Uso de los rayos X en la guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana

En Cuba, el primer departamento de rayos X se inauguró en el año 1907 por Francisco Domínguez Roldán. Poco se divulga un contacto previo durante el siglo XIX, en la guerra hispano-norteamericana. Este artículo describe el uso de los rayos X en la guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana y su importancia en la historia de la Radiología. Para esta contienda, la parte norteamericana preparó sus barcos hospitales. El ejército habilitó el Relief y el Missouri, mientras que la marina lo hizo con Solace. También se convirtieron en buques hospitales el Olivette y el Bay State. Todos contaban con equipos de rayos X. El capitán Borden publicó un libro en 1900 "El uso de los rayos Roentgen por el departamento médico de la armada estadounidense en la guerra con España (1898)" que marcó un antes y un después en el uso de los rayos X. Este fue un hecho trascendental para la historia de la Radiología y favoreció un avance considerable en la sanidad militar y civil.

In Cuba, the first X-ray department was set up in 1907 by Francisco Domínguez Roldán. Little is reported about a previous contact during the 19th century in the Spanish-Cuban-American war. This article describes the use of X-rays in the Spanish-Cuban-American war and its importance in the history of Radiology. For this war the American side prepared its hospital ships. The Army fitted out the Relief and the Missouri, while the Navy did it with the Solace. The Olivette and the Bay State also became hospital ships. All were equipped with X-ray equipment. Captain Borden published a book in 1900 "The Use of Roentgen Rays by the Medical Department of the U.S. Navy in the War with Spain (1898)" which marked a before and after in the use of X-rays. This was a transcendental fact for the history of Radiology and favored a considerable advance in military and civilian health.

Effect of ship-shaped expanded polytetrafluoroethylene nasal prosthesis in rhinoplasty / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of ship-shaped expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) nasal prosthesis in rhinoplasty.Methods:From February 2016 to June 2021, 86 patients, including 9 males and 77 females, aged 18-47 (24±5) years old, were admitted to Chengdu High-tech Zone Xinyuerong Medical Aesthetic Clinic for cosmetic treatment of rhinoplasty. All patients underwent rhinoplasty with the application of ship-shaped e-PTFE and autologous cartilage. The postoperative complications, glabellar fullness, inverted brow triangle, nasal polygon aesthetic shape and patient satisfaction were evaluated. These data were measured and analyzed, including the nasal length, nasal tip height, nasal frontal angle and nasal facial angle before and after the operation.Results:In 86 patients, the incision healed in one stage after surgery, and 8 cases had nasal vestibular scar hyperplasia. All patients were followed up for 1-5 years: 84 cases obtained satisfactory nasal morphology, and 2 cases recovered naturally after adjusting and lowering the prosthesis height half a year after surgery because the interbrow area was too full. 74 patients (86%) were very satisfied, 10 cases (11.6%) were satisfied. The nasal length was (4.07±0.20) cm, the nasal tip height was (2.66±0.36) cm, the nasal frontal angle was (106.42±8.04)°, and the nasal face angle was (15.90±0.85)°before operation. The nasal length was (4.23±0.20) cm, the nasal tip height was (2.59±0.26) cm, the naso-frontal angle was (113.69±6.34)°, and the naso-facial angle was (21.57±0.78)° at eighteen months after operation. There were statistically significant differences in nasal length, naso-frontal angle and naso-facial angle ( t=-5.51, -5.96, -52.31, P<0.01), but no statistically significant differences in nasal tip height ( t=1.47, P=0.146). Conclusions:The ship-shaped e-PTFE can be shaped to reflect the aesthetic of the nose dorsum, which is similar to the anatomical structure of the nose dorsum, increase the stability and authenticity of the prosthesis, and is worthy of clinical application.

