITAX, cuya revisión resultó en la actualización de la riqueza de equinodermos de la región.

Abstract Introduction: The biological collections represent the foundation for the knowledge and management of the biodiversity of a region. However, regional collections focused on echinoderms are scarce in Mexico, particularly in the Central Mexican Pacific (CMP). The biological collection of the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) belongs to the Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias of the Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and it aims to serve as a reference for the region's marine biodiversity. Objective: To state the richness of echinoderms in the LEMITAX collection. Methods: The organisms deposited at the LEMITAX have been collected by SCUBA, free-diving, and bottom trawls with biological dredges in different areas of the Mexican Pacific. The specimens are wet-preserved (70 % ethanol; Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea) or dried (Asteroidea and Echinoidea). Results: The specimens are from the states of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima, including two natural protected areas (NPAs), the Isabel Island National Park and the sanctuary of the Islands and Islets of Bahía de Chamela. The collection has 20 761 specimens of echinoderms distributed in 75 species (10 asteroids, 17 ophiuroids, 17 echinoids, and 31 holothuroids). The best-represented state is Jalisco (64 species), followed by Nayarit (31), Colima (20), and Sinaloa (11). Concerning the NPAs, Chamela is the best represented (60), followed by Isabel Island (22). Thirty-four new records are added; the largest contribution is for Chamela, with 14 new records, followed by the state of Jalisco (seven), Nayarit (four), Colima (three), and Isabel Island (three). For the CMP, the presence of Astropecten ornatissimus, Luidia phragma, Cucumaria crax, and Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, is reported for the first time, updating the echinoderm richness to 197 species. The bathymetric distribution range of Ophiactis simplex, Ophiocomella alexandri, and Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae is extended, as well as the geographic range of Cucumaria crax. Conclusions: The biological collections deposited in the universities contribute substantially to the knowledge of biodiversity, as reflected in the LEMITAX collection, whose revision resulted in the updating of the echinoderm richness in the region.

Comparison of short-term visual acuity and visual disturbance phenomena and spectacle independence after implantation of three different intraocular lenses / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the short-term postoperative visual acuity, visual disturbance phenomena, and spectacle independence rate in patients who underwent monocular implantation with trifocal, multifocal, or extended range of vision intraocular lens(IOL).METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 67 cataract patients(67 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation from March 2019 to December 2022. A total of 35 cases(35 eyes)received Symfony extended range of vision IOL implantation, 21 cases(21 eyes)received AcrySof IQ ReSTOR +3D multifocal IOL, and 11 cases(11 eyes)received AcrySof IQ PanOptix trifocal IOL. The preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), and uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)and 3 mo postoperatively were documented. Moreover, defocus curves, visual disturbance phenomena, and spectacle independence rates were recorded at 3 mo postoperatively.RESULTS: At 3 mo postoperatively, no statistically significant differences were observed in UDVA among the three groups(P>0.05). A comparison of UIVA showed superior results in the Symfony and PanOptix groups compared to the ReSTOR group(all P<0.01). The UNVA of both the ReSTOR and PanOptix groups outperformed the Symfony group(all P<0.01). The defocus curves indicated that in the intermediate vision range(-1.00 to -1.50 D), the Symfony group exhibited better performance than the ReSTOR group(P<0.05); while in the near vision range(-2.50 to -3.50 D), the ReSTOR group was superior to the Symfony group(P<0.05). The PanOptix group demonstrated superior visual acuity in the near vision range(-2.00 to -3.50 D)compared to the Symfony group(P<0.05)and was also superior in the intermediate vision range(-1.00 to -2.00 D)compared to the ReSTOR group(P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of glare or halo and binocular interference phenomena among the three groups(P>0.05). The PanOptix and ReSTOR groups exhibited a higher spectacle independence rate compared to the Symfony group(P<0.0167).CONCLUSION: Compared to Symfony extended range of vision IOL and ReSTOR multifocal IOL, PanOptix trifocal IOL offers a balanced approach to distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, without a high incidence of glare and halo, and with a higher spectacle independence rate. Caution is still advised when considering monocular implantation with presbyopia-correcting IOLs.

Evaluation of early effectiveness of local infiltration anesthesia with compound betamethasone in total knee arthroplasty / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the early effectiveness of local infiltration anesthesia (LIA) with compound betamethasone in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 102 patients with knee osteoarthritis who were treated by TKA and met the selection criteria between May 2022 and March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into control group and study group according to whether LIA preparation was added with compound betamethasone, with 51 cases in each group. There was no significant difference of baseline data, such as age, gender, body mass index, operative side, preoperative range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), white blood cell (WBC), and hematocrit between the two groups ( P>0.05). The intraoperative total blood loss and hidden blood loss were recorded, and WBC was recorded on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after operation. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) score on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after operation and morphine intake milligrames equivalent within 48 hours after operation. Passive ROM, maximum extension and flexion angles of knee joint were measured on the 3rd day after operation; the early postoperative complications were recorded.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in total blood loss and hidden blood loss between the two groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative pain levels in both groups were relatively mild, and there was no significant difference in VAS scores in the first 3 days after operation and in morphine intake milligrams equivalent within 48 hours after operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). The WBC in the first 3 days after operation was significantly improved in both groups ( P<0.05). The WBC in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group on the 1st and 2nd days after operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups on the 3rd day after operation ( P>0.05). On the 3rd day after operation, the maximum extension angle of knee joint in the study group was smaller than that in the control group, while the maximum flexion angle and passive ROM of knee joint in the study group were larger than those in the control group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). There were 6 cases of fever and 17 cases of deep venous thrombosis in the control group, and 1 case and 14 cases in the study group, respectively. There was no poor wound healing and periprosthetic joint infection in the two groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of compound betamethasone in LIA during TKA is a safe and optimal strategy to promote the early postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

Is ankle taping effective to limit the ankle dorsiflexion in a single-training session? An observational study in semi-professional basketball players

