RESUMO
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized spherical vehicles, with a size range between 20-250 nm. OMVs are spontaneously secreted from Gram-negative bacteria and formed by lipid bilayer membranes, comprising multiple parent bacteria-derived components including bacterial antigens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, proteins and lipids. OMVs have shown multiple potentials for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer therapy and bacterial infection. In this review, the structure, composition and methods for isolating and characterizing of OMVs were introduced. The applications of OMVs for diseases therapy were summarized and future perspectives were discussed.
RESUMO
Exosomes are membranous vesicles that are actively secreted by cells. They can be isolated from various cell culture media and animal body fluids. Exosomes are mainly composed of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They have small molecular structure and high biocompatibility with size of 40-100 nm. In addition, exosomes are natural endogenous nanocarriers that can transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in long-distance communication between cells, in physiological and pathological processes. This article introduces the composition and physiological functions of exosomes, and summarizes the relevant content of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. The applications of exosomes in central nervous system diseases, especially brain diseases and tumors are summarized.