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The term "damage control surgery" proposed by Rotondo and Schwab in 1993 refers to the rapid initial control of bleeding and contamination, temporary abdominal closure, resuscitation in the ICU, and subsequent reexploring with definitive repair. Based on four cases, we propose a surgical technique with latex hemostatic packing that prevents surgical reexploration. It consists in hemostasis, placing a latex glove filled with 0.9% sodium chloride (latex hemostatic pack) in the area of bleeding and bringing the mouth of the glove through the abdominal wall. Following content evacuation, the glove is removed within 48 to 72 hours.
El nombre de 'cirugía control de daños' fue acuñado en 1993 por Rotondo y Schwab, y hace referencia al control inicial rápido de la hemorragia y contaminación, cierre abdominal temporal, reanimación en la UCI y reexploración subsecuente con reparación definitiva. En base a cuatro casos, se presenta la propuesta de una técnica quirúrgica con un empaquetado hemostático de látex que evita la reexploración quirúrgica, que consiste en hemostasia, colocación de guante de látex lleno con cloruro de sodio al 0,9% (empaquetado hemostático de látex) en la zona de lecho sangrante, sacando la boca de guante a través de la pared abdominal. Se le retira evacuando previamente el contenido, en 48 a 72 horas.
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Background: Cardiac Surgery being the most modern and conceptualized surgery which involves cardiopulmonary bypass Clotting Mechanism, Temperature Control, Hemodilution, and Cardioplegic arrest, etc. The failure of any of these mechanisms ends up in a cascading effect of morbidity and mortality of the patients. The aim of the study: The present study was primarily undertaken to study the incidence off Reexploration in Cardiac Surgery among patients subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass, thereby identifying the factors contributing to Reexploration and adopting suitable measures to reduce the incidence of Reexploration. Materials and methods: Totally 25 patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. Patients who had a problem of bleeding underwent Reexploration. Patients included in the study belonged to both sexes and age groups varying from 11 to 68 years. The patients were subjected to routine investigations. Results: It was as high as 25% among the patient belonging to three different age groups (20-30), (40-50) and (50-60). The incidence of Reexploration was 58.3% (14/24) among patients who were CPB time exceeded 120 minutes. The overall incidence of Reexploration following open heart surgery was 1.38% (7/25). Among the patients to underwent Reexploration. Patients who underwent open Heart Surgery accounted for 29.16% (7/25) of patients. The incidence of Mortality in this group Pon. A. Rajarajan. Incidence of reexploration in cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass at Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. IAIM, 2019; 6(4): 20-25. Page 21 was 28.57% (2/7) of patients. Among the 7 patients who had Reexploration 71.4% (5/7 of patients had an uneventful course after Reexploration). 7 Patients who had valve replacement surgery accounted for among the total of 25 patients who had an undergone Reexploration accounting for 29.1% of all cases of Reexploration. 71.4% (5/7) who had undergone Mitral Valve replacement patients accounted for 71.4% (5/7) of Reexploration. Aortic valve replacement patients accounted for 14.2% (1/7). Double Valve replacement patients accounted for 14.2% (1/7). Overall Mortality following Reexploration in this group was 71.42% (5/7). 7 Patients who had a Reexploration after Valve replacement Surgery 28.5% (2/7) of the patients were undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement for Restenosis. One patient who was Reexplored for Post-operative bleeding had a Left Ventricle Free Wall rupture following Mitral Valve Replacement. Conclusion: Attention towards meticulous hemostasis prior to closure is Mandatory. A sound surgical technique will reduce the incidence of bleeding from sites of Cannulation and Anastomosis. Adoption OFF PUMP CABG has shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative bleeding and Morbidity when compare to ON PUMPCABG.
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@#The incidence of postoperative excessive bleeding and reexploration is relatively high, and it will bring a series of serious complications, such as an additional surgery, a longer intensive care unit stay, longer time on mechanical ventilation, an increase need of allogeneic blood product transfusions and increased mortality. However, the understanding of postoperative excessive bleeding and reexploration in China is significantly different from the international level, and the understanding of postoperative excessive bleeding and reexploration after cardiac surgery in clinical work is still not enough. This review will focus on some problems, such as related factors analysis of postoperative excessive bleeding, hemostatic process optimization and the serious complications of reexploration after cardiac surgery.
