Representaciones sociales acerca de Instagram: Estudio cualitativo con adultos emergentes con diferente bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal

Antecedentes existe una relación entre el uso de Instagram y diferentes influencias e interacciones con el bienestar y salud mental de este grupo etario. Objetivo Reconstruir las representaciones sociales acerca de la red social Instagram de adultos emergentes con diferentes niveles de bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal. Método redes semánticas naturales y entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron aplicadas a N=12 adultos emergentes (19 - 27 años) divididos en dos grupos según sus niveles de autoestima corporal y bienestar psicológico. El análisis de datos estuvo basado en análisis de redes semánticas naturales y algunos procedimientos de codificación teórica. Resultados se muestra la presencia del concepto de "acoso" como núcleo central de la representación social de Instagram en el grupo con baja autoestima corporal y bajo bienestar psicológico, a diferencia del grupo con alta autoestima corporal y alto bienestar psicológico en donde el núcleo central fue "red social". Conclusiones en los grupos estudiados, se encontraron dos representaciones sociales diferentes respecto de Instagram. Estos resultados pueden ser relevantes para aportar a llenar el vacío de conocimiento sobre los significados subjetivos colectivos de los adultos emergentes, teniendo implicancias en la mejor comprensión de las diversas formas de relación que establecen con esta y otras redes sociales.

Background There is a relationship between the use of Instagram and various influences and interactions with the well-being and mental health of this age group. Objective To reconstruct the social representations of the Instagram social network among emerging adults with different levels of psychological well-being and body esteem. Method Natural semantic networks and semi-structured interviews were conducted with N=12 emerging adults (19 - 27 years old) divided into two groups based on their body self-esteem and psychological well-being levels. Data analysis relied on natural semantic network analysis and theoretical coding. Results The concept of "harassment" is revealed as the central core of the social representation of Instagram in the group with low body self-esteem and low psychological well-being, unlike the group with high body esteem and high psychological well-being where the central core was the "social network" itself. Conclusions Two different social representations of Instagram were found in the studied groups. These results could contribute to filling the knowledge gap about the collective subjective meanings of emerging adults, impacting the better understanding of the diverse relationships they establish with this and other social networks.

Autoestima, agresividad y salud en estudiantes adolescentes / Self-esteem, aggression and health in adolescent students / Autoestima, agressividade e saúde em adolescentes escolares

La adolescencia es un período crítico para el desarrollo de la autoestima, por ello, es importante que las instituciones educativas promuevan su desarrollo con la finalidad de que los estudiantes tengan los suficientes recursos protectores, de ajuste psicológico y social. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la autoestima y la agresividad en un grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiales y métodos. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes, el número de la muestra por selección aleatoria fue de 324 adolescentes, varones entre 11 y 17 años de edad. Se utilizó la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y el cuestionario de agresión-AQ de Buss y Perry; el estudio es de nivel correlacional y el diseño de campo, transversal. Resultados. Mostraron que no existe relación significativa entre las variables, ambas se comportan independientemente, los niveles obtenidos en el estudio fueron medios altos y altos, la agresividad física y verbal fueron predominantes. Conclusiones. Los resultados señalan que no necesariamente por poseer niveles bajos de autoestima, el constructo agresividad se encuentra presente en niveles elevados.

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of self-esteem; therefore, it is important that educational institutions promote its development so that students have sufficient protective, psychological and social adjustment resources. Objective. To determine the relationship between self-esteem and aggressiveness in a group of Peruvian adolescents. Materials and methods. The population consisted of students, the number of the sample by random selection was 324 adolescents, males between 11 and 17 years of age. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Buss and Perry aggression-AQ questionnaire were used; the study was correlational and the field design was cross-sectional. Results. They showed that there is no significant relationship between the variables, both behave independently, the levels obtained in the study were medium high and high, physical and verbal aggression were predominant. Conclusions. The results indicate that the aggressiveness construct is not necessarily present at high levels because of low levels of self-esteem.

A adolescência é um período crítico para o desenvolvimento da autoestima, pelo que é importante que as instituições educativas promovam o seu desenvolvimento para que os alunos disponham de recursos de proteção, psicológicos e de ajustamento social suficientes. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre a autoestima e a agressividade num grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiais e métodos. A população foi constituída por estudantes, o número da amostra por seleção aleatória foi de 324 adolescentes, do sexo masculino, entre os 11 e os 17 anos de idade. Foi utilizada a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg e o questionário de agressividade-AQ de Buss e Perry; o estudo foi correlacional e o desenho de campo foi transversal. Resultados. Mostraram que não há relação significativa entre as variáveis, ambas se comportam de forma independente, os níveis obtidos no estudo foram médio alto e alto, predominando a agressão física e verbal. Conclusões. Os resultados indicam que o constructo agressividade não está necessariamente presente em níveis elevados devido aos baixos níveis de autoestima.

