Marine and coastal biodiversity studies, 60 years of research funding from FAPESP, what we have learned and future challenges / Estudos de biodiversidade marinha e costeira, 60 anos de financiamento à pesquisa da FAPESP, o que aprendemos e desafios futuros

Abstract In this study we survey and analyze 300 projects related to marine biodiversity funded by FAPESP from 1972 to 2021, of which 46 were nested in the BIOTA Program. From a unique project in the 1970's, the number gradually increased until 2009, when BIOTA promoted a call on marine biodiversity, which led to a boost in the number of funded projects in the subsequent years. The geographical range of the projects expanded over the years and, from studies based on the coast of São Paulo State, the focus gradually shifted to broader areas of the Brazilian coast, then to other areas of the Atlantic, and eventually became global. The majority of projects focused on coastal benthic organisms living on hard-bottom. In terms of taxa, six groups accounted for about 60% of the projects (viz. Crustacea, Actinopterygii, Mollusca, Chondrichthyes, Cnidaria, and Rhodophyta), but it is observed an increase in the number of groups studied over the decades. The 300 projects refer to a set of 82 different topics, of which the top five are taxonomy, phylogeny, community, "omics", and pollution. The analyses show a long-standing effort in marine biodiversity surveys, with ongoing updated approaches regarding scope and methods. Research on strategic areas is discussed, including deep-sea and marine microbiota. Climate change and the increasing pressure of human activity on the ocean, including pollution, acidification and invasive species, are among the main challenges for the future. Projects producing and using basic research data in an integrative and transdisciplinary way offer multiple perspectives in understanding changes in ecosystem functioning and, consequently, are essential to support public policies for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity at different scales. UNESCO's Decade of Ocean (starting 2021) is a window of opportunity to strengthen marine research, to promote national and international collaboration, to build up networks involving the public and private sector, but particularly to draw society's attention to the importance of knowing marine environments and using ocean resources in a sustainable way. The advancement of ocean literacy is one of the main legacies for future generations promoted by integrated research programs such as BIOTA-FAPESP.

Resumo Neste estudo levantamos e analisamos 300 projetos relacionados à biodiversidade marinha financiados pela FAPESP entre 1972 a 2021, dos quais 46 foram realizados no Programa BIOTA. De um projeto único na década de 1970, o número foi aumentando gradativamente até 2009, quando o BIOTA promoveu uma chamada sobre biodiversidade marinha, o que impulsionou o número de projetos financiados nos anos seguintes. A abrangência geográfica dos projetos se expandiu ao longo dos anos e, a partir de estudos baseados no litoral do Estado de São Paulo, o foco gradualmente se deslocou para áreas mais amplas da costa brasileira, depois para outras áreas do Atlântico, e acabou se tornando global. A maioria dos projetos se concentrou em organismos costeiros, bentônicos, em substrato consolidado. Em termos de táxons, seis grupos responderam por cerca de 60% dos projetos (Crustacea, Actinopterygii, Mollusca, Chondrichthyes, Cnidaria e Rhodophyta), mas observa-se um aumento no número de grupos estudados ao longo das décadas. Os 300 projetos referem-se a um conjunto de 82 temas diferentes, dos quais os cinco principais são taxonomia, filogenia, comunidade, "ômicas" e poluição. As análises mostram um esforço de longa data em pesquisas de biodiversidade marinha, com abordagens atualizadas em relação ao escopo e métodos. A pesquisa em áreas estratégicas é discutida, incluindo os estudos sobre a microbiota marinha e em águas profundas. As mudanças climáticas e a crescente pressão da atividade humana sobre o oceano, incluindo poluição, acidificação e espécies invasoras, estão entre os principais desafios para o futuro. Projetos de produção e uso de dados de pesquisa básica de forma integrada e transdisciplinar oferecem múltiplas perspectivas de compreensão das mudanças no funcionamento dos ecossistemas e, consequentemente, são essenciais para subsidiar políticas públicas de conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade marinha em diferentes escalas. A Década do Oceano da UNESCO (a partir de 2021) é uma janela de oportunidade para fortalecer a pesquisa marinha, promover a colaboração nacional e internacional, construir redes envolvendo os setores público e privado, mas principalmente para chamar a atenção da sociedade para a importância de conhecer os ambientes marinhos e utilizar os recursos oceânicos de forma sustentável. O avanço da "alfabetização" oceânica é um dos principais legados para as gerações futuras promovidos por programas integrados de pesquisa como o BIOTA-FAPESP.

