Pharmacokinetic investigation of principal active constituents in renal fibrotic rats after oral administration of crude and salt-processed eucommiae cortex extracts / 药学学报

A quantitative analysis method for six principal active constituents (acubin, geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol di-O-glucopyranoside, geniposide, and pinoresinol 4-O-glucopyranoside) of crude Eucommiae Cortex (EC) and its salt-processed product extracts was developed to investigate and compare their pharmacokinetic behaviors in adenine-induced renal fibrotic rats in vivo. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS technology was employed. Scan was conducted in negative ion mode and quantitative determination was carried out by MRM paired ion. The established method was fully validated by specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, recovery, and matrix effect, and the results of methodological investigation met the requirements of biological sample analysis. Then, a quick, sensitive, and accurate method was successfully established, which could simultaneously measure the contents of six active constituents of crude and salt-processed EC extracts in rat plasma. After a single administration to renal fibrotic rats of crude EC and its salt-processed product extracts, the plasma concentration of each constituent at different time points was measured, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and the concentration time curves were structured. The experiment was approved by the experimental animal ethics committee from Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (No. 202103A008). The results showed that compared to the crude Eucommiae Cortex group, the tmax of aucubin, pinoresinol di-O-glucopyranoside, geniposide, and pinoresinol 4-O-glucopyranoside in the salt-processed Eucommiae Cortex group rat plasma were significantly lower than those in the crude group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the Cmax and AUC0-48 h of chlorogenic acid, the Cmax, AUC0-48 h and AUC0-∞ of pinoresinol di-O-glucopyranoside, and the Cmax of geniposide and pinoresinol 4-O-glucopyranoside were significantly higher than those in the crude group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Our investigation found that compared to crude Eucommiae Cortex, a variety of active ingredients could play a role of quick effect with higher peak blood concentration and bioavailability after oral administration of salt-processed Eucommiae Cortex, which were consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian", providing an experimental basis for the selection of quality control indexes and the in-depth study of processing mechanisms and metabolic rules in vivo of Eucommiae Cortex and its salt-processed product.

Study on the salt-processing technology of Rosa laevigata and its HPLC fingerprints and chromaticity values before and after salt-processing / 中国药房

OBJECTIV E To optimize the s alt-processing technology of Rosa laevigata ，and to study high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）fingerprints and chromaticity values of R. laevigata before and after salt-processing. METHODS The comprehensive scoring method was adopted to optimize the salt-processing technology of R. laevigata using appearance character ， moisture and polysaccharide content as index. Fingerprints were established by HPLC method before and after salt-processing ，and chromaticity values （L*，a*，b*）of the powder before and after salt-processing were determined. The multivariate statistical analysis was carried out for raw product and salt-processing product of R. laevigata by using common peak areas and chromaticity values as index. RESULTS The optimal salt-processing technology of R. laevigata was to mix it with appropriate amount of salt water ，place them in the preheated frying wok at 140 ℃，fry them for 25 min，and rotate frying wok 20 times/min. Ten common peaks were calibrated by HPLC fingerprints before and after salt-processing ，and 3 components were identified ，such as gallic acid ，catechin and ellagic acid. The chromaticity values L*，b* and E* changed significantly after salt-processing. The multivariate statistical analysis method could distinguish raw products and salt-processing products into two categories ，in which peaks 1，5，6 and 10 and chromaticity values b* and E* were important characteristic factors. CONCLUSIONS The optimized salt-processing technology is stable and reliable ，and the established fingerprint has good repeatability and stability. Fingerprint and chromaticity values combined with multivariate statistical analysis can provide reference for the identification and quality analysis of R. laevigata before and after salt-processing.

Modern research on theory of “salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” proposed by healer Jia-mo Chen from Xinan / 中草药

Jia-mo Chen who was a Xinan medical scientist put forward the theory of “Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” recorded in “Enlightening Primer of Materia Medica”, which has great significance for the clinical application of Chinese medicine processing excipients. In recent years, scholars have done a lot of research work on the chemical composition and pharmacological effect changes of Chinese medicines and related prescriptions before and after salt-processing, and preliminarily explained the scientific connotation of the processing theory of “salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” of Chinese materia medica (CMM). According to the literatures of recent years studies, the research progress on processing theory of “Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” of CMM was summarized and concluded from the perspective of chemical composition and pharmacological effects changes, and the problems of the present study were analyzed, which put forward new research idea for the theory of “salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” combined with modern research methods.

Research on rationality of salt-processed composition of Buguzhi Pills through efficacy evaluation / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the effects of Buguzhi Pills and three kinds of simulative Buguzhi Pills on diarrhea rats with spleen-kidney yang deficiency, and to confirm the rationality of the salt-processed composition of Buguzhi Pills. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into nine groups: normal group, model group, positive drug group, salt-processed Psoraleae ructus group, raw Psoraleae Fructus group, Buguzhi Pills (salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus + salt-processed Foeniculi Fructus) group and three kinds of simulative Buguzhi Pills groups (salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus + raw Foeniculi Fructus; raw Psoraleae Fructus + salt-processed Foeniculi Fructus; raw Psoraleae Fructus + raw Foeniculi Fructus). A complex method of hydrocortisone and sennae folium was adopted to establish the diarrhea model due to spleen-kidney yang deficiency. After administration, the organ indexes of thymus, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, and testis were measured; The pathological changes of corresponding organs were observed; The serum levels of motilin and testosterone were detected by ELISA. Results: Compared with the normal group, the food intake and body weight reduced; The organ indexes decreased in varying degrees; The above organs showed obvious pathological changes under the microscope; the level of motilin showed an upward trend, and the level of testosterone decreased significantly in model group. The above symptoms and indicators were improved in varying degrees after administration, and the effect of Buguzhi Pills was better than that of Psoraleae Fructus alone and three kinds of simulative Buguzhi Pills on the whole. Conclusion :The efficacy of Buguzhi Pills on warming kidney-spleen yang and relieving diarrhea was superior to that of Psoraleae Fructus alone, and the antidiarrheal effect can be enhanced by salt-processing.

Modern study on theory of "salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian" / 中草药

"Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian" is one of the basic theories to guide the processing of Chinese materia medica (CMM). In recent years, scholars have done a lot of research work on salt-processing, which has effectively promoted the scientific explanation of the theory. In this paper, recent researches of salt-processed CMM from the perspective of "salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian" were reviewed. Based on the analysis of the existing problems, this review provides a new idea for the mechanism study of salt-processing.

Optimization of salt-processing technology for Phyllanthus emblica by comprehensive score method / 中草药

Objective: To choose the optimal salt-processing technology for Phyllanthus emblica. Methods: Taking the contents of gallic acid, querectin, ethanol soluble extraction, and water-soluble extract as the indexes, the factors of brine concentration, watering multiple, soaking time, and drying temperature were investigated. L9(34) orthogonal design and comprehensive score were used to optimize the salt-processing technology for P. emblica. Results: The optimal salt-processing technology was: 3% salt, adding 1.2-fold water, soaking for 10 d, and drying under 90°C. Conclusion: The optimal salt-processing technology is stable, reasonable, and feasible, and could be used to guide the standardization production.