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ankle taping (AT) is effective in preventing ankle sprain injuries in most common sports and is employed in rehabilitation and prevention sports. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of AT to restricting excessive frontal plane ankle movements in semi-professional basketball players throughout the training session. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Universidad Europea de Madrid. METHODS: Forty male and female semi-professional basketball players were divided into two groups. The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and interlimb asymmetries in a weight-bearing lunge position were evaluated at four time points: 1) with no tape, 2) before practice, at 30 min of practice, and 3) immediately after practice. RESULTS: In male basketball players, no differences were observed in the right and left ankles between the baseline and 30 min and between baseline and 90 min of assessment. In female athletes, significant differences were reported between baseline and pre-training assessments for the right ankle and also significant differences between baseline and 90 min in both ankles. CONCLUSIONS: Ankle taping effectively decreased the ankle dorsiflexion ROM in male and female basketball players immediately after application. However, ROM restriction was very low after 30 and 90 min, as assessed in a single basketball practice. Therefore, the classic taping method should be revised to develop new prophylactic approaches, such as the implementation of semi-rigid bracing techniques or the addition of active stripes during training or game pauses.

Uso de dispositivos móviles y alteraciones cervicales en estudiantes universitarios / Use of mobile devices and cervical disorders in university students / Uso de dispositivos móveis e distúrbios cervicais em estudantes universitários

Las alteraciones cervicales son un problema multifactorial que afecta a la sociedad moderna. Posturas viciosas, traumatismos y defectos congénitos relacionados con la columna cervical pueden desarrollar inestabilidad, pinzamiento radicular, cervicoartrosis y cervicalgias. Objetivo. Relacionar el uso de dispositivos móviles con las alteraciones cervicales en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, que se realizó entre los meses de mayo y julio del 2023, cuya muestra fue de 172 estudiantes universitarios que se obtuvo aplicando la fórmula para el cálculo muestral de poblaciones conocidas, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizó el test goniométrico para medir el rango articular, el test postural para identificar las alteraciones posturales, la técnica de palpación para identificar dolor inespecífico, prueba de resistencia para los músculos flexores (NFMET) y extensores (NEET), por último, se realizó la prueba de Spurling para identificar casos de radiculopatías. Resultados. Aunque las relaciones estadísticas no fueron consistentes, se observó que quienes utilizaron más tiempo los teléfonos celulares (87,0%) mostraron más limitaciones cervicales que los usuarios menos frecuentes (73,5%). La movilidad articular fue limitada en el 84,3% de la población, especialmente en varones (93,5%); la resistencia muscular normal en extensión fue más prevalente en el caso de los hombres (84,9%), mientras que la resistencia alterada en flexión fue más prevalente en mujeres (94,9%). Conclusiones. Según los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, no se encontró suficiente evidencia para determinar una relación estadísticamente significativa (P˃0,05) entre las alteraciones cervicales y el uso de teléfonos celulares, aunque se observó una mayor limitación en el caso de quienes más tiempo utilizaban el dispositivo móvil.

Cervical disorders are a multifactorial problem affecting modern society. Vicious postures, trauma and congenital defects related to the cervical spine can develop instability, radicular impingement, cervicoarthrosis and cervicalgia. Objective. To relate the use of mobile devices with cervical disorders in university students. Materials and methods. Descriptive, observational study carried out between May and July 2023, with a sample of 172 university students obtained by applying the formula for the sample calculation of known populations, by means of non-probabilistic sampling. The goniometric test was used to measure joint range, the postural test to identify postural alterations, the palpation technique to identify non-specific pain, resistance test for flexor (NFMET) and extensor (NEET) muscles, and finally, the Spurling test was performed to identify cases of radiculopathy. Results. Although the statistical relationships were not consistent, it was observed that those who used cell phones longer (87.0%) showed more cervical limitations than less frequent users (73.5%). Joint mobility was limited in 84.3% of the population, especially in men (93.5%); normal muscular endurance in extension was more prevalent in men (84.9%), while impaired endurance in flexion was more prevalent in women (94.9%). Conclusions. According to the results obtained in this investigation, there was not enough evidence to determine a statistically significant relationship (P˃0.05) between cervical alterations and cell phone use, although a greater limitation was observed in the case of those who used the mobile device the longest.

Os distúrbios cervicais são um problema multifatorial que afeta a sociedade moderna. Posturas viciosas, traumas e defeitos congênitos relacionados à coluna cervical podem levar a instabilidade, impacto radicular, cervicoartrose e cervicalgia. Objetivo. Relacionar o uso de dispositivos móveis com distúrbios cervicais em estudantes universitários. Materiais e métodos. Estudo descritivo, observacional, realizado entre maio e julho de 2023, com uma amostra de 172 estudantes universitários obtida pela aplicação da fórmula para o cálculo de amostras de populações conhecidas, por meio de amostragem não probabilística. Foram utilizados o teste goniométrico para medir a amplitude articular, o teste postural para identificar alterações posturais, a técnica de palpação para identificar dores inespecíficas, o teste de resistência para músculos flexores (NFMET) e extensores (NEET) e o teste de Spurling para identificar casos de radiculopatia. Resultados. Embora as relações estatísticas não tenham sido consistentes, observou-se que aqueles que usavam telefones celulares por mais tempo (87,0%) apresentavam mais limitações cervicais do que os usuários menos frequentes (73,5%). A mobilidade articular foi limitada em 84,3% da população, especialmente no sexo masculino (93,5%); a resistência muscular normal em extensão foi mais prevalente no sexo masculino (84,9%), enquanto a resistência prejudicada em flexão foi mais prevalente no sexo feminino (94,9%). Conclusões. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, não houve evidências suficientes para determinar uma relação estatisticamente significativa (P˃0,05) entre os distúrbios cervicais e o uso de telefones celulares, embora tenha sido observada uma limitação maior no caso daqueles que usaram o dispositivo móvel por períodos mais longos.