Evaluación de la autoestima en una población de adultos mayores

Introducción: La autoestima es la valoración que las personas se hacen sobre sí mismas; manifiesta una actitud aprobatoria que señala la medida en que se consideran importantes, capaces, dignas y exitosas, es decir, un juicio de mérito. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de autoestima en adultos mayores. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en 59 pacientes. Se estudiaron las variables sexo, grupos de edades, antecedentes patológicos personales y nivel de autoestima. Resultados: Se observó mayor representación del rango etario entre los 71 y 80 años de edad (n= 29; 49,1 %), sexo femenino (n= 30; 50,8 %). El antecedente patológico personal más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial; se observó predominio del nivel medio de autoestima (n= 38; 64,4 %) y ningún paciente con baja autoestima (n= 0). Conclusiones: El nivel de autoestima predominante en adultos mayores es medio.

Introduction: Self-esteem is the assessment that people make about themselves; manifests an approving attitude that indicates the extent to which they consider themselves important, capable, worthy and successful, that is, a judgment of merit. Objective: To evaluate the level of self-esteem in older adults. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in 59 patients. The variables sex, age groups, personal pathological history and level of self-esteem were studied. Results: Greater representation was observed in the age range between 71 and 80 years of age (n= 29; 49.1%), female (n= 30; 50.8%). The most common personal pathological history was high blood pressure; A predominance of the medium level of self-esteem was observed (n= 38; 64.4%) and no patient with low self-esteem (n= 0). Conclusions: The predominant level of self-esteem in older adults is medium.

Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers before and during COVID-19 and the role of self-esteem, maternal self-efficacy, and social support / Depresión posparto en madres adolescentes antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 el papel de la autoestima, la autoeficacia materna y el apoyo social

Abstract Introduction Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in this population. Objective a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] ≥ 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy, planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Method Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online. Results PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) was 42% (p = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discussion and conclusion The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem.

Resumen Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en la salud mental de poblaciones vulnerables, como las madres adolescentes, no obstante, escasos estudios documentaron la prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP) en esta población. Objetivo a) Conocer la frecuencia de DPP (Escala Edinburgh para la Depresión Postnatal [EPDS] ≥ 9) en madres adolescentes antes de la pandemia (MA-AP) y durante la pandemia (MA-DP), b) Examinar algunos factores psicosociales (autoestima, eficacia materna, apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en el embarazo, embarazo planeado y deseado) en MA-AP y MA-DP, y, c) Analizar si ser MA-DP, fue un factor significativo para experimentar DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). Método Estudio transversal. Participantes: 41 MA-AP captadas en Centros de Salud y 41 MA-DP encuestadas en línea. Resultados La DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) fue 42% (p = .001) más frecuente en las MA-DP. Los grupos difirieron significativamente en todos los factores psicosociales, en detrimento de las MA-DP. Las regresiones no ajustadas mostraron que ser MA-DP, tener menor eficacia materna y autoestima, mayor insatisfacción con el apoyo social, y depresión y/o ansiedad en el embarazo incrementaron la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). El análisis múltiple ajustado indicó que una menor autoestima fue el único factor que mantuvo su asociación con DPP (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discusión y conclusión La pandemia tuvo un efecto negativo en la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) y en factores psicosociales en MA-DP; la autoestima fue el principal factor asociado a la misma. Ante situaciones de estrés extremo, la salud mental de madres adolescentes debería ser prioritaria para prevenir efectos negativos como la DPP. Intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento de DPP deben fortalecer la autoestima.

Association between Self-Esteem and Dietary Changes among Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

@#Introduction: Cancer diagnosis may shift an individual’s food choices as well as self-esteem mainly due to the side effects of treatment, which will influence their nutritional status and perception about themselves. The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary changes and self-esteem among cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Among the data collected were socio-demographic background, clinical characteristics, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, dietary changes questionnaire before and after cancer diagnosis, self-esteem. Spearman correlation was employed for determining the relationship between dietary changes and self-esteem. Results: Out of 113 subjects, 98 subjects (86.7%) made changes in their dietary intake after being diagnosed with cancer. A total of 58.4% and 45.1% of the subjects reported a decrease in their intake of sugar and condensed milk, while 52.2% stopped consuming red meat. The mean self-esteem score was reported to be average (29.33 ± 3.52). However, no statistically significant association was found between socio-demographic, clinical parameters, and self-esteem with dietary changes. Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrated that cancer patients had made drastic dietary changes following cancer diagnosis especially consumption of red meat and food high in sugar. Most cancer patients had average self-esteem level. Although no association had been found between dietary changes and self-esteem level, it is suggested for more studies should be carried out to provide clear understanding of the factors affecting dietary changes among cancer patients.

Self-service bias features in true and false feedback in adolescents with different types of high self-esteem / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the features of self-serving bias among adolescents with different tspes of high self-esteem.Methods:A total of 1 027 adolescents were sampled.Among them 230 adolescents with explicit high self-esteem were selected with the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale(RSES),36 adolescents with secure high self-esteem and 36 adolescents with fragile high self-esteem were selected with the Implicit Self-esteem Test(IAT).A 2x2 two factors mixed experimental design by using Face Working Memory Task was conducted to study the self-serving bias of 72 different high self-esteem adolescents.Results:The self-serving bias of different high self-esteem adolescents had statistically significance[F(1,35)=85.41,P＜0.001,η2=0.23].Secure high self-esteem adoles-cents did not show self-serving bias with correct[t(35)=-6.51,P＜0.001,d=5.44]and wrong feedback[t(35)=-10.79,P 0.001,d=6.50].Similarly,fragile high self-esteem adolescents did not show self-serving bias with correct feedback[t(35)=-2.85,P＜0.05,d=2.5],but they showed self-serving bias with wrong feedback[t(35)=6.99,P＜0.001,d=4.49].The interaction between heterogeneous high self-esteem groups and feedback types was significant[F(1,35)=28.65,P＜0.001,η2=0.14].Conclusion:The adolescents with fragile high self-es-teem show obvious self-serving bias with false feedback.The heterogeneity differentiation of high self-esteem is the factor for different self-serving bias among adolescents.

