Dramatic response to intravitreal Bevacizumab in hypertensive retinopathy

Hypertensive retinopathy is seen frequently in patients with systemic hypertension and is usually asymptomatic. An acute rise in blood pressure may lead to exudative changes in the form of macular edema, hemorrhages, and serous macular detachment that can lead to visual decline. The authors report prompt resolution of exudative changes in a case of hypertensive retinopathy following intravitreal bevacizumab.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with bilateral serous macular detachment / Leucemia linfoblástica aguda com descolamento macular seroso bilateral

ABSTRACT Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasia, which is rare in adults. Although ocular fundus alterations may be commonly observed in the course of the disease, such alterations are rarely the presenting signs of the disease. Here we describe the case of a patient with painless and progressive loss of visual acuity (right eye, 2/10; left eye, 3/10) developing over two weeks, accompanied by fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Fundus examination showed bilateral macular serous detachment, which was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescent pinpoints in the posterior poles. The limits of the macular detachment were revealed in the late phase of the angiogram. The results of blood count analysis triggered a thorough, systematic patient examination. The diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia B (CD10+) was established, and intensive systemic chemotherapy was immediately initiated. One year after the diagnosis, the patient remains in complete remission without any ophthalmologic alterations.

RESUMO A leucemia linfoblástica aguda é uma neoplasia maligna das células hematopoiéticas, incomum em adultos. Apesar da maioria dos casos apresentar alterações no fundo ocular no decurso da doença, estas são raramente forma de apresentação da mesma. Descreve-se o caso de uma doente com diminuição progressiva e indolor da acuidade visual (OD 2/10 e OE 3/10), que apresentava concomitantemente febre e adenopatias cervicais, com duas semanas de evolução. À oftalmoscopia apresentava descolamento seroso macular bilateral, confirmado por tomografia de coerência ótica. A angiografia fluoresceínica revelou pequenas lesões hiperfluorescentes tipo pinpoints no polo posterior. Nos tempos médios e tardios do exame adivinham-se os limites da bolsa do descolamento do neuroepitélio. As alterações encontradas no hemograma suscitaram um estudo sistêmico extenso. O diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda B (CD10+) foi efetuado, iniciando-se, de imediato, quimioterapia sistêmica intensiva. Um ano após o diagnóstico a doente continua em remissão e sem alterações oftalmológicas de novo.

A Case of Serous Macular Detachment Associated with Tractional Fibrous Tissue in an Optic Pit Patient

PURPOSE: To report a case of serous macular detachment associated with tractional fibrous tissue in an optic pit patient successfully treated by vitrectomy without laser photocoagulation. CASE SUMMARY: A 15-year-old female visited our hospital for visual disturbance of her left eye. The patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 0.5. After ophthalmic examinations, the patient was diagnosed with an optic pit associated serous macular detachment. Pars plana vitrectomy with complete posterior vitreous detachment was performed. A thick fibrous tissue within the optic disc cupping was found. During removal of the fibrous tissue, the tissue was observed to be attached to a tiny hole above the optic pit. The thick fibrous tissue was tugging at the margin of the hole and was removed using intraocular forceps to relieve the traction. Fluid-gas exchange was then performed and the operation was completed without laser photocoagulation around the optic disc. The fovea was reattached completely in 12 months and visual acuity was improved to 0.8.

Comparison of serum glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with diabetic cystoid macular edema with and without serous macular detachment.

Aim: A clinical comparative trial was conducted to compare the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with diabetic cystoid macular edema (CME) with and without serous macula detachment (SMD). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients (group 1) with diabetic CME in both eyes, but without SMD, and 30 patients (group 2) with diabetic CME and SMD in both eyes documented by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), were included in the study. In addition to the measurement of central macular thickness by OCT and visual acuity (VA) (as logMAR) using the the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) chart, the concentrations of HbA1c were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis was done by independent samples t test. Results: The mean logMAR VA was 0.8 ± 0.22 (1.0–0.5) in group 1and 0.7 ± 0.16 (1.0–0.6) in group 2. The mean central macular thickness, as determined by OCT, was 468.70 ± 70.44 μm (344–602 μm) in group 1 and 477.80 ± 73.34 μm (354–612 μm) in group 2. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.626). The mean HbA1c levels were 8.16 ± 0.99% in group 1 and 10.05 ± 1.66% in group 2. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The presence of SMD and high HbA1c levels in the patients with diabetic CME may be indirectly suggestive of retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction.

A Case of Surgically Treated Serous Macular Detachment Associated With Optic Disc Pit

PURPOSE: To report the clinical results of a planned vitrectomy, laser photocoagulation and gas tamponade for the treatment of serous macular detachment associated with optic disc pit. However, laser photocoagulation was performed on a postoperative outpatient basis for subretinal fluid. CASE SUMMARY: A 13-year-old women presented with central visual disturbance in the left eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.16. On ophthalmic examination, the patient was diagnosed with optic disc pit combined with serous macular detachment. After 3 months, the serous macular detachment increased and visual acuity decreased to 0.1. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with complete posterior vitreous detachment was performed. After intravitreal injection of perfluorodecalin, internal drainage of the subretinal fluid using the back flush needle around the optic disc pit was performed, but the fluid was not drained. The planned intraoperative photocoagulation was not performed due to a large serous macular detachment. Gas tamponade was performed and a facedown position was maintained for 1 week followed by laser photocoagulation. The subretinal fluid was completely absorbed and visual acuity was improved. In addition, recurrence was not observed throughout the follow-up period.