Effect of Fuzitang on Proliferation of Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast Cell Line MH7A and Expression of miR-155 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Fuzitang （FZT） on the proliferation of MH7A cells， the human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts， and the expression of miR-155 and explore its anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanism. MethodMH7A cells were cultured in vitro and divided into a blank group， high- （25 g·L-1） and low-dose （12.5 g·L-1） FZT groups， and a positive drug group （hydroxychloroquine， 0.006 25 g·L-1）. The cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method， and the change in the MH7A cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of miR-155 and its downstream genes， including SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase-1（SHIP-1）， protein kinase B 3（Akt3）， and mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR）， was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， Akt3， and mTOR was detected by Western blot. ResultFZT in vitro in a concentration of 6.25 g·L-1 above could inhibit the proliferation of MH7A cells in the significant dose- and time-effect manner. Compared with the blank group， the FZT groups showed increased proportions of cells in the G2/M phase （P<0.05）， and the high-dose FZT group showed a decreased proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase （P<0.05）. The arresting effect of FZT on the cell cycle was in a significant dose-effect manner. Compared with the blank group， the FZT groups showed down-regulated miR-155 and mTOR mRNA expression （P<0.05）， and the high-dose FZT group showed up-regulated SHIP1 mRNA expression and down-regulated Akt3 mRNA expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the FZT groups showed reduced protein expression of PI3K， Akt3， and mTOR （P<0.05）. ConclusionFZT can significantly inhibit the proliferation of MH7A cells， and the mechanism is related to the promotion of the expression of SHIP-1 and down-regulation of the gene expression of the PI3K/Akt3/mTOR signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of miR-155.

Requerimientos para la operación de cruceros y medidas para los pasajeros: síntesis rápida de evidencia / Requirements for the operation of cruise ships and measures for passengers: rapid evidence synthesis

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO A raíz de la pandemia por COVID-19 y con el objetivo de limitar su propagación, el Gobierno de Chile ha implementado diferentes medidas para identificar tempranamente casos nuevos, aislar rápidamente los casos confirmados e indicar cuarentena a sus contactos estrechos. Los protocolos o definiciones epidemiológicas se han ido adecuando en la medida que aumenta el conocimiento respecto al comportamiento del SARS-CoV-2 y a la contingencia epidemiológica. Actualmente, el Ministerio de Salud se encuentra evaluando las condiciones que exigirá a cruceros para operar en aguas chilenas. En consecuencia, el equipo del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional del Departamento de Epidemiología solicita esta síntesis con el objetivo de describir los requisitos de la operación de cruceros y medidas para los pasajeros establecidas en diferentes países. METODOLOGÍA Primero se elaboró un listado de los países con mayor concurrencia de pasajeros de cruceros. Posteriormente, se identificaron organismos internacionales de referencia en materias de salud pública y asuntos marítimos. Luego de establecer los países y organizaciones de interés, se buscó en sus páginas gubernamentales. Se complementó con una búsqueda no estructurada de buscadores web no científicos. Se incluye información de 10 países: Estados Unidos, España, Italia, México, Reino Unido, China, Bahamas, Jamaica, Australia e Israel. 4 organismos internacionales RESULTADOS Las condiciones aplicadas por los países o las recomendadas realizadas por organismos internacionales son las siguientes: -Cruceros: monitoreo y reporte de la situación epidemiológica; protocolos de la naviera para la prevención y mitigación de riesgo sanitario; fortalecimiento de insumos y de profesional médico a bordo; adquisición de seguros médicos en caso de brotes; adquisición de seguros o acuerdos con residencias para aislamiento o cuarentena; entrenamiento, requisitos y protección a la tripulación; distanciamiento y reducción del número de pasajeros al 50% de la capacidad máxima. -Pasajeros: ausencia de síntomas o de indicación de aislamiento, uso de mascarilla, distanciamiento físico, realización de test para COVID-19 y presentar certificado de vacunación en caso de poseerlo. -Algunos países mantienen cerradas las actividades de cruceros en sus costas, otros las han restringido a viajes domésticos y otros no las han iniciado por decisión de las propias navieras.

Comparing the medical preparation on cruise ships between China and USA / 中国职业医学

Cruise tourism is a modern high-end tourism product. Under the background of the public health emergency response brought about by the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, there are some dilemma in cruise tourism, such as the insufficient of doctors and medical services on cruise ships. It is known that the international treaties or rules on the provision of medical equipment formulated by relevant international organizations have not yet been able to meet the needs of cruise passengers in terms of medical treatment. Based on this, this article compares and analyzes the differences between China and the United States in the medical services provided on cruise ships, the judicial practice of medical disputes arising from cruise ships, and the legislation related to the provision of operating doctors on board. According to the characteristics of disease transmission on cruise ships, it is suggested that by reference to the relevant international treaties and the effective practices of the United States, various measures should be taken to solve the problems of insufficient doctors and insufficient medical services provided on cruise ships in China, such as improving domestic relevant legislation, advocating cruise passengers to increase their awareness of purchasing insurance related to cruise travel, clarifying the obligation of doctors on board, the qualifications of the doctors and related responsibilities. The cruise industry association should play an active role in this issue.