Mediating role of peer relationships and self-esteem between family functioning and mobile phone dependency in middle school students / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To explore the predictive effect of family functioning on mobile phone dependency and clarify the mediating role of peer relationships and self-esteem.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect data related to family functioning,self-esteem,and mobile phone dependency of 1 326 middle school students.SPSS 25.0 software was used to describe the data statistically and compare the differences among the demographic characteristics.Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-esteem on family functioning and mobile phone dependency of middle school students and the moderating effect of peer relation-ships.Results Family functioning negatively predicted the mobile phone dependency of middle school students(β=-0.291;95%CI:-0.361--0.224;P<0.001),self-esteem mediated the relationship between family functioning and mobile phone dependency(β=-0.066;95%CI:-0.096--0.044;P<0.001),and peer relationship moderated the mediating role of self-esteem between family func-tioning and mobile phone dependency(β= 0.117;95%CI:0.046-0.188;P= 0.001).Conclusion Family functioning directly affected mobile phone dependency and impacted mobile phone dependency through self-esteem.The mediating effect of self-esteem increases as peer relationships improve.

Psychological abuse and neglect in relation to mobile phone addiction in junior high school students： path analysis of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundMobile phone addiction has attracted widespread attention in society， and psychological abuse and neglect is an important factor in predicting mobile phone addiction， whereas limited research has been done to evaluate its impact on mobile phone addiction. ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of psychological abuse and neglect with mobile phone addiction， and to test the pathway of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation， so as to provide references for preventing and curbing mobile phone addiction in junior high school students. MethodsIn May 2022， a cluster sampling was utilized to select 800 students in two middle schools in a county of Hainan Province， and all students were assessed using Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale （CPANS）， Mobile Phone Addiction Index （MPAI）， Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale （SES） and Interpersonal Alienation Scale of Adolescent StudentsAlienation Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to determine the correlation among the above-mentioned scales， and Process Macro 3.5 for SPSS was used to test the mediation effect. ResultsCPANS score was negatively correlated with SES score （r=-0.278， P<0.01）， and positively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score （r=0.471， 0.372， P<0.01）. SES score was negatively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score （r=-0.438， -0.196， P<0.01）. Interpersonal Alienation Scale score was positively correlated with MPAI score （r=0.392， P<0.01）. Interpersonal alienation （indirect effect value was 0.104） played a mediation role in the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction. Self-esteem and interpersonal alienation exhibited a chained mediation effect on the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction （indirect effect value was 0.026）， accounting for 6.99% of the total effect. ConclusionPsychological abuse and neglect can not only directly predict mobile phone addiction， but also can indirectly affect mobile phone addiction through separate mediation of interpersonal alienation or chained mediation of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation. ［Funded by High-level Talent Project of Hainan Natural Science Foundation （number， 721RC511）］

Autoestima e estética na percepção de pessoas idosas de Centros de Referência de Assistência Social / Self-esteem and aesthetics in the perception of older adults from Social Assistance Reference Centers

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a percepção de pessoas idosas em relação a sua imagem corporal e autoestima. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva realizada com 28 pessoas idosas nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social de Araucária, Paraná, Brasil. Foi aplicada entrevista com roteiro estruturado composto por 10 questões que abordavam os sentimentos em relação à estética no envelhecimento e às repercussões na autoestima. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o software IRAMUTEQ®. Resultados A análise da percepção em relação à estética e autoestima no envelhecimento resultou em 5 classes: classe 1 (19,8%) "Relação autoestima x autoimagem", classe 2 (20,7%) "Sentimentos e sensações experimentadas", classe 3 (20,7%) "Aspectos além da aparência que influenciam a autoestima", classe 4 (18,1%) "Motivos para realizar cuidados estéticos" e classe 5 (20,7%) "Tipos de intervenções e cuidados estéticos". Elevada autoestima foi encontrada em uma população vulnerável economicamente. Muitas pessoas idosas relataram que com o envelhecimento houve mudanças na forma como são tratadas, entretanto, isso não foi percebido somente de forma negativa. Conclusão Embora a sociedade promova um padrão de beleza, as pessoas idosas conseguem viver de forma satisfatória, com elevada autoestima, sem serem influenciadas negativamente.

Abstract Objective To analyze the perception of older adults regarding their body image and self-esteem. Method A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study conducted with 28 older adults in the Social Assistance Reference Centers of Araucária, Paraná, Brazil. A structured interview with a questionnaire comprising 10 questions addressing feelings about aesthetics in aging and its repercussions on self-esteem was administered. Data analysis was performed using the IRAMUTEQ® software. Results The analysis of perception regarding aesthetics and self-esteem in aging resulted in 5 classes: Class 1 (19.8%) "Self-esteem vs. self-image", Class 2 (20.7%) "Feelings and sensations experienced", Class 3 (20.7%) "Aspects beyond appearance influencing self-esteem", Class 4 (18.1%) "Reasons for engaging in aesthetic care", and Class 5 (20.7%) "Types of interventions and aesthetic care". Elevated self-esteem was found in an economically vulnerable population. Many older adults reported changes in how they are treated with aging; however, this was not solely perceived negatively. Conclusion Despite societal promotion of a beauty standard, older adults can live satisfactorily with high self-esteem without being negatively influenced.

