RESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba (CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQ, Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding.@*METHODS@#A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2).@*RESULTS@#All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus (13.04%-74.03%), Aspergillus (1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium (0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi (Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi (Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups, while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar.@*CONCLUSION@#DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.
RESUMO
HPLC-MS/MS was applied to the determination of residual amount of plant growth retardant such as paclobutrazol, daminozide, chlormequat and mepiquat chloride in dried root and rhizome herbs. The sample was extracted twice with acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis HILIC column with an elution system consisting of acetonitrile-5 mmol•L⁻¹ ammonium acetate solution with 0.1% formic acid, methanol and acetonitrile. The MS spectrum was acquired in positive mode with multiple reactions monitoring (MRM). The linear range was 6-1 500 μg•kg⁻¹, and the optimized method offered a good linear correlation (r>0.997 8), excellent precision (RSD<11%) and acceptable recovery (from 79.3% to 103.3%). Four kinds of plant growth retardant have detected in some ofhenise herbs like Ophiopogonis Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Alismatis Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizama and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizama, is among the more severe cases, dwarf lilyturf, multi-effect azole detection quantity is 63.4~1 351.66 μg•kg⁻¹, and Daminozide was detected in Ophiopogonis Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizama, Alismatis Rhizoma.