Risk Factors for Symptomatic Cyclops Lesion Formation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Fatores de risco para formação de lesão cyclops sintomática após a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior

Abstract Objective To evaluate the incidence of symptomatic cyclops lesions requiring surgical treatment after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to establish possible intraoperative risk factors related to it. Methods Three hundred and eighty-nine patients aged between 18 and 50 years who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of symptomatic cyclops lesions, and their characteristics were compared. Patients with associated lesions that required additional surgical procedures (except anterolateral extra-articular procedures) were not included. The rate of symptomatic cyclops lesions was recorded and the following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, time from injury to surgery, graft type and diameter, femoral tunnel perforation technique, fixation type, presence of knee hyperextension, preservation of the ACL remnant, associated anterolateral extra-articular procedure, associated meniscal injury and participation in sports. Results 389 patients were evaluated and 26 (6.7%) patients developed cyclops. The patients with and without cyclops lesions did not differ in age, time from injury to surgery, graft type or diameter, surgical technique, femoral fixation method, presence of knee hyperextension, remnant preservation and associated meniscal injury. The group with cyclops lesion had a higher proportion of females (10 (38.4%) vs 68 (18.7%); OR = 2.7; p= 0.015), higher proportion of extra-articular reconstruction (18 (11.8%) vs 8 (3.4%); OR = 3.8; p= 0.001) and higher proportion of sports practice (23 (8.6%) vs 3 (2.5%); OR = 3.6; p= 0.026). Conclusion In our series, 6.7% of the patients required arthroscopic removal of cyclops lesions. Female gender, associated extra-articular reconstruction and sports practice were factors related to this lesion. Remnant preservation had no relationship with cyclops lesion formation.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a incidência de lesões cyclops sintomáticas que precisam de tratamento cirúrgico após a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) e estabelecer os possíveis fatores de risco intraoperatórios relacionados a elas. Métodos Trezentos e oitenta e nove pacientes com idades entre 18 e 50 anos submetidos à reconstrução primária do LCA foram avaliados de forma retrospectiva. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a presença ou ausência de lesões cyclops sintomáticas e suas características foram comparadas. Não foram incluídos pacientes com lesões associadas que necessitassem de outros procedimentos cirúrgicos (à exceção de procedimentos extra-articulares ântero-laterais). A taxa de lesões cyclops sintomáticas foi registrada e os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: idade, sexo, tempo da lesão à cirurgia, tipo e diâmetro do enxerto, técnica de perfuração do túnel femoral, tipo de fixação, presença de hiperextensão do joelho, preservação do LCA remanescente, associação a procedimento extra-articular ântero-lateral, lesão de menisco associada e participação em esportes. Resultados Dos 389 pacientes avaliados, 26 (6,7%) desenvolveram lesão cyclops. Os pacientes com e sem lesão cyclops não diferiram quanto à idade, tempo da lesão à cirurgia, tipo ou diâmetro do enxerto, técnica cirúrgica, método de fixação femoral, presença de hiperextensão do joelho, preservação do LCA remanescente e lesão de menisco associada. O grupo com lesão cyclops apresentou mais mulheres (10 [38,4%] vs. 68 [18,7%]; razão de probabilidades [OR] = 2,7; p= 0,015), maior proporção de reconstrução extra-articular (18 [11,8%] vs. 8 [3,4 %]; OR = 3,8; p= 0,001) e maior proporção de prática esportiva (23 [8,6%] vs. 3 [2,5%]; OR = 3,6; p= 0,026). Conclusão Em nossa série, 6,7% dos pacientes necessitaram de remoção artroscópica das lesões cyclops. O sexo feminino, a reconstrução extra-articular associada e a prática esportiva foram fatores relacionados a essa lesão. A preservação do menisco remanescente não foi associada à formação de lesões cyclops.

Eficacia de la técnica sostener relajar en comparación con el estiramiento dinámico sobre la flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales / Efficacy of the hold-relax technique compared to dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility / Eficácia da técnica segurar-relaxar comparada ao alongamento dinâmico na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais

Objetivo: el estiramiento muscular se aplica con el propósito de aumentar el arco de movimiento. Para este propósito se usan diferentes técnicas, entre ellas: la facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva (FNP) y el estiramiento dinámico, pero aún no se conoce cuál de ellas es más efectiva. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la eficacia de la técnica sostener relajar en comparación con el estiramiento dinámico sobre la flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales en adultos jóvenes sanos. Metodología: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento de dos brazos. En el estudio participaron un total de 32 voluntarios adultos jóvenes con edades entre los 18 y 30 años y fueron aleatorizados a dos grupos de intervención FNP (n = 16), dinámico (n = 16). La flexibilidad de la articulación de la rodilla se evaluó mediante el ángulo poplíteo a través de la goniometría. Resultados: los resultados de las medias edad, peso, talla e índice masa corporal son equivalentes, lo que indica grupos comparables entre sí. No se hallaron diferencias entre los grupos de estiramiento en los promedios ajustados -2.09 (IC95% -7.05 a 2.87). Conclusiones: tanto la técnica dinámica como la FNP aumentaron el arco de movimiento de rodilla, ambas técnicas de estiramiento mostraron diferencias con la línea de base. No se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos de estiramiento.

Objective: Muscle stretching is applied with the purpose of increasing range of motion. Different techniques are used for this purpose, including proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and dynamic stretching, but it is still unclear which one is more effective. The objective of this research was to estimate the efficacy of the hold-relax technique compared to dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in healthy young adults. Methodology: Randomized controlled trial with blinding, consisting of two intervention arms. The study included a total of 32 young adult volunteers aged 18 to 30 years, who were randomized into two intervention groups: PNF (n = 16) and dynamic stretching (n = 16). Knee joint flexibility was assessed using the popliteal angle measured with a goniometer. Results: The mean age, weight, height, and body mass index were found to be equivalent, indicating comparable groups. No significant differences were found between the stretching groups in the adjusted means, with a mean difference of -2.09 (95 % CI -7.05 to 2.87). Conclusions: Both dynamic stretching and PNF demonstrated an increase in knee range of motion, with both stretching techniques showing differences from the baseline. No significant differences were found between the stretching groups.