The research progress in the treatment of advanced sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, which has rapid progression, high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Studies have shown that cytoreductive surgery, chemotherapy or targeted therapy are not effective to patients with advanced sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. With the further study of pathogenesis and molecular biological characteristics of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, it is found that the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in it are higher than those of other subtypes, so the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy have become the first-line therapy. This article mainly reviews the latest treatments for advanced sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted drugs, immunotherapy and so on.

Analysis of the development trend of small nucleic acid drugs / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To know about the development trend of small nucleic acid drugs in the world ，to provide reference for the research and development of small nucleic acid drug in China. METHODS By searching the academic literature and patents related to small nucleic acid drugs through the Web of Science literature database and PatSnap patent database from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 2021，research and development situation of small nucleic acid drugs were revealed comprehensively by analyzing research enthusiasm，R&D countries ，R&D institutions and technical topics of small nucleic acid drugs. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 59 819 documents and 37 645 patent groups were included. The global trend of small nucleic acid drug literature publication and patent application could be divided into three stages. From 2003 to 2021，the research enthusiasm for small nucleic acid drugs continued to increase. The United States ，China，Japan and Germany were the main research and development countries for small nucleic acid drugs. The number of document publications （25 703，15 927 papers）and patent applications （14 240、8 937 groups） in the United States and China were ahead of other countries ，and the research and development activities were relatively strong. Moreover，the number of document publications and patent applications in China in this field had grown rapidly in recent years. The R&D institution with the largest number of publications was the University of California （2 499 papers），the R&D institution with the largest number of patent applications was the American Ionis Corporation （1 378 groups），and the Chinese Academy of Sciences （1 580 papers）had been shortlisted among the top 10 document producing institutions in the world. However ，our country ’s research and development in this field are mostly based on basic research ，and the research on industrial application is slightly insufficient. The research focus in the field of small nucleic acid drugs mainly focuses on nucleic acid sequences and their modification and improvement and drug loading technology. RNA interference technology has gradually become a hot technology for small nucleic acid drugs.

Formación doctoral en el Hospital Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez / Doctoral training at Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez Hospital

Introducción: La Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana centra sus esfuerzos en impulsar la formación doctoral a nivel institucional para incrementar el número de doctores en ciencias del claustro. Esto ha favorecido el aumento de proyectos investigativos institucionales, así como la participación en eventos, Jornadas Científicas, Fórum de Ciencia y Técnica, y publicaciones científicas, entre otros. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la implementación del doctorado tutelar institucional en el Hospital "Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez". Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, en el que se utilizaron los métodos análisis documental de la sección de Posgrado e investigaciones del Departamento Docente del Hospital Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez, 2015-2020; y sistémico, estructural y funcional, para manifestar las interrelaciones entre los componentes de análisis del programa de formación doctoral a profesionales del área asistencial en las Ciencias de la Educación Médica. Resultados: Desde noviembre de 2017, la implementación de la formación doctoral en el Departamento Docente del hospital, encaminada a la formación de Doctores en Ciencias en Educación Médica, posibilitó el desarrollo de investigaciones científicas como ejecución de proyectos investigativos, tutorías, participación en eventos científicos, publicaciones, etcétera. En la actualidad han participado en este programa 46 profesionales, se cuenta con 73 proyectos investigativos institucionales, 84 publicaciones, y varias actividades científicas encaminadas al cumplimiento del programa. Conclusiones: El hospital Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez cuenta con una formación para la obtención del grado científico que ha logrado incrementar sustancialmente la producción científica desde el fortalecimiento de las competencias investigativas de los profesionales para el desarrollo de la investigación en la institución(AU)