Caracterización de la relación autoestima-sexualidad en adolescentes de Secundaria Básica

El sano desarrollo sexual de los adolescentes tendrá como consecuencia una buena relación autoestima-sexualidad y una identidad sexual definida. Caracterizar la relación autoestima-sexualidad en los adolescentes de la Secundaria Básica "Paquito Rosales Benítez" del municipio Manzanillo en la provincia Granma. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el mes de junio del 2023. La muestra está integrada por los 113 estudiantes de noveno grado que representan el 31,9 %de la población de los alumnos de secundaria básica, esta muestra se selecciona de forma intencional. Se utiliza la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Sobre sexualidad se utiliza la encuesta, "Actitud hacia la sexualidad en el adolescente de la escuela básica "Emirio Fuen Mayor" y colegio la Salle, Mérida, 2003". El 60,2 % de los adolescentes tienen un nivel de autoestima baja. El sexo femenino presentó un 33,6 % con autoestima baja. El 23 % que alcanzar con un nivel de autoestima bajo; de ellos el10,6 % tuvieron una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 38,1 % que viven con la madre tienen una autoestima media. El 46,9 % son de padres divorciados con autoestima media. El 31,8 % del sexo femenino tienen una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 32,7 % que viven con sus madres tienen una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 28,3 % con actitud moderadamente objetiva sus padres son casados. Existe una relación significativa entre el nivel de autoestima y la actitud sexual de los adolescentes.

The healthy sexual development of adolescents will result in a good relationship between self-esteem and sexuality and a defined sexual identity. To characterize the self-esteem-sexuality relationship in adolescents of the "Paquito Rosales Benítez" Basic Secondary School in the municipality of Manzanillo in the province of Granma. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in June 2023. The sample is made up of the 113 ninth grade students who represent 31.9% of the population of elementary school students, this sample is selected intentionally. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is used. On sexuality, the survey is used, "Attitude towards sexuality in the adolescent of the basic school "EmirioFuen Mayor" and school La Salle, Mérida, 2003". The 60,2% of adolescents have a low level of self-esteem. The female sex presented a 33,6% with low self-esteem. 23,0% who achieved a low level of self-esteem; of these, 10,6% had a moderately objective sexual attitude. 38,1% who live with the mother have an average self-esteem. 46,9% are divorced parents with average self-esteem. 31.8% of females have a moderately objective sexual attitude. 32,7% who live with their mothers have a moderately objective sexual attitude. 28,3% with a moderately objective attitude their parents are married.There is a significant relationship between the level of self-esteem and the sexual attitude of adolescents.

O desenvolvimento sexual saudável dos adolescentes resultará emuma boa relação entre autoestima e sexualidade e uma identidde sexual definida. Caracterizar a relação entre autoestima e sexualidade em adolescentes da Escola Secundária Básica Paquito Rosales Benítez, no município de Manzanillo, província de Granma. Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, realizado emjunho de 2023. A amostra é composta por 113 alunos do nono ano que representam 31,9% da população de alunos do ensino fundamental e o ensino fundamental é selecionado intencionalmente. Utiliza-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Sobre sexualidade, utiliza-se a pesquisa "Atitude frente à sexualidade no adolescente da escola primária Émirio Fuen e da escola La Salle, Mérida, 2003". 60,2% dos adolescentes apresentam baixo nível de autoestima. Um total de 33,6% das mulheres apresentou baixa autoestima. 23% que atingiram baixo nível de autoestima; Destes, 10,6% tinha matitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 38,1% que moram com a mãe têm autoestima média. 46,9% são de pais divorciados com autoestima média. 31,8% das mulheres têm uma atitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 32,7% que moram com a mãe têm uma atitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 28,3% com atitude moderadamente objetiva seus paissão casados. Existe umarelação significativa entre o nível de autoestima e a atitude sexual dos adolescentes.

Validation of the Short-Facebook Jealousy Scale among Colombian Men and Women

Social networks, particularly Facebook, influence romantic relationships, as they can generate jealousy and conflict between members of the couple. The Facebook Jealousy Scale (FJS) is an instrument that assesses jealousy about using Facebook, but no similar instrument is available in Colombia. The main aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the FJS in a Colombian sample of 485 men and 727 women. Participants answered the socio-demographic questionnaire, the adaptation of the Facebook Jealousy Scale, Romantic Partner Conflict Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Romantic Jealousy Scale. The final version of the FJS was made up of 15 items which were distributed across three dimensions: Partner's Activity, Partner's Surveillance, Partner's Romantic and Sexual relationship. Ordinal's alpha values from its three factors ranged between .90 and .95. Concurrent validity was also provided, as the measure was associated with dimensions from partner conflict, self-esteem, and romantic jealousy. An invariance test by gender was also performed, resulting in compliance with metric invariance. Therefore, the FJS is a useful tool for clinicians and researchers who work on issues related to romantic relationships. Research analyzing Facebook jealousy provides an interesting indicator of couple's monitoring and controlling behaviors, which are features of psychological abuse, a subtype of intimate partner violence.