Finalidade: O alongamento muscular é aplicado com a finalidade de aumentar a ampli-tude de movimento. Para tanto, diversas técnicas são utilizadas, dentre elas: facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) e alongamento dinâmico, mas ainda não se sabe qual delas é mais eficaz. O objetivo desta investigação foi estimar a eficáciada técnica segurar-relaxar em comparação com o alongamento dinâmico na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais em adultos jovens saudáveis. Metodologia: Ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, controlado por dois braços. Um total de 32 voluntários adultos jovens com idades entre 18 e 30 anos participaram do estudo e foram randomizados para dois grupos de intervenção FNP (n = 16), dinâmico (n = 16). A flexibilidade da articulação do joelho foi avaliada por meio do ângulo poplíteo por goniometria. Resultados: os resultados das médias de idade, peso, altura e índice de massa corporal são equivalentes, o que indica grupos comparáveis entre si. Não foram encontradas dife-renças entre os grupos de alongamento nas médias ajustadas - 2,09 (IC 95 % -7,05 a 2,87). Conclusões: tanto a técnica dinâmica quanto o PNF aumentaram a amplitude de mo-vimento do joelho, ambas as técnicas de alongamento apresentaram diferenças com a linha de base. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos de alongamento.

Laboratorio de función tiroidea en pediatría. Ventajas y limitaciones de los métodos indirectos para la obtención de intervalos de referencia / Thyroid function laboratory in pediatrics. Advantages and limitations of indirect methods to obtain reference intervals

Obtener intervalos de referencia (IRs) confiables para pruebas de laboratorio en pediatría es particularmente complejo y costoso. Una alternativa a este problema es el uso de métodos indirectos, donde se usan grandes bases de datos preexistentes de pacientes. Nuestros objetivos fueron: calcular IR para TSH y hormonas tiroideas (Perfil tiroideo, PT) en población pediátrica que asiste al Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, por método indirecto y verificar la confiabilidad de los mismos para su aplicación. Se recolectaron datos de 19.842 pacientes entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2021. Se aplicaron filtros para eliminar los pacientes que pudieran tener afectado el PT. Los 4.861 pacientes incorporados al análisis fueron divididos en 3 grupos: G1: 0-12 meses (n: 551), G2:13 meses- 7 años (n: 1347) y G3: 8 -18 años (n: 2963). Los IR fueron calculados por 2 métodos: el de Hoffman adaptado y el de CLSI EP28A3, para cada grupo de edad. TSH, TT3 y T4L se analizaron con Architect i4000-Abbott y TT4 con Immulite 2000XPi-Siemens. Para la primera etapa de verificación se utilizaron 20 sueros de pacientes provenientes de análisis prequirúrgicos. Los outliers se detectaron aplicando el método de Tukey. Los datos fueron procesados según CLSI EP28A3c. Los IR obtenidos fueron similares a los previamente publicados obtenidos por método directo. Los resultados de la verificación fueron en su mayoría aceptados. Por lo tanto, los métodos indirectos son una buena alternativa de cálculo de IR en pediatría (AU)

Obtaining reliable reference ranges (RRs) for laboratory tests in pediatrics is particularly complex and costly. An alternative to this problem is to use of indirect methods, where large pre-existing patient databases are used. Our aims were to calculate RRs for TSH and thyroid hormones (thyroid profile, PT) in children seen at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan by indirect methods and to verify their reliability for their application. Data were collected from 19,842 patients seen between January 2020 and December 2021. Filters were applied to eliminate patients in whom the PT was potentially affected. The remaining 4,861 patients included in the analysis were divided into 3 groups: G1: 0-12 months (n: 551), G2: 13 months-7 years (n: 1347) and G3: 8-18 years (n: 2963). RRs were calculated by 2 methods: the adapted Hoffman method and the CLSI EP28A3 method, for each age group. TSH, TT3, and FT4 were analyzed with Architect i4000-Abbott and TT4 with Immulite 2000XPi-Siemens. For the first stage of verification, 20 patient sera from pre-surgical analysis were used. Outliers were detected by applying the Tukey method. The data were processed according to CLSI EP28A3c. The RRs obtained were similar to those previously published using the direct method. The verification results were mostly acceptable. Therefore, indirect methods are a good option for calculating RRs in children (AU)

Revisión del intervalo de referencia del recuento plaquetario: ¿son adecuados los valores que estamos utilizando? / Review of the platelet count reference range: are the values we are using appropriate?

Los intervalos de referencia (IR) dependen de la población y de las características metrológicas del procedimiento de medida utilizado. A pesar de las recomendaciones internacionales, son pocos los laboratorios que establecen sus propios IR para cada magnitud por la dificultad para conseguir voluntarios de referencia y el elevado costo económico asociado. La International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) acepta la adopción de IR bibliográficos o su cálculo por métodos indirectos dado su bajo costo y fácil obtención. Existen varias fuentes confiables de IR bibliográficos para el hemograma. No obstante, para el recuento plaquetario, es una práctica común de los laboratorios emplear el rango de valores de 150-450.109 /L independiente de la metodología utilizada y grupo etario. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar los IR bibliográficos disponibles para el recuento plaquetario y estimarlo empleando el método indirecto de Hoffmann a partir de nuestra población. Los métodos indirectos se basan en aplicar criterios de exclusión y cálculos matemáticos sobre los resultados de una base de datos de laboratorio. Nuestros IR para el recuento plaquetario se comparan con los bibliográficos, que han sido establecidos por técnicas de muestreo directo. Por este motivo y dado que no existen estudios poblacionales que lo avalen, sería apropiado reemplazar el rango de 150-450.109 / L. Estos límites podrían seguir empleándose como puntos de corte o niveles de decisión médica para definir, según la clínica y otros resultados de laboratorio, los pacientes que ameritan un seguimiento posterior (AU)

