Sitagliptin compared with glimepiride combined with metformin as an initial therapy in newly diagnosed diabetes patients with severe hyperglycaemia: A randomized controlled non-inferiority study / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin combined with metformin versus glimepiride combined with metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with severe hyperglycaemia. 【Methods】 A randomized controlled and non-inferiority trial was carried out. A total of 129 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with severe hyperglycaemia [FPG≥200 mg/mL (11.1 mmol/L) and HbA1c≥9.0%] were enrolled and numerally randomly assigned to two groups. The patients received sitagliptin combined with metformin (n=66) or glimepiride combined with metformin (n=63) for 4 weeks and then metformin alone for another 8 weeks. Glycaemic control, weight changes and β-cell insulin secretory capacity were investigated to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these two treatments. 【Results】 Mean HbA1c reduction was 4.03% in sitagliptin group and 4.13% in glimepiride group after 3 months of treatment. The lower boundary of the two-sided 95% confidence intervals of the mean HbA1c reduction difference between the two groups was -0.648%, which was more than -0.65%, suggesting that the predefined statistical criterion for non-inferiority was achieved. FPG decreased significantly after one month of intervention in both groups (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 Our study provided evidence that sitagliptin combined with metformin in newly diagnosed diabetes patients with severe hyperglycaemia showed better outcomes in glycaemic remission compared with glimepiride for those who refused insulin injection.

Acute onset sleep apnea with severe transient hyperglycemia in young adult: the diagnostic dilemma and management controversy.

Sleep disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea are frequently associated with hyperglycemic disorders. The common pathophysiological factors that link these disorders have been a matter of debate and current research. Abdominal adiposity and high body mass index are considered to predispose individuals to early onset of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. A young adult presenting with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea often poses a diagnostic challenge for clinicians especially when multiple risk factors coexist. It is essential to establish the exact diagnosis so that specific treatment can be initiated. The role of a non-aggressive approach in management of severe hyperglycemic conditions has been doubted. We report a case of a 33 year old man presenting to the respiratory outdoor clinic for recent onset loud snoring and increased daytime sleepiness. Routine biochemistry reports revealed hyperlipidemia and severe hyperglycemia. The patient was ambulatory and stable throughout. The subsequent investigations identified multiple stressors and the possibility of a single cause was analysed. A rapid glycemic control and amelioration of symptoms were observed based on consistent monitoring and a conservative clinical approach. The key findings and relevant review of literature are discussed in this article.