Las redes sociales, particularmente Facebook, influyen en las relaciones sentimentales, ya que pueden generar celos y conflictos entre los miembros de la pareja. La Escala de Celos de Facebook (FJS) es un instrumento que evalúa los celos por el uso de Facebook, y no hay ningún instrumento similar disponible en Colombia. El objetivo principal fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas del FJS en una muestra colombiana de 485 hombres y 727 mujeres. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la adaptación de la Escala de Celos de Facebook, la Escala de Conflicto de Pareja Romántica, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Celos Románticos. La versión final de la FJS estuvo conformada por 15 ítems que, a su vez, conformaron tres dimensiones: Actividad de la pareja, Vigilancia de la pareja, Relación romántica y sexual de la pareja. Los valores de alfa ordinal de los tres factores oscilaron entre .90 y .95. También se demostró validez concurrente con otras dimensiones relacionadas con conflicto en la pareja, autoestima y celos románticos. El análisis de invarianza según género resultó en un nivel de invarianza métrica. El FJS es una medida que puede ser útil para la práctica clínica y los investigadores que trabajan en temas relacionados con las relaciones románticas. La investigación que analice los celos asociados al Facebook ofrecerá un interesante indicador de la supervisión en el contexto de pareja y las conductas de control, elementos clave del abuso psicológico, un subtipo de la violencia de pareja.

Mental health, suicide risk and the important role of self-esteem in Adolescents before and during coexistence with COVID-19 in Ecuador

Introduction/Objectives: COVID-19 has had a significant emotional impact on people's lives, especially adolescents. Therefore, the aim was to assess the predictors of suicide risk during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Ecuador by means of a longitudinal study. Method: The application of a longitudinal design with two measures: before the start of the pandemic and one year afterwards. The sample consisted of 137 adolescents between 12-18 years of age. The variables analysed were mental health, the risk of suicide and self-esteem. Statistical analyses were performed using mean comparison, correlations, QCA models and mediation models. Results: The results indicated higher levels of anxiety and stress after one year of the pandemic. In addition, a higher risk of suicide following the pandemic was observed in those adolescents with higher scores in emotional symptomatology and low self-esteem. QCA models and mediation models highlighted the importance of self-esteem as a protective variable between pre-COVID-19 suicide risk and emotional symptomatology and post-COVID-19 suicide risk. Conclusions: This study highlights adolescents' level of vulnerability to the pandemic and its significant psychological impact. It is important to detect which factors function as risks and which as protection against COVID-19 in order to implement intervention programmes that target these aspects and ensure better adolescent well-being.

Introducción/Objetivos: La COVID-19 tuvo un impacto emocional en la vida de las personas, especialmente en la adolescencia. El objetivo fue evaluar los predictores de riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes en Ecuador por medio de un estudio longitudinal. Método: Se trata de un diseño longitudinal con dos medidas: antes del inicio de la pandemia y un año después. La muestra fue de 137 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años. Las variables analizadas fueron la salud mental, el riesgo de suicidio y la autoestima. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante comparación de medias, correlaciones, modelos QCA y modelos de mediación. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron mayores niveles de ansiedad y estrés después de un año de la pandemia. Se observó un mayor riesgo de suicidio tras la pandemia en aquellos adolescentes con puntuaciones más altas en sintomatología emocional y baja autoestima. Los modelos QCA y los modelos de mediación destacaron la importancia de la autoestima como variable protectora en el riesgo postsuicidio. Conclusiones: Este estudio pone de manifiesto el nivel de vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes ante la pandemia y su importante impacto psicológico. Es importante detectar qué factores funcionan como riesgos y cuáles como protección frente al COVID-19 para implementar programas de intervención.

Intervención sobre habilidades sociales mediante un juego de rol: un estudio de diseño mixto con jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual / Social skills intervention through role-playing: a mixed-design study with youth with intellectual disability

Resumen Objetivos. Identificar si existen mejoras en la interacción social de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual a través del uso de una metodología basada en el juego de rol. Método. Se realizó un estudio de diseño mixto a partir de un programa de intervención breve, de ocho sesiones de duración, con un total de siete participantes. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas como la observación sistemática, la observación directa no sistematizada y la Escala de Autoevaluación de Habilidades Sociales. Resultados. La intervención arrojó resultados modestos. La prueba W de Wilcoxon muestra diferencias significativas a nivel general. Las observaciones evidencian cambios en los comportamientos de los participantes, sobre todo en lo referente a respuestas alternativas a la agresión, la cuales fueron rápidamente sustituidas por estrategias pacíficas y actitudes dialogantes.

Abstract Objectives. The objective of this study was to identify if there are improvements in social interaction in young people with intellectual disabilities, using a methodology based on role playing. Method. A mixed design study based on a brief intervention program of eight sessions, with a total of seven participants, was used. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for data collection: systematic observation, non-systematized direct observation and the Social Skills Self-Assessment Scale. Results. The intervention yielded modest results. The Wilcoxon W test shows significant differences at the general level. Observations show changes in participants' behaviors, especially in terms of alternative responses to aggression, which were quickly replaced by peaceful strategies and dialogic attitudes.