Reference ranges (RR) depend on the population and the metrological characteristics of the measurement procedure used. Despite international recommendations, few laboratories establish their own RRs for each magnitude because of the difficulty in obtaining reference volunteers and the associated high economic cost. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) accepts the use of literaturebased RRs or RRs calculated by indirect methods because of their low cost and easy collection. There are several reliable sources of literature-based RRs for the Cell Blood Count. However, for platelet count, it is common laboratory practice to use the range of 150-450,109 /L regardless of the methodology used and age group. The aim of this study was to review the available literature regarding RRs for platelet count and to establish it using the indirect Hoffmann method in our population. Indirect methods are based on applying exclusion criteria and mathematical calculations on the results of a laboratory database. Our RRs for platelet counts are compared with those in the literature, which have been established by direct sampling techniques. Therefore, and given that there are no population studies to support these findings, it would be appropriate to replace the 150-450,109 /L range. These limits may continue to be used as cut-off points or medical decision levels to define, according to clinical manifestations and other laboratory results, patients who warrant further follow-up (AU)

Long-range PCR amplification-based targeted enrichment & next generation sequencing: A cost-effective testing strategy for lysosomal storage disorders

Background & objectives: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are genetic metabolic disorders which result from deficiency of lysosomal enzymes or defects in other lysosomal components. Molecular genetic testing of LSDs is required for diagnostic confirmation when lysosomal enzyme assays are not available or not feasible to perform, and for the identification of the disease causing genetic variants. The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effective, readily customizable and scalable molecular genetic testing strategy for LSDs. Methods: A testing method was designed based on the in-house creation of selective amplicons through long range PCR amplification for targeted capture and enrichment of different LSD genes of interest, followed by next generation sequencing of pooled samples. Results: In the first phase of the study, standardization and validation of the study protocol were done using 28 samples of affected probands and/or carrier parents (group A) with previously identified variants in seven genes, and in the second phase of the study, 30 samples of enzymatically confirmed or biopsy-proven patients with LSDs and/or their carrier parents who had not undergone any prior mutation analysis (group B) were tested and the sequence variants identified in them through the study method were validated by targeted Sanger sequencing. Interpretation & conclusions: This testing approach was found to be reliable, easily customizable and cost-effective for the molecular genetic evaluation of LSDs. The same strategy may be applicable, especially in resource poor settings, for developing cost-effective multigene panel tests for other conditions with genetic heterogeneity.

Flash glucose monitoring system in patients with type 1 diabetes in healthcare center in Brazil: real world data from a short-term prospective study

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the alternate use of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) with self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG), in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and methods: Two weeks of open FGM (P2), both preceded (P1) and followed by 2 weeks (P3) of SMBG with a blinded FGM system. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) was calculated by (-FGMi − SMBGi-) / SMBGi, where it was a paired data sample. Results: In total, 34 patients were evaluated. Time in range (TIR) did not change between P1 and P2. In 12 patients (35.3%), TIR increased from 40% at P1 to 52% at P2 (p = 0.002) and in 22 (64.7%), TIR decreased or did not change. FGM use resulted in decreased % time spent in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) (6.5% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.005), increased % time spent in hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL) (44.5% to 51%; p = 0.046) with no significant change in % TIR. The proportion of patients who reached sensor-estimated glycated hemoglobin (eA1c) < 7% decreased from 23.5% at P1 to 12.9% at P2, p = 0.028. For the whole sample, the MARD between the two methods was 15.5% (95% CI 14.5-16.6%). For normal glucose range, hyperglycemic levels and hypoglycemic levels MARD were 16.0% (95% CI 15.0-17.0%), 13.3% (95% CI 11.5-15.2%) and 23.4% [95% CI 20.5-26.3%)], respectively. Conclusion: FGM after usual SMBG decreased the % time spent in hypoglycemia concomitant with an undesired increase in % time spent in hyperglycemia. Lower accuracy of FGM regarding hypoglycemia levels could result in overcorrection of hypoglycemia.

Impaired flexibility in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy: evaluation via pendulum fleximeter / Flexibilidade prejudicada em pacientes com paraparesia espástica tropical/mielopatia associada ao HTLV: avaliação via flexímetro pendular

Abstract Background Flexibility is crucial to the harmonious execution of joint movements. While skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with HTLV-1 can interfere with mobility, it is unclear whether these patients experience reduced flexibility. Objective To evaluate the differences in flexibility between HTLV-1-infected individuals with and without myelopathy compared with uninfected controls. We also investigated whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, or lower back pain influence flexibility in HTLV-1-infected individuals. Methods The sample consisted of 56 adults, of which 15 did not have HTLV-1, 15 had HTLV-1 without myelopathy, and 26 had TSP/HAM. Their flexibility was assessed using the sit-and-reach test and a pendulum fleximeter. Results No differences in flexibility were observed between the groups with and without myelopathy and controls without HTLV-1 infection using the sit-and-reach test. The pendulum fleximeter results of individuals with TSP/HAM presented the lowest flexibility among the groups with respect to trunk flexion, hip flexion and extension, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, level of physical activity, and lower back pain using multiple linear regression models. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced flexibility in movements: knee flexion, dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion. Conclusions Individuals with TSP/HAM demonstrated reduced flexibility in most of the movements evaluated by the pendulum fleximeter. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced knee and ankle flexibility, potentially representing a marker of myelopathic development.