Introduction: The University of Medical Sciences of Havana focuses its efforts on promoting doctoral training at the institutional level in order to increase the number of doctors of philosophy as part of the faculty. This has permitted an increase in the institutional research projects, as well as participation in events, scientific meetings, science and technology fora, and scientific publications, among others. Objective: To assess the results of the implementation of the institutional doctoral research at Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez Hospital. Methods: Descriptive study carried out through the use of the document analysis methods from the Postgraduate and Research Section of the Teaching Department at Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez Hospital, from 2015-2020. Also, the systemic, structural and functional methods were used, to show the interrelationships between the components of analysis of the doctoral training program for professionals in the healthcare area in the sciences of medical education. Results: Since November 2017, the implementation of doctoral training in the Teaching Department of the Hospital, aimed at the training of Doctors of Philosophy in Medical Education, made possible the development of scientific research as the practical development of research projects, scientific advice, participation in scientific events, publications, among others. Currently, 46 professionals have participated in this program, there are 73 institutional research projects, 84 publications, and various scientific activities aimed at fulfilling the program. Conclusions: Dr. Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez Hospital provides training in view of obtaining the scientific degree that has managed to increase substantially scientific production from the strengthening of research competences in professionals for the development of research at the institution(AU)

Research development on modern pharmacological effect of tetrandrine / 中国中药杂志

Han stephania, also known as Stephania tetrandra, expelling wind, relieve pain and inducing diuresis for removing edema, is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia. Alkaloids have an important pharmacodynamic basis in S. tetrandra, and tetrandrine is one kind content of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which has many biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor in many ways, clinically inhibiting multiple inflammatory factors, preventing and treating liver fibrosis and renal fibrosis and many other kinds of fibrotic diseases, and in addition, tetrandrine could work synergistically with other drugs. In recent years, through in-depth research by scholars at home and abroad, it has been found that tetrandrine has a protective effect on the nervous system and ischemia-reperfusion injury. At the same time, as a calcium ion antagonist, tetrandrine could effectively block the deposition of calcium ions inside and outside the cell. In summary, the application prospect of tetrandrine in clinical practice is very extensive. In this paper, the pharmacological effects of tetrandrine and the possible mechanisms for these effects are summarized, and review its current research progress. It is hoped that the possible application direction of tetrandrine can be revealed more comprehensively, and provide better enlightenment and ideas for clinical application.

Investigating the status-quo and restricted factors of scientific research based on medical staff's subjective opinion from a municipal public hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To explore the status-quo and possible constraints of scientific research in a municipal public hospital,provide countermeasures for the improvement of scientific research administration capacity.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted to 1 356 medical staff in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province,information collected including the statusquo of scientific research,attitude towards scientific research,difficulties and suggestions.Results Among 1 316 valid questionnaires,61 ％ of the respondents agreed that scientific research was very important for the development of hospitals,83 ％ of the respondents were willing to use their spare time to conduct scientific research projects,and 61.2％ of them usually had plans to do research but did not know where to start.The main constraints identified were the poor academic atmosphere,lack of scientific research training,and lack of scientific research facilities and resources.Conclusions The medical staffs in a municipal public hospital have high subjective enthusiasm for scientific research,low personal research ability and poor research environment.It is suggested to improve the scientific research ability of the staff on the basis of improving the objective environmental conditions for research.

The clinical significance and development of research method of HBVcccDNA examination / 中国医师进修杂志

HBVcccDNA is the first template for HBV to replicate in hepatocytes and the key factor to HBV to continous infect, which can directly reflect HBV′s infections state and replication.The examination of HBVcccDNA is an effective index to evaluate anti-HBV drugs and an objective index to judge wheter HBV infects extrahepatic tissue. cccDNA found in the serum is an important sign of hepatocyte damage at an early stage. There are nested PCR, selective PCR, Southern imprinted hydridization etc.The methods of qualitative detection include real-time PT-PCR, competitive PCR and intruder detection. Currently, there are some deficiencies existing in the clinical method and the examination system of HBVcccDNA has not yet been formed.Further research and exploration are need to be done in order to provide reliable reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The level of HBVRNA in serum potentially reflect cccDNA′s existence and transcription in patient′s liver cells.

Research development of human infection with H5N6 avian influenza virus / 军事医学

Avian influenza virus is a new recombinant virus , which can cause severe respiratory symptoms ,such as short course,acute disease,and a high mortality rate.The purpose of this paper was to summarize the current status of this virus in terms of its epidemiology ,genetic evolution and virulence .By introducing the advancement in the research of this subtype virus, we hope to provide data and evidence ,for effective surveillance and prevention of this virus .