O que é autoestima para os analistas do comportamento? Uma revisão sistemática / What is self-esteem for behavioral analysts? A systematic review

A autoestima é um termo muito utilizado pelas pessoas no senso comum, mas ainda são necessários mais estudos para entendê-lo sob o ponto de vista comportamental. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de textos da Análise do Comportamento a respeito de autoestima. Foi realizada uma busca em três fontes diferentes: periódicos exclusivos de Análise do Comportamento; as coleções de livros Sobre Comportamento e Cognição e Comportamento em Foco; e na Scielo. No total, 16 textos preencheram os critérios, que eram a) ter a palavra "autoestima" no título b) ser um texto da Análise do Comportamento. Foram discutidas as definições de autoestima utilizadas, os participantes dos estudos, os estímulos usados em testes de medida implícita e os principais resultados. Nenhum dos textos analisados utilizou intervenções voltadas ao aumento da autoestima. Apesar de serem textos da abordagem comportamental, muitos dos estudos utilizam apenas definições e instrumentos não comportamentais. As principais conclusões da revisão foram: 1) ainda existem poucos estudos sobre autoestima na Análise do Comportamento; 2) ainda não existe uma definição comportamental bem construída, especialmente na literatura internacional.

Self-esteem is a term that is widely used in common sense, but more studies are still needed to understand it from a behavioral point of view. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of Behavior Analysis papers regarding self-esteem. A search was conducted in three different sources: Behavior Analysis journals; the book collections Sobre Comportamento e Cognição and Comportamento em Foco; and on Scielo. In total, 16 texts met the criteria, which were a) having the word "self-esteem" in the title and b) being a Behavior Analysis text. We discuss the definitions of self-esteem used, the participants in the studies, the stimuli used in the implicit measurement tests and the main results. None of the analyzed texts used interventions aimed to increase self-esteem. Even though they are texts of the behavioral approach, many of the studies only use non-behavioral definitions and instruments. The main conclusions of the review were: 1) there are still few studies on self-esteem in Behavior Analysis; 2) there is still no well-constructed behavioral definition, especially in international literature.

Estudio comparativo de indicadores del comportamiento psicosocial desajustado entre estudiantes de secundaria con mayor y menor propensión a la conducta de bullying / Comparative study of indicators of maladjusted psychosocial behavior among high school students with higher and lower propensity to bullying behavior

RESUMEN Introducción: El bullying, es un comportamiento perjudicial en contextos escolares, afectando la vida de los estudiantes. Objetivo: Identificar y comparar indicadores de comportamiento desajustado en estudiantes con diferente propensión al bullying. Metodología: Este estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo utilizó encuestas y un diseño comparativo seguido de correlacional para evaluar comportamientos desajustados (estrés, baja autoestima, incivismo, desajuste familiar, propensión a la violencia) en estudiantes secundarios de Lima y Callao. La muestra no probabilística incluyó 1345 estudiantes de primer y segundo año, divididos en dos grupos según su propensión al bullying (alto -Grupo E- y bajo -Grupo C-). Se aplicaron escalas de los inventarios INDACPS y la Escala de Propensión al Bullying (EPB), analizando los datos con SPSS v.25 y Jamovi. Las diferencias entre grupos se evaluaron mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, y la correlación de variables se determinó con la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: El Grupo E tuvo niveles más altos de estrés, baja autoestima, incivismo, desajuste familiar y propensión a la violencia, con significancia estadística (p<0,001) en comparación al Grupo C. Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la propensión al bullying y estos indicadores, siendo más fuertes en la muestra total (p<0,001). Además, se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo en estrés, baja autoestima, desajuste familiar y propensión a la violencia, pero no en incivismo y propensión al bullying. Conclusión: Los estudiantes con mayor propensión al bullying exhiben mayores niveles de estrés, baja autoestima, incivismo, desajuste familiar y propensión a la violencia. Lo que resalta la relevancia de intervenciones integrales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bullying is harmful behavior in school contexts, affecting students' lives. Objective: To identify and compare indicators of maladjusted behavior in students with different propensities to bullying. Methodology: This descriptive and quantitative study used surveys and a comparative followed by correlational design to assess maladjusted behaviors (stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, propensity to violence) in secondary students from Lima and Callao. The non-probabilistic sample included 1345 first and second-year students, divided into two groups based on their bullying propensity (high -Group E- and low -Group C-). Scales from the INDACPS inventories and the Bullying Propensity Scale (BPS) were applied, analyzing data with SPSS v.25 and Jamovi. Differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and variable correlation was determined using Spearman's correlation. Results: Group E had higher levels of stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, with statistical significance (p<0.001) compared to Group C. Statistically significant correlations were found between the propensity to bullying and these indicators, being stronger in the total sample (p<0.001). Additionally, significant gender differences were observed in stress, low self-esteem, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, but not in incivility and bullying propensity. Conclusion: Students with a higher propensity to bullying exhibit higher levels of stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, underscoring the importance of comprehensive interventions.