Resumo Antecedentes A flexibilidade é fundamental para a execução harmoniosa dos movimentos articulares. Embora a disfunção do músculo esquelético em pacientes com HTLV-1 possa interferir na mobilidade, não está claro se esses pacientes apresentam flexibilidade reduzida. Objetivo Avaliar as diferenças de flexibilidade entre os indivíduos infectados com e sem mielopatia e o grupo controle sem infecção HTLV-1. Também investigamos se idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), nível de atividade física ou dor lombar influenciam a flexibilidade em indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 56 adultos, dos quais 15 não possuíam HTLV-1, 15 possuíam HTLV-1 sem mielopatia e 26 possuíam TSP/HAM. A flexibilidade foi avaliada por meio do teste de sentar e alcançar e do flexímetro de pêndulo. Resultados Não foram observadas diferenças na flexibilidade entre os grupos com e sem mielopatia no teste de sentar e alcançar. Os resultados do flexímetro pendular dos indivíduos com TSP/HAM apresentaram a menor flexibilidade entre os grupos em relação à flexão do tronco, flexão e extensão do quadril, flexão do joelho e dorsiflexão do tornozelo, mesmo após ajuste para idade, sexo, IMC, nível de atividade física e dor lombar usando modelos de regressão múltipla linear. Além disso, os indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade nos movimentos de flexão do joelho, dorsiflexão e flexão plantar do tornozelo. Conclusão Indivíduos com TSP/HAM demonstraram redução da flexibilidade na maioria dos movimentos avaliados pelo flexímetro pendular. Além disso, indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade do joelho e tornozelo, representando potencialmente um marcador de desenvolvimento mielopático.

Effect of Diurnal Temperature Range on the Number of Residents Hospitalized Due to Stroke in Lanzhou / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and the hospitalization of stroke in Lanzhou,so as to provide a scientific basis for probing into the mechanism of temperature changes in inducing stroke and formulating comprehensive prevention and control measures for stroke by relevant departments.Methods The information of the patients hospitalized due to stroke in Lanzhou during January 2014 to December 2019 and the air pollutants (PM10,SO2,and NO2) and meteorological data in the same period were collected for statistical analysis.Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlations between air pollutants and meteorological factors.The distributed lag nonlinear model was adopted to fit the relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients,and three-dimensional diagrams and the correlation diagrams of DTR against stroke risk were established.The stratified analysis was performed according to gender and age (< 65 years and ≥65 years).Results From 2014 to 2019,a total of 92 812 stroke patients were hospitalized in Lanzhou,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1.There was a nonlinear relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients in Lanzhou,which presented a lag effect.The low DTR at 4.5 ℃ had the largest RR value of 1.25 (95%CI=1.16-1.35) for stroke inpatients at a cumulative lag of 18 d.The effect of high DTR (18.5 ℃) on the hospitalization of stroke patients peaked at a cumulative lag of 21 d,with an RR value of 1.09 (95%CI=1.01-1.18).The stratified analysis results suggested that low levels of DTR had greater effects on the hospitalization of male stroke patients and stroke patients <65 years.Conclusions Short-term exposure to different levels of DTR had an impact on the number of stroke inpatients,and low levels of DTR had a slightly greater impact on stroke inpatients than high levels of DTR.Importance should be attached to the protection of males and people aged <65 years at low levels of DTR.

Clinical effect of acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster on post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the effects of acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster on pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and upper limb motor function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain (PSHSP).@*METHODS@#Eighty-two patients with PSHSP were randomly divided into an observation group (41 cases, 1 case was eliminated, 4 cases dropped out) and a control group (41 cases, 2 cases were eliminated and 2 cases dropped out). The routine treatment, nursing care and rehabilitation training were performed in the control group. On the basis of the intervention as the control group, in the observation group, the turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster was applied to bilateral ashi points, Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), Binao (LI 14), Shousanli (LI 10) and Hegu (LI 4), once a day, remained for 6 hours each time. This moxibustion therapy was operated 5 times weekly, one course of treatment consisted of 2 weeks and 2 courses were required. Separately, before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS), shoulder ROM and the score of upper limbs in Fugl-Meyer assessment (U-FMA) were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#VAS scores were lower (P<0.05), ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation was larger (P<0.05), and U-FMA scores were higher (P<0.05) after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment when compared with those before treatment in the two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, VAS score decreased (P<0.05), and ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and U-FMA score increased (P<0.05) in comparison with those after 2 weeks of treatment in either group. In the observation group, VAS scores were dropped (P<0.05) after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment respectively, and ROM of shoulder flexion and abduction enlarged after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05) when compared with those in the control group. After 4 weeks of treatment, ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation in the observation group was larger (P<0.05) and U-FMA score was higher (P<0.05) than those in the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster may effectively reduce the degree of shoulder pain and improve the shoulder range of motion and the upper limb motor function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Determination of suspended erythrocyte volume range and establishment of its internal control standard / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To determine the volume range of suspended erythrocyte and establish its internal control standard. 【Methods】 The theoretical value of suspended erythrocyte volume was calculated according to the screening criteria of healthy blood donors and Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Blood Components. A total of 2 410 bags of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte were randomly selected and weighed, and the volume range were formulated by ±2S and ±10% respectively and then compared to determine the volume range in line with the actual situation of our center. 【Results】 The theoretical volume range of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte were 117-160 mL vs 234-320 mL, and the actual volume range were 142-180 mL vs 276-393 mL. The volume range of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte formulated by ±2S were 145-181 mL vs 298-358 mL, and by ±10% were 147-179 mL vs 295-361 mL. The hematocrit and hemoglobin content of suspended erythrocyte within the actual volume range met the quality requirements. There were fluctuations in the volume of suspended erythrocyte from different regions. 【Conclusion】 Based on the actual situation of our center and the sampling results of suspended erythrocytes in recent two years, 163 mL±10% and 328 mL±10% were determined as the internal control standards of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte, respectively. Blood centers should establish accurate and feasible standard of suspended erythrocyte according to the actual situation.