Research Development of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Vascular Depression / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The paper was aimed to summarize the development of vascular depression (VD) in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain research,including diffusion tensor imaging and blood oxygenation level dependentfMRI.Through the real-time imaging of brain tissues and brain function in VD patients,it was found that the neurological and brain function in the brain regions related to depression were changed.The main pathologic changes were abnormal white matter hyperintensities of the brains.The key link of VD pathogenesis was that limbic systemcortex-striatum-thalamus circuits were destroyed.And the main performance of VD in fMRI was abnormal brain function connection in prefrontal cortex,limbic cortex (i.e.,cingulate gyrus,hippocampal gyrus),amygdala,cerebellum,and etc.in fMRI.The pathogenesis of VD was complex.As a noninvasive living brain function detection technique,fMRI will play an important role in the comprehensive understanding of VD and provide new ideas in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Cidades-experimentações: para inscrição numa (est)ética da aprendizagem enquanto acontecimento / Experimentation-cities: for enrolment in a learning aesthetic as an occurrence

Resumo Este texto, ao adentrar os muitos planos traçados por uma história de pesquisa e formação esculpida numa zona de interferência com a filosofia, em especial com Gilles Deleuze, Henri Bergson e Mikhail Bakhtin, discorre sobre como a temática da cidade vai se tornando expressiva em seu devir experimentação, sugerindo um efeito-labirinto de nós em rede-de-nós, que não para de se bifurcar e, paradoxalmente, também não para de, em nós, se condensar como um efeito-cidade-em-nós. Um encontro (est)ético com cidades construídas por crianças no entrelaçamento do currículo programático escolar e a cidade do cotidiano, tecendo-se em composições narrativas.(AU)

Abstract This text, upon entering the various plans traced by a history of research and development and sculpted in a zone of interference with philosophy, specifically with Gilles Deleuze, Henri Bergson and Mikhail Bakhtin, addresses the manner in which the theme of the city becomes expressive in its becoming experimentation, suggesting a knot of maze-effect in a network-of-knots that does not stop splitting, while paradoxically, it also does not stop condensing, in us, as a city-in-us-effect. An aesthetic encounter with cities built by children in the entanglement of the academic curriculum with everyday city life, thus weaving narrative compositions.(AU)

Recent advances of intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy in cervical cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

To illustrate the kinds of applicator, indication, side effects, long term follow?up results, clinical experience and the latest developments of intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy (IC/IS?BT),more than 50 research articles concerning IC/IS?BT about cervical cancer were reviewed.

Alcance de las investigaciones del programa de maestría en atención primaria de salud / Scope of the research works in the program of the master's degree in primary health care course

Introducción: la atención primaria de salud ofrece enormes espacios para la investigación desde una perspectiva histórica de los resultados en salud en sus diferentes etapas de aplicación, en el campo de la investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud. Objetivo: identificar el alcance de las investigaciones del Programa de Maestría en Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el periodo 2001-2014. Se aplicaron como técnicas de recogida de información la revisión documental, con análisis crítico de estos, como son: programa de estudio de la maestría, expedientes de autoevaluaciones por ediciones (8va., 9na., 10ma. y 11na.), así como los trabajos de terminación de Maestría de estas ediciones. Las variables objeto de estudio fueron: ediciones de la maestría, temáticas de investigación, líneas de investigación e impacto del alcance de las investigaciones. Resultados: la distribución de los trabajos de terminación de maestría (TTM) por ediciones responde a la matrícula certificada de cada edición y a las líneas de investigación declaradas en el programa. El tema más investigado fue el relacionado con el adulto mayor (18,97 por ciento). Conclusiones: los trabajos de terminación de la maestría responden a las líneas de investigación declaradas en el programa. El impacto de las investigaciones aplicadas desde la Maestría en Atención Primaria de Salud, tiene un el alcance a nivel local y territoriales en su gran mayoría demostrado la pertinencia e impacto social del programa de estúdio.

