Eficácia da redilatação coronária em portadores de reestenose da artéria descendente anterior / Efficacy of repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for coronary restenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical characteristics, acute and long term results of repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for restenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LDA) METHODS: We studied 113 patients, 79 male, mean age 59 years, 49.5 had stable angina, with single vessel proximal LDA disease undergoing repeat PTCA for a first restenosis from January/88 to December/92. We examined the in hospital outcome (success rate and complications) and long term follow up (angina status, occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), death and need for repeat PTCA or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) of this subgroup. RESULTS: Primary success was 96. Complications included: 1 MI, 1 emergency CABG and 1 procedural death. Follow up data (mean 42 months) was available in 102 (94) out of 109 patients with successful repeat PTCA: 64 (63) patients were asymptomatic, 5 (5) had a MI and 28 (27) required repeat PTCA or CABG. Actuarial 5 year freedom from death was 94, freedom from death and MI was 91 and freedom from death, MI and repeat PTCA or CABG was 52. CONCLUSION: Repeat PTCA is an effective treatment for proximal LAD restenosis with a high success rate, low incidence of procedural complications and provides excellent long term cardiac survival, however repeat revascularization is frequently required.

Objetivo - Analisar as características clínicas e angiográficas, e a evolução hospitalar e tardia dos pacientes submetidos à redilatação pós-reestenose da artéria coronária descendente anterior (DA). Métodos - Cento e treze pacientes uniarteriais, sendo 89 (79%) homens, com média de idade de 59 anos, 49,5% com quadro de angina estável, foram submetidos a angioplastia coronária eletiva da DA e redilatados no período de janeiro/88 a dezembro/92. Foram analisados quanto à evolução hospitalar (sucesso e complicações) e tardia (ocorrência de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), óbito e necessidade de novos procedimentos de revascularização - NPR). Resultados - O sucesso primário foi de 96%, ocorrendo 1% de JAM, 1% de cirurgia de emergência (CE) e 1% de óbito. Foram seguidos 102 (94%) pacientes, em média por 42 meses, sendo que 63% estavam assintomáticos, 5% apresentaram IAM, 5% morreram e 27% necessitaram NPR (aterectomia ou cirurgia). As curvas actuariais de 5 anos revelaram 94% de sobrevida global, 91% de sobrevida livre de IAM e 52% de sobrevida livre de IAM e NPR. Conclusão -A redilatação coronária pós-reestenose da DA é procedimento seguro e eficaz. As curvas actuariais revelaram excelente prognóstico, embora NPR sejam freqüentes

Oclusão aguda pós-angioplastia coronária. Manuseio precoce e evolução tardia / Acute Closure After Coronary Angioplasty. Management and Follow-Up

PURPOSE--Assess the efficacy of the different strategies employed in the management of acute closure and verify the late prognosis of patients who develop this complication. METHODS--From january 1987, through December 1990, 2315 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in our Institution. We analyzed 100 patients who had had acute closure of the dilated vessel determining the total incidence of myocardial infarction and death, the effectiveness of the different treatment strategies and clinical and angiographic predictors of poor in-hospital outcome. Late follow-up was obtained in the hospital survivors. RESULTS--The incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the group of 100 patients was 57; death occurred in 12of the patients. Forty-one individuals were referred to emergency bypass surgery, 35 received clinical treatment and 24 underwent redilatation of the vessel. Those managed clinically had a higher incidence of myocardial infarction compared to the ones who underwent either redilatation or surgery (74.3versus 50and 48.8). The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < 45(44.4, p < 0.001) and in procedures involving the left anterior descending artery (20, p < 0.05); patients undergoing repeat dilatation had the lower death rate (4.2versus 8.6in the clinical group and 17.1in the surgical group). Late follow-up was obtained in 65 of 88 hospital survivors (mean follow-up = 17 months). Patients who underwent repeat dilatation were significantly less symptomatic in the follow-up than those who received medical therapy during the acute phase (89versus 60.9of patients without symptoms respectively, p < 0.05). Patients who were referred to surgery had also a tendency towards having less symptoms (87.5of asymptomatic patients in the late follow-up) although the difference was not statistically significant (0.01 > p > 0.05). CONCLUSION--Acute coronary occlusion is a serious complication of angioplasty and is associated with high rates of major complications (myocardial infarction, death). Low left ventricular ejection fraction and PTCA involving the left anterior descending are predictors of higher in-hospital mortality in patients with acute closure. Late outcome is less favourable in patients submitted to clinical treatment in the acute phase.