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Introducción: aproximadamente entre el 5% y el 10% de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular requieren de una reexploración de urgencia. Es el sangrado postoperatorio la primera causa de reintervención de urgencia en un paciente operado de cirugía cardiovascular. El presente trabajo pretende mostrar el comportamiento de la reexploración en pacientes operados de cirugía cardíaca en el servicio y determinar cuáles fueron los principales factores de riesgo asociados a este proceder así como la evolución y el comportamiento de los costos. Objetivos: determinar los factores de riesgo de reintervención de urgencia en cirugía cardiovascular y evaluar los costos hospitalarios por reintervención. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos (n=47) y controles (n=916) en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Hermano Ameijeiras en el período comprendido entre enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2009. Se compararon variables como: edad, sexo, peso, talla, antecedentes, medicación preoperatoria, necesidad de sangre y hemoderivados, horas de ventilación mecánica, estadio hospitalario, evolución, mortalidad y costos hospitalarios. Resultados: se encontró como factores predisponentes el sexo masculino, la cardiopatía isquémica, la fiebre reumática, la endocarditis infecciosa, las hepatopatías, antecedentes de accidentes vasculares encefálicos y niveles elevados de creatinina. La ingestión preoperatoria de diuréticos, anticoagulantes y antiagregantes plaquetarios se relacionó con un mayor número de reintervenciones. La reexploración se relacionó con un aumento de: consumo de sangre y hemoderivados, tiempo de circulación extracorpórea, tiempo de ventilación mecánica, estadía en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Quirúrgicos y Hospitalaria, tasa de infecciones, mortalidad y un incremento de los costos. El 81% de las reintervenciones no tenían una causa quirúrgica. Conclusiones: existe un grupo de parámetros que se comportan como factores de riesgo para la reexploración de urgencia. Los pacientes reintervenidos presentaron una mayor morbimortalidad y representaron un mayor costo para el sistema de salud. La utilización de un tromboelastógrafo representaría un ahorro anual de 350 mil dólares.
Rescan emergency cardiovascular surgery service Ameijeiras Brothers Hospital between 2008 and 2009. Introduction: approximately between 5% and 10% of the subjected patients to cardiovascular surgery require of an urgent reexploratión. It is the postoperative bleeding the first cause of reintervention of urgency in an operated patient of cardiovascular surgery. The present work seeks to show the behavior of the reexploratión in operated patients of heart surgery in the service and to determine which the main factors of risk were associated to this to proceed as well as the evolution and the behavior of the costs. Objective: determine the risk factors of emergency reintervention in cardiovascular surgery and to evaluate the hospital costs of reintervention.Materials and Methods: it was performed a retrospective case-control study (cases n=47, controls n=916) in the Cardiovascular Surgery Service of the Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras on the period between January 2008 and December 2009. We compared variables such as: age, sex, weight, height, background, preoperative medication, use of blood and blood products, hours of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, development, mortality and hospital costs. Results: we found predisposing factors such as male gender, ischemic cardiomyopathy, rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, hepatopathies, history of stroke and elevated creatinine levels. Preoperative intake of diuretics, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents was associated with an increased number of reinterventions. Reintervention was associated with increased consumption of blood and blood products, longer cardiopulmonary bypass, longer mechanical ventilation, increasedUCIQ and Hospital stay, higher rate of infections, increased mortality and increasedcosts. 81% of the reoperations did not have a surgical cause. Conclusions: there is a set of parameters that act as risk factors for emergency reintervention. Reoperated patients had higher morbidity and mortality, and represented a greater cost to the health system. The use of a thromboelastograph would represent an annual saving of $ 350 000.
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Emergências , Cirurgia Geral , Cirurgia TorácicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Cervical chylous fistula (CF) development is a rare complication after neck dissection in patients with thyroid carcinoma. However, CFs are potentially fatal if left untreated. The present study evaluated three CF management protocols in thyroid cancer patients who had undergone neck dissection. METHODS: A total of 22 CF cases developed in the 353 neck dissections performed in 309 thyroid cancer patients over a period of 2 years. The CF cases involved 6 males and 16 females with a median age of 43.3 years (range, 26-63). The patients weredivided into 3 groups for analysis based on treatment modalities: Group A (n=14), conservative treatment only; Group B (n=5), conservative treatment plus Sandostatin® administration (initially, there were 7 patients in this group, but 2 patients were converted to re-surgery) Group C (n=3), re-surgery due to high-output fistula (>500 ml/d), which in some cases did not respond to conservative treatment plus SandostatinⓇ. Each group was analyzed in terms of total drainage volume, duration of hospital stay and response to treatment. RESULTS: Eighteen CFs occurred in left neck dissection patients, and 4 in right neck patients. Chylous drainage was greater in left neck compared to right neck patients (P= 0.033). All right-sided fistulasclosed following conservative treatment only. The chyle drainage period was longer for Group A (7.6 days) than Group B (4.2 days) patients (P= 0.019), and the duration of hospital stay was longer for Group A than Group B patients (P=0.026). In Group C, re-surgery to close the fistula resulted in termination of chyle flow in all cases. The only complication was wound infection in 1 case (4.6 %). There were no recurrences of CFs in any group. CONCLUSION: The majority of CF cases can be successfully controlled using conservative treatment only. The additional use of Sandostatin® can reduce the duration of CF drainage and lead to earlier CF closure. However, in case where fistula output exceeds 500 ml/d, early re-surgery should be considered.