A multi-center analysis of thyroid-stimulating hormone level in apparently healthy elderly population in China / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and its changes with age in apparently healthy Chinese elderly population and analyze the differences between TSH levels detected using Roche and Snibe electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzers.@*METHODS@#General clinical data and frozen fasting serum samples were collected from 5451 apparently healthy Chinese elderly individuals (> 60 years) from 10 centers in different geographic regions in China. Thyroid function indexes including TSH level were detected using Roche and Snibe electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer, and the median (2.5% and 97.5% quantiles) TSH level was calculated. The variations of TSH level among the participants with geographic regions, gender, and age (with an interval of 5 years) were analyzed to determine the influence of these factors on TSH level.@*RESULTS@#The reference ranges of serum TSH level established using Roche and Snibe electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzers were 0.42-9.47 mU/L and 0.36-7.98 mU/L, respectively, showing significant differences between the two methods (P < 0.001). The TSH levels measured at two centers in Western China were significantly higher than those at the other centers (P < 0.05). In elderly male population, serum TSH level tended to increase with age, which was not observed in elderly female population. At the age of 60-75 years, women generally had higher serum TSH level than men, but this difference was not observed in the population beyond 75 years.@*CONCLUSION@#In elderly population, serum TSH level can vary with geographic region, gender, and age, but there was no need for establishing specific reference ranges for these factors. The differences between different detection methods should be evaluated when interpreting the detection results of TSH level.

Taxonomic and faunistic study of four almost unknown Brazilian Meloidae (Coleoptera)

ABSTRACT The Brazilian fauna of Meloidae is poorly studied, even though it includes more than 160 species. In this paper, we aimed at widening the knowledge on four species of blister beetles from this country. Specifically, we defined the uncertain range of Tetraonyx angulicollis, as extended in south-eastern Brazil rather than in Mexico, and implemented the description of the species with figures. We studied the taxonomy and distribution of three almost unknown species of Nemognatha from Brazil, São Paulo State, providing descriptions and figures of sexual characters and colour variability of N. beauregardi, to which is probably referable as a junior synonym of N. plaumanni, of N. rufoscutellaris and of N. cfr. gounellei. Moreover, we assigned these three species to the subgenus Pauronemognatha, recently recorded from South America.

Acometimento do sistema musculoesquelético por queimaduras de terceiro grau em pacientes ambulatoriais: Série de casos / Musculoskeletal system involvement by third degree burns in ambulatory patients: Case series

OBJETIVO: Descrever acometimentos no sistema musculoesquelético de pessoas com sequela de queimadura de terceiro grau quanto à amplitude de movimento, flexibilidade e força muscular, cujo acompanhamento fisioterapêutico foi realizado em regime ambulatorial. MÉTODO: Série de casos com sete sujeitos avaliados no Laboratório do Movimento ­ Dr. Cláudio A. Borges utilizando o goniômetro para mensuração da amplitude de movimento de membros superiores e inferiores, teste de Thomas modificado e teste de Sentar e Alcançar para flexibilidade de retofemoral e isquiotibiais, dinamômetros Jamar® e Lafayette® para quantificar a força de preensão manual e de membros inferiores, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: O principal agente causador das queimaduras foi o álcool líquido e todos os casos apresentaram déficit de amplitude de movimento e força muscular em membros inferiores maior em relação aos membros superiores, bem como, redução da flexibilidade de retofemoral e isquiotibiais e redução da força de preensão manual e de membros inferiores, quando observados os valores de normalidade descritos na literatura. CONCLUSÕES: As queimaduras de terceiro grau causam perdas nas características teciduais da pele e do músculo que culminam em déficits no sistema musculoesquelético e podem causar dependência de cuidados devido à presença de alterações físicas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe affections of the musculoskeletal system in people with after-effects from third degree burns sequelae regarding to range of motion, flexibility and muscular strength, whose physiotherapeutic follow-up was performed in outpatient regimen. METHODS: Case series with seven subjects evaluated in the Laboratory of Movement - Dr. Cláudio A. Borges using the goniometer for measuring upper and lower limb range of motion, modified Thomas test, and Sit and Reach test for flexibility of rectus femoris and hamstrings, Jamar® dynamometer and Lafayette® to quantify manual and lower limb grip strength, respectively. RESULTS: The primary agent for the burns was liquid alcohol and all cases presented a deficit of range of motion and muscle strength in the lower limbs larger than the upper limbs, as well, reduction of rectus femoris and hamstrings' flexibility and reduction of manual gripping strength and lower limbs, when the normality values described in the literature were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Third degree burns cause loss of the tissue and muscles' characteristics, which culminates in deficits in the musculoskeletal system and can cause dependence on care due to the presence of physical changes.

Effects of abdominal core strengthening on flexibility in tae kwon do athletes / Efeitos do fortalecimento do centro abdominal sobre a flexibilidade dos atletas de tae kwon do / Efectos del fortalecimiento del núcleo abdominal en la flexibilidad de los atletas de tae kwon do