Salud mental, autoestima y satisfacción vital en universitarios del sur de Chile / Mental health, self-esteem and life satisfaction among university students in southern Chile / Saúde mental, Autoestima e Satisfação com a Vida em Universitários do sul do Chile

(analítico) Los universitarios atraviesan una etapa evolutiva que los sitúa como una población propensa a presentar alteraciones de salud mental, afectando su calidad de vida general. Este trabajo analiza la relación entre salud mental, autoestima y satisfacción vital en estudiantes de una universidad del sur de Chile. Los 452 participantes, hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 24 años de distintas carreras de la universidad, respondieron cuatro instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, escala de satisfacción con la vida y escala de autoestima. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes que puntuaron más alto en problemas de salud mental presentaban menor satisfacción con la vida y menor autoestima. Así mismo, se encontró que las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia en problemas de salud mental que los hombres.

(analytical) University students experience an evolutionary stage that positions them as a population prone to mental health disorders, which affects their general quality of life. This paper analyzes the relationship between mental health, self-esteem and life satisfaction among students at a university in sout-hern Chile. The 452 participants, males and females aged between 18 and 24 studying different university degrees, answered 4 different questionnaires: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; Life Satisfaction Scale; and Self-esteem Scale. The results showed that students who scored higher regarding mental health problems had lower life satisfaction and lower self-esteem scores. It was also identified that female students have a higher prevalence of mental health problems compared to male students.

(analítico) Os estudantes universitários passam por um estágio evolutivo que os coloca como uma população propensa a transtornos de saúde mental, afetando sua qualidade de vida geral. Este artigo analisa a relação entre saúde mental, autoestima e satisfação com a vida em estudantes de uma universidade no sul do Chile. 452 participantes, homens e mulheres entre 18 e 24 anos de diferentes carreiras universitárias, respondeu a 4 instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse, Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e Escala de Autoestima. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos que pontuaram mais em problemas de saúde mental apresentaram menor satisfação com a vida e menor autoestima. Assim, verificou-se também que as mulheres apresentam maior prevalência de problemas de saúde mental do que os homens.

Social-emotional issues among children with strabismus higher than among non-strabismus children in Western India

Purpose: Data on social?emotional aspects among children with strabismus in India are scanty. We compared the emotional symptoms (ES), loneliness and social dissatisfaction (LSD), and self?esteem (SE) and their associated risk factors among children with and without strabismus in India. Methods: A cross?sectional case–control study design was used to recruit 101 children with strabismus aged 8 to 18 years and a control group of 101 children that were age? and gender?matched. Interviews were performed using standardized scales to assess ES, LSD, and SE. Variations in the intensity of ES, LSD, and SE were assessed using multiple classification analysis (MCA). Results: A total of 202 children participated in the study. The mean ES, LSD, and SE scores were 3.4 (standard deviation [SD] 1.9), 48.4 (SD 3.2), and 22.1 (SD 3.8) for the strabismus group and 1.8 (SD 1.5), 33.3 (SD 3), and 31.3 (SD 2) for the non?strabismus group, respectively. Among the strabismus group, the highest levels of mean ES, LSD, and SE scores were observed among children facing problems in performing daily tasks. Amongst the non?strabismus group, children studying at the primary level and those facing neglect had the highest mean scores. In MCA, being affected with strabismus had the highest effect on the intensity of ES, LSD, and SE with a beta (?) value of 0.223 (P = 0.016), 0.922 (P < 0.001), and 0.853 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A significantly high proportion of children with strabismus deal with elevated levels of ES, LSD problems, and low SE as compared with non?strabismus children, highlighting the need to address the poor social?emotional health of children

Funcionamiento familiar, salud mental, ansiedad, autoestima y calidad de vida en familias en situación de vulnerabilidad de una ciudad del caribe colombiano

Se presenta un estudio analítico y transversal, con el objetivo de explorar los niveles de funcionamiento familiar, salud mental, ansiedad, autoestima y calidad de vida en familias en situación de vulnerabilidad de una ciudad del caribe colombiano. La muestra final fue compuesta por 50 familias, para un total de 100 sujetos (50 Padres/cuidador, 50 adolescentes). Se utilizaron como instrumentos el APGAR Familiar, el Self reporting questionnaire (SRQ), el Whoqol-Bref, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (IDARE) y la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg. Se encontraron altos niveles de disfunción familiar, ansiedad y 67 correlaciones significativas entre las diferentes variables, a su vez, se encontró diferencias significativas en la variable de autoestima entre el grupo de padres/cuidador y adolescentes. Se concluyó la existencia de una asociación entre funcionamiento familiar, ansiedad, autoestima y calidad de vida en familias en situación de vulnerabilidad, asimismo, que existe diferencia significativa entre la autoestima de padres/cuidador y adolescentes. Se hace énfasis en la importancia del funcionamiento familiar en la calidad de la salud mental.

An analytical and cross-sectional study is presented, with the objective of exploring the levels of family functioning, mental health, anxiety, self-esteem and quality of life in families in vulnerable situations in a Colombian Caribbean city. The final sample was made up of 50 families, for a total of 100 subjects (50 parents/caregiver, 50 adolescents). The Family APGAR, the Self reporting questionnaire (SRQ), the Whoqol-Bref, the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (IDARE) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used as instruments. High levels of family dysfunction, anxiety and 67 significant correlations were found between the different variables, in turn, significant differences were found in the self-esteem variable between the group of parents/caregiver and adolescents. The existence of an association between family functioning, anxiety, self-esteem and quality of life in families in vulnerable situations was concluded, likewise, that there is a significant difference between the self-esteem of parents/caregivers and adolescents. Emphasis is placed on the importance of family functioning in the quality of mental health.