Medical consumable requisition duiring “Mission Harmony” overseas medical services on hospital ship: Analysis and thinking on the characteristics / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the characteristics of “Mission Harmony” overseas medical services and medical consumable requisitions, so as to provide reasonable and scientific advice for preparing future “Mission Harmony”overseas medical consumables and to scientifically and reasonably design the proportions of the medical consumable for each department. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the person times of medical services, medical consumable requisitions and distribution proportion of medical consumable for each department based on “Mission Harmony-2017” overseas medical services in eight countries and “Mission Harmony-2018” overseas medical services at 18 service sites in 10 countries. Results A total of 110 983 patients received diagnosis and treatment, 587 patients received surgical treatment, and 454 patients were hospitalized during the two missions. Department deployment before departure of the hospital ship was the peak period of medical consumable requisitions (43.80%, 241 543/551 510). The basic medical consumables were mainly applied during the overseas medical services (49.72%, 274 225/551 510). Specialized medical consumables were mainly applied during the department deployment period (11.43%, 63 046/551 510). The medical consumables were mainly applied by the General Department of the Outpatient Department (42.39%, 233 811/551 510), Operation Room (22.99%, 126 784/551 510), and the Ward (9.67%, 53 319/551 510), while Imaging Department was the main auxiliary department to apply (4.19%, 23 085/551 510). During the periods of department deployment and overseas medical services, there were significant differences in basic medical consumables and specialized medical consumables in the General Department, Stomatology Department, Ophthalmology Department, Gynecology Department, Laboratory Department, Special Examination Room, Imaging Department, Sterilization and Supply Department, Operation Room, Ward, and others (all P<0.01). During the department deployment period, the General Department, Gynecology Department, Laboratory Department, Special Examination Room, Operation Room, Ward, and others mainly applied for basic medical consumables, while Stomatology Department, Ophthalmology Department, Imaging Department and Sterilization and Supply Department mainly applied for specialized medical consumables. During the period of overseas medical services, the General Department, Stomatology Department, Ophthalmology Department, Gynecology Department, Laboratory Department, Special Examination Room, Sterilization and Supply department, Operation Room, Ward, and others mainly applied for basic medical consumables, while the Imaging Department mainly applied for specialized medical consumables. Conclusion Different departments have different requisitions on medical consumables at different task stages. It is necessary to strengthen the management of consumables and improve the pertinence of requisition and distribution of consumables. The consumption and distribution proportions of medical consumables in each department can provide reference for the preparation, requisition and distribution for future tasks.

Saneamento nas embarcações fluviais de passageiros na Amazônia: uma análise de risco ao meio ambiente e à saúde por meio da lógica fuzzy / Sanitation on fluvial passenger ships in Amazônia: an analysis of risks to the environment and to health through fuzzy logic

RESUMO O transporte fluvial é um dos principais meios de locomoção de pessoas e cargas na Região Amazônica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar por meio da Lógica Fuzzy o risco ao meio ambiente e à saúde em relação aos efluentes sanitários das embarcações fluviais de passageiros da Região Amazônica e da água para consumo humano distribuída a bordo. Para alcançar os objetivos, foram feitas coletas de água superficial em pontos específicos do rio Amazonas e da água para consumo humano a bordo durante uma viagem de 830 km entre Santarém (PA) e Belém (PA), em uma embarcação fluvial de passageiros. Os resultados mostraram que as embarcações que operam na linha regular Belém/Santarém/Belém não dispõem de mecanismos de captação, armazenamento e tratamento de efluentes sanitários e da água servida, lançando-os diretamente nos rios. A água consumida pelos passageiros e tripulantes, que foi objeto de estudo, é de péssima qualidade, apresentando 89% de amostras contaminadas por coliformes totais e 84% pela bactéria Escherichia coli. Todas as amostras da água superficial apresentaram contaminação por coliformes totais e E. coli. As estatísticas e o modelo propostos, utilizando a lógica fuzzy, apontaram que o risco para o meio ambiente e para a saúde é muito alto em razão da falta de saneamento nas embarcações fluviais de passageiros na Amazônia.