ABSTRACT Introduction In competitive sports like Tae Kwon Do, the body remains in constant disequilibrium and displacement. In this state, the limbs generate and transmit energy through the muscles of the abdominal core, which is the main link in the human kinetic energy chain. Objective Explore the effect of abdominal core strength on improving flexibility in taekwondo athletes. Methods Thirty male athletes were selected, with a minimum sport time limit of 4 years, and a mean age of 21±1 years. They were randomly divided into three groups, A, B and C, with 10 people in each group. Group A participated in stable abdominal core strength training, 1 hour daily, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Results Intra-group comparisons: There were extremely significant differences between groups A, B and C; extremely significant differences were found between the first and second and third times in group A; when compared, the first, second and third times in group B also showed modifications. Conclusion Stable and unstable core strength training can improve flexibility; after training, flexibility gains from unstable abdominal core strength training are more lasting. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Em esportes competitivos como o Tae Kwon Do, o corpo permanece em constante desequilíbrio e deslocamento. Neste estado, os membros geram e transmitem energia através dos músculos do centro abdominal, que é o elo principal da cadeia de energia cinética humana. Objetivo Explorar o efeito da força do centro abdominal na melhoria da flexibilidade dos atletas de taekwondo. Métodos Foram selecionados 30 atletas masculinos, com limite de tempo esportivo mínimo de 4 anos, e idade média de 21±1 anos. Foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos, A, B e C, com 10 pessoas em cada grupo. O grupo A participou do treinamento estável da força do centro abdominal, 1 hora diária, 3 vezes por semana, por um total de 12 semanas. Resultados Comparações intra-grupo: Houve diferenças extremamente significativas entre os grupos A, B e C; foram encontradas diferenças extremamente significativas entre a primeira e segunda e terceira vez no grupo A; quando comparados, a primeira, segunda e terceira vezes do grupo B também apresentaram modificações. Conclusão O treinamento estável e instável da força do centro abdominal pode melhorar a flexibilidade; após o treinamento, os ganhos de flexibilidade do treinamento instável da força do centro abdominal são mais duradouros. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción En los deportes de competición como el Tae Kwon Do, el cuerpo permanece en constante desequilibrio y desplazamiento. En este estado, las extremidades generan y transmiten energía a través de los músculos del núcleo abdominal, que es el principal eslabón de la cadena de energía cinética humana. Objetivo Explorar el efecto de la fuerza del núcleo abdominal en la mejora de la flexibilidad en atletas de taekwondo. Métodos Se seleccionaron 30 atletas masculinos, con un tiempo mínimo de práctica deportiva de 4 años, y una edad media de 21±1 años. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en tres grupos, A, B y C, con 10 personas en cada grupo. El grupo A participó en un entrenamiento de fuerza abdominal estable, 1 hora diaria, 3 veces por semana, durante un total de 12 semanas. Resultados Comparaciones intragrupo: Hubo diferencias extremadamente significativas entre los grupos A, B y C; se encontraron diferencias extremadamente significativas entre el primer y el segundo y tercer tiempo del grupo A; cuando se compararon, el primer, el segundo y el tercer tiempo del grupo B también mostraron modificaciones. Conclusión El entrenamiento de la fuerza del núcleo estable e inestable puede mejorar la flexibilidad; después del entrenamiento, las ganancias de flexibilidad del entrenamiento de la fuerza del núcleo abdominal inestable son más duraderas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impacts of lower limb flexibility exercise on aerobic gymnastics performance / Impactos do exercício de flexibilidade para membros inferiores sobre o desempenho da ginástica aeróbica / Impactos del ejercicio de flexibilidad para los miembros inferiores en el rendimiento de la gimnasia aeróbica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic gymnastics is a sport that involves a sense of beauty, rhythm and dance, with high artistic expressiveness, characteristics that have favored a strong population adherence. It is believed that the specific flexibility exercise can add a greater visual impact to their artistic movements, raising their competitive performance. Objective: Verify the impacts of lower limb flexibility exercise on the performance of aerobics athletes. Methods: Six aerobics athletes were selected to perform an 8-week experiment, adopting the PNF methodology for training. The impacts on lower limb flexibility were measured before and after the experiment, these data were analyzed and studied statistically. Results: The results of the long jump in the physical quality index of the athletes increased by 0.1209 m; the added value in the two-minute, 10-m backstroke test was 1.46. The movement performance indexes showed expressive increases: flexion increased by 2.62; right angle support increased by 0.78; split leg jump increased by 1.95; standing jump with eyes closed and the foot balance quality index was 4.63. Conclusion: Lower limb flexibility exercise can positively impact the performance of aerobic gymnastics athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A ginástica aeróbica é um esporte que envolve senso de beleza, ritmo e dança, com alta expressividade artística, características que favoreceram uma forte adesão populacional. Acredita-se que o exercício específico de flexibilidade possa adicionar um maior impacto visual aos seus movimentos artísticos, elevando o desempenho competitivo. Objetivo: Verificar os impactos do exercício de flexibilidade dos membros inferiores sobre o desempenho dos atletas de aeróbica. Métodos: Seis atletas de aeróbica foram selecionados para realizar uma experiência de 8 semanas, adotando a metodologia PNF para o treinamento. Os impactos sobre a flexibilidade dos membros inferiores foram aferidos antes e depois do experimento, esses dados foram analisados e estudados estatisticamente. Resultados: Os resultados do salto em distância no índice de qualidade física dos atletas aumentaram em 0,1209 m; o valor agregado no teste de dois minutos e 10 m de recuo foi de 1,46. Os índices de desempenho do movimento apresentaram aumentos expressivos: de flexão teve um aumento de 2,62; apoio em ângulo reto aumentou 0,78; salto de pernas divididas aumentou 1,95; salto de pé com os olhos fechados e o índice de qualidade de equilíbrio dos pés foi de 4,63. Conclusão: O exercício de flexibilidade para membros inferiores pode impactar positivamente o desempenho dos atletas de ginástica aeróbica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La gimnasia aeróbica es un deporte que envuelve un sentido de belleza, ritmo y danza, con alta expresividad artística, características que favorecieron una fuerte adhesión de la población. Se cree que el ejercicio específico de la flexibilidad puede agregar un mayor impacto visual a sus movimientos artísticos, elevando el desempeño competitivo. Objetivo: Verificar los impactos del ejercicio de flexibilidad de los miembros inferiores en el desempeño de atletas de aeróbica. Métodos: Seis atletas de aeróbic fueron seleccionados para realizar un experimento de 8 semanas, adoptando la metodología PNF para el entrenamiento. Los impactos en la flexibilidad de los miembros inferiores fueron medidos antes y después del experimento, estos datos fueron analizados y estudiados estadísticamente. Resultados: Los resultados del salto de longitud en el índice de la calidad física de los atletas aumentaron en 0,1209 m; el valor añadido en la prueba de dos minutos y 10 m de espalda fue de 1,46. Los índices de rendimiento de movimiento mostraron aumentos expresivos: de flexión tuvo un aumento de 2,62; apoyo en ángulo recto aumentó 0,78; salto de pierna dividida aumentó 1,95; salto de pie con los ojos cerrados y el índice de calidad de equilibrio de los pies fue de 4,63. Conclusión: El ejercicio de flexibilidad de los miembros inferiores puede influir positivamente en el rendimiento de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.