Apego, autoestima y habilidades de autoexpresión social: un modelo de encadenamiento causal en jóvenes y adolescentes / Attachment, self-esteem, and social Self-expression Skills: A causal chain model in young people and adolescents

Resumo. Objetivos. Analizar la relación entre el apego y la autoestima en jóvenes y adolescentes y examinar la relación entre la autoestima y la autoexpresión social, con el fin de integrar los resultados en un modelo de encadenamiento causal. Método. Participaron 387 adolescentes y jóvenes quienes completaron autoinformes. Se realizaron análisis de regresión y modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados. Tanto el apego seguro como el inseguro predijeron significativamente la autoestima de los participantes. La autoestima resultó ser un predictor significativo de la autoexpresión social. Se concluye que el apego seguro aumenta la posibilidad de desarrollar una autoestima fortalecida y esta, a su vez, promueve la capacidad del individuo para expresarse socialmente. Contrariamente, el apego inseguro debilita la autoestima, lo que conduce a un detrimento de la autoexpresión social.

Abstract. Objectives. To analyze the relationship between attachment and self-esteem in young people and adolescents, and to examine the relationship between self-esteem and social self-expression skills, integrating these results into a causal chain model. Method. 387 adolescents and young people completed self-report scales. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling were performed. Results. Both secure and insecure attachment predicted participants' self-esteem. Likewise, self-esteem was a predictor of social self-expression. The study concluded that the secure attachment established with the caregivers increases the possibility of developing a strengthened self-esteem, promoting the individual's ability to express oneself socially. Conversely, insecure attachment weakens self-esteem, leading to impaired social self-expression.

Relación entre autoestima y comprensión lectora en estudiantes de secundaria / Relationship between self-esteem and reading comprehension in secondary school students / Relação entre autoestima e compreensão de leitura em alunos do ensino médio

El artículo tiene como finalidad dar a conocer la relación que hay entre la autoestima y la comprensión lectora del alumnado del VI ciclo de la Educación Básica Regular (EBR). La metodología desarrollada fue cuantitativa, no experimental, explicativa, contando con 60 educandos que oscilan entre los 12 y 14 años de edad, siendo 50% mujeres y 50% varones; a quienes se les aplicó dos instrumentos que presentaron validez y confiabilidad. Asimismo, los resultados mostraron que la autoestima equilibrada sobresalió en un 52%, la sobreelevada obtuvo un 32% y la de menor cantidad fue la autoestima media con16%; mientras que en la comprensión lectora el puntaje más alto estuvo enfocado en la dimensión literal con un 78% nivel medio, 15% en el nivel bajo y el menor reconocido fue la dimensión critica con 63% considerando las interrogantes planteadas y solo 7% en un nivel alto. Se concluye que el factor autoestima influyó más en la dimensión inferencial y crítica, mas no en el nivel literal corroborando los estudios realizados; por ello se propone incentivar el fomento del desarrollo del auto concepto con fines de mejorar los resultados del rendimiento escolar en los niveles literal y crítico de la compresión lectora en los estudiantes del VI ciclo de la EBR y aplicar diversas estrategias practicando este hábito.

The purpose of the article is to make known the relationship between self-esteem and reading comprehension of the students of the VI cycle of Regular Basic Education (EBR). The methodology developed was quantitative, not experimental, explanatory, with 60 students ranging between 12 and 14 years of age, 50% being female and 50% male; to whom two instruments that presented validity and reliability were applied. Likewise, the results showed that balanced self-esteem stood out by 52% and the one that obtained the lowest amount was mean self-esteem with 16%; while in reading comprehension the highest score was in the literal dimension with 78% medium level and the lowest was the critical dimension with 63% according to the questions raised. It is concluded that the self-esteem factor influenced more in the inferential dimension and has not influenced in the literal level according to the inferential analysis; For this reason, it is proposed to encourage the promotion of the development of self-concept in order to improve the results of school performance in the literal and critical levels of reading comprehension in students of the VI cycle of the EBR and apply various strategies practicing this habit.

O objetivo do artigo é dar a conhecer a relação entre autoestima e compreensão leitora dos alunos do VI ciclo do Ensino Básico Regular (EBR). A metodologia desenvolvida foi quantitativa, não experimental, explicativa, com 60 alunos na faixa etária de 12 a 14 anos, 50% mulheres e 50% homens; aos quais foram aplicados dois instrumentos que apresentaram validade e confiabilidade. Da mesma forma, os resultados mostraram que a autoestima equilibrada se destacou em 52%, a superalta obteve 32% e o menor valor foi a autoestima média com 16%; alto nível. Conclui-se que o fator autoestima teve maior influência na dimensão inferencial e crítica, mas não no nível literal, corroborando os estudos realizados; Por isso, propõe-se estimular o desenvolvimento do autoconceito para melhorar os resultados do desempenho escolar nos níveis literal e crítico de compreensão leitora nos alunos do VI ciclo da EBR e aplicar diversas estratégias praticando esse hábito.