ABSTRACT Fluvial transportation is one of the main ways of transportation for people and loads in the Amazon region. This work has as its main goal to analyze, through the Fuzzy Logic, the risks to the environment and to people's health regarding the sanitary effluents of fluvial passengers ships in the Amazon Region, as well as the human consumable water distributed on board. To achieve these goals, superficial water collections in specific points of the Amazonas river and collections of human consumable water on board during a trip of 830 km between Santarém/PA and Belém/PA in a fluvial passenger ship were performed. The results showed that the ship that goes through the regular line Belém/Santarém/Belém does not have any methods of caption, storage and sanitary treatment of the effluents and the water served, throwing dejects directly into the river. The consumable water used by the passengers and the crew on board has a terrible quality, because 89% of the samples were contaminated with total coliforms and 84% with Escherichia coli. All superficial water samples were contaminated by total coliforms and E. coli. Statistics and the Fuzzy Logic model pointed that the risks are very high for the environment and for human health due of the lack of sanitation of these fluvial passenger ships in Amazon.

Characteristics and research status of injuries on surface vessels induced by underwater explosion / 第二军医大学学报

Warships undergo accelerated motion when attacked by underwater explosion in the naval battles, resulting in severe damage of the warship personnel, which is termed as ship shock injury. The ship shock injury is the main factor that causes the loss of fighting capacity of personnel on warships. A great number of studies on ship shock injury have been made at home and abroad. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed the history, research methods, injury mechanisms and characteristics, and protection and treatment measures of ship shock injury, pointing out the shortcomings of current research and proposing research direction in future. We hoped this paper can help to deepen the understanding of naval surgeons on ship shock injury and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of ship shock injury.

Prevention and control strategies for infectious diseases in the high-incidence areas during medical service period of hospital ship / 第二军医大学学报

When providing medical services in infectious disease high-incidence areas such as Africa becomes a routine, the prevention and control of infectious diseases has become an indispensable part of hospital ship mission.“Mission Harmony-2017” provided a 155-day medical service in seven African countries (Djibouti, Sierra Leone, Gabon, Congo [Brazzaville], Angola, Mozambique and Tanzania). We successfully completed the mission through active preparation before the departure, including carefully studying the prevalent trend of infectious diseases in these countries, disease screening and compulsory vaccination and drug prevention, and critical prevention and control during the mission (staff training, health and epidemic prevention and graded precaution). At last we achieved “zero” incidence of infectious diseases among mission personnel during the task. The prevention and control strategies for infectious diseases in this mission can provide experience for all kinds of personnel in areas with high-incidence of infectious diseases in the future.

Simulation analysis of medical support process for some model of ship / 医疗卫生装备

Object To quantitatively analyze the rationality of medical support process and resource allocation on a certain model of ship.Methods Based on the queuing theory, the simulation model was built and analyzed by using simulation software. The medical system operational effectiveness was investigated through process parameters, such as the wounded waiting time, the resource utilization of major equipment.Results The simulation results showed that the design scheme of medical system was reasonable.Conclusion The quantitative process parameters of the system operating efficiency can be obtained at the design stage by using simulation analysis technology, which is of great practical value for the rationality of medical system design on ship.

Layout design of operating area in Model 920 hospital ship / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To research the location,composition,zoning,flow and combination form of medical system of Model 920 hospital ship, and to provide theoretical support for the design of the hospital ship. Methods The layout of medical system of the hospital ship was constructed based on the theories of ship engineering design,hospital architecture design and naval health service as well as the requirements for height and internal environment of medical system.Results The mode combining multi corridor and single column was used to design 8 operating rooms and accessories in the midship of No.01 deck.Conclusion The multi-corridor single-column combination operating area occupies less ship space resources and the surgical treatment of wounded and sick patients is efficient, which is suitable for the platform of the ship and is worthy of reference for the design of the medical system of the large-scale rescue platform on the sea. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):39-43]

Enlightenment for surgeon training in Chinese navy warship troops from independent duty corpsman in U.S. Navy / 第二军医大学学报

Independent duty corpsmans (IDCs) are mainly responsible for the primary health care service of United States Navy. United States Navy has established a set of strict system and accumulated rich practical experience in the selection and training of IDCs. The training modes and methods of IDCs can provide an important reference for the training of medical officers in Chinese navy warship troops. In this paper, we introduced the training modes of IDCs, and analyzed the problems and countermeasures of the training of medical officers in our navy warship troops in terms of talent cultivation, education and training system, curriculum reform, and teaching techniques by combining the actual situation of our navy.