Introduction: primary health care offers wide possibilities for research, from a historical perspective of the health results at the various stages of implementation in the field of health system and service research. Objective: to identify the scope of research in the master's degree in public health care program. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the 2001-2014 period. Data collection techniques included documentary reviews, with respective critical analysis, such as master's course curriculum, self-assessment records per course (8th,9th,10th and 11th ) as well as the final master' s degree papers in these years. The study variables were years of master's courses, research topics, research lines and impact of the research scope. Results: the distribution of final master's degree papers per course agreed with the certified registration of participants in each course and with the research lines stated in the program. The most studied topic was that of the older adult (18.97 percent). Conclusions: the final master's degree papers respond to the lines of research stated in the program. The impact of the research studies applied from the master's degree course in primary health care has local and territorial scope mostly proven by the relevance and social impact of the curriculum.

The research development of LncRNA in colerectal cancer / 实用肿瘤学杂志

With the progress of genetic studies,it has been found that long non-coding RNA( LncRNA) in many regulations which play a key role in development of tumor.Its own individual pieces can also have differ-ent adjustive effects;some LncRNA can even have different regulation and controlling effect in a variety of tumor. How the newly discovered LncRNA expression in colorectal cancer?This review mainly outlines the research de-velopment of LncRNA in colerectal cancer in brief.

Advancements in Pharmacological Material Basis and Quality Control of Tibetan MedicineLiu-Wei Mu-XiangPill / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Tibetan medicineLiu-Wei Mu-Xiang(LWMX) pill, a traditional compound medicine, has special therapeutic effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal anabrosis, especially chronic gastric ulcer. It has been widely applied in the clinics in Tibetan region. Nevertheless, the current standards for quality control are insufficient and incomplete, which makes it difficult to ensure its quality. This review focused on two closely related perspectives, which were the effective material basis and quality control, to summarize and review the recent advancement in relevant studies. This review also pointed out that the burning questions for Tibetan medicine standards were the origin confusion and“different medicines with the same name”. It offered meaningful suggestions for the consideration to improve its quality standards.

Evaluation on research development of clinical departments with SCI publications: the case of Peking University Cancer Hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

To evaluate scientific research development of clinical departments of Peking University Cancer Hospital,we used SCI database to analyze the production of SCI papers of the hospital staff and searched h-index for principal investigators.We also explored the influence factors on scientific research to provide references for scientific research management and discipline construction.

Research progress in ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To discuss and study the ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation.Methods The ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation were discussed through analysis of the cornea characteristics and present situation of corneal transplantation.Results The ethical problems faced by corneal transplantation mainly consisted of technical barriers social problems:immune rejection after corneal transplantation; species chosen whether or not to meet the ethical requirements,whether to violate the ethics; animal rights issues; whether can cause characteristics change of xenocorneal transplantation person; whether xenocorneal transplantation will lead to the spread of deadly diseases,and endanger public safety.Conclusions Xenocorneal transplantation can help patients regain their sight,its success requires not only the innovation breakthrough of science and technology,but also the attention of people on ethical issues of xenocorneal transplantation.

Discussion on improvement of research process evaluation index system for Traditional Chinese Medicine universities / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Scientific research process evaluation is important for scientific research management in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) universities. We suggested the classification and refinement of the assessment form and the modifications of the evaluation index system, which could help improve the research process evaluation index for the TCM universities. Examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the improved system. This provides reference for TCM universities to carry out the research process evaluation.

Medical Informatics Courses Construction / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper discussed the development history,study fields and course construction of medical informatics(MI) and compared the similarities and differences of MI between China and the other countries.

The Enlightenment from the Experiences on Research &Development of New Drugs in Indian Pharmaceutical Enterprises / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To cultiveate and development of Research &Development(R &D)abilities for new drugs for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.METHODS:The experiences on new drugs' R&D of some Indian pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:To improve R &D abilities for new drugs,Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise should try to explore effective ways and measures by not only emphasizing the strategic value of R&D for new drugs,but also strengthening the cooperation with outside,attracting the overseas talents,cultivating the integrative capa-bility,etc.

Analysis of Research & Development Trend of New Drugs of Chinese Pharmaceutical Enterprises / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises in selecting reasonable directions for the R&D of new drugs.METHODS:The internal&external influential factors and the competitive status of pharma?ceutical enterprises were analyzed from the aspect of characteristics of the R&D of new drugs so as to choose a reasonable di?rection for the R&D of new drugs.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should take the internal&external influential factors in the R&D of new drugs into full consideration and give evaluation to their technical competitive status so as to make a breakthrough in the R&D of new drugs.