Clinical efficacy of cataract phacoemulsification performed in seven African countries during “Mission Harmony-2017” task / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of cataract phacoemulsification combined with implantation of artificial lens for patients with cataract in seven African countries during“Mission Harmony-2017” task. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data from 51 cataract patients (52 eyes) receiving cataract phacoemulsification combined with implantation of artificial lens between Aug. 2017 and Nov. 2017 on Ark-peace Hospital Ship. The preoperative and 1 d postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and astigmatism were compared, the postoperative ocular recovery was observed, and the intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results One day postoperation, 4 (7.7%) of 52 eyes had a best-corrected visual acuity ranging from 0.06 to 0.3, 26 (50.0%) 0.4 to 0.6, and 22 (42.3%) 0.8 to 1.2. Slit-lamp examination showed that 48 eyes (92.3%) had corneal hyaline on 1-3 d after operation, 4 eyes (7.7%) had corneal edema, and 50 eyes (96.2%) had round pupil with diameter being 2.0-3.0 mm, and posterior corneal deposits and Tyndall effect were negative in all eyes. The mean astigmatism of 52 eyes before operation was significantly higher than that on 1 d after operation ([1.13±1.02] D vs [2.67±0.87] D, t=2.365, P<0.05). Posterior capsular rupture and vitreous prolapse occurred in 2 eyes (3.8%), prolapse of iris in 1 eye (1.9%), and progressive pupil reduction in 2 eyes (3.8%) during operation. Corneal edema occurred in 4 eyes (7.7%) on 1 d after operation. Conclusion Cataract phacoemulsification combined with implantation of artificial lens can be safely and effectively performed on Ark-peace Hospital Ship.

Thinking on ultrasonography practice in overseas medical service on hospital ship during “Mission Harmony-2017” task / 第二军医大学学报

“Ark Peace” is a modern hospital ship for marine medical rescue, and is taken as “the tertiary academic hospital floating on the sea”. It plays an important role in the ocean-going medical support and military diplomacy of the Chinese Navy. Ultrasound diagnosis, as an indispensable part of hospital ship, provides a solid guarantee for medical services. We summarized our experience on the equipment configuration, staff preparation, reporting system improvement, quality control management and introduction of new technologies on hospital ship during “Mission Harmony-2017” task, and put forward some suggestions for improving the comprehensive diagnosis and medical treatment ability and carrying out diversified military tasks in the future.

Construction of SHIP1 overexpressed NSCLC cell line and the effect of SHIP1 on NSCLC cell proliferation / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To observe the effect of SHIP1 on NSCLC cell proliferation. Methods: The CDS region of human SHIP1 gene was obtained by inquiring NCBI Gene database and was inserted into the vector pTSB-CMV-MCS-SBP-3Flag-EGFP to construct SHIP1 over-expression plasmid, which was further used to construct SHIP1 overexpression lentivirus. SHIP1 over-expressed lentiviruses were used to transfect A549, SPCA-1 and PC-9 cell lines to construct SHIP1 overexpressed NSCLC cell line. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNAexpression of SHIP1. The MTT assay and Clone formation assay were used to examine the cell proliferation ability and clone formation ability of PC-9 cells overexpressed SHIP1; Western blotting was performed to examine the level of AP-1 proteins. Results: The sequencing result suggested that the SHIP1 eukaryotic over-expression plasmid was successfully constructed. A519, SPCA-1 and PC-9 cells with SHIP1 over-expression were observed to display uniform green fluorescence under fluorescent microscopy. Compared with negative control group, the mRNA and protein levels of SHIP1 were significantly increased in SHIP1 overexpressed cells (all P<0.01). The over-expression of SHIP1 suppressed the abilities of proliferation and clone formation in PC-9 cells (all P<0.01), and down-regulated the expression of p-c-Jun and FosB etc. Conclusion: The SHIP1 overexpressed NSCLC cell lines were successfully established, and the over-expression of SHIP1 suppressed the cell proliferation ability by inhibitingAP-1 proteins in NSCLC cell lines.

Novel benzamido derivatives as PTP1B inhibitors with anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering efficacy

Based on a non-competitive and selective PTP1B inhibitor reported by us previously, thirty-nine benzamido derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel PTP1B inhibitors. Among them, twelve compounds exhibited IC values at micromolar level against human recombinant PTP1B, and most of them exhibited significant selectivity to PTP1B over TC-PTP and CD45. Further evaluation of the most potent compound on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin-resistant (IR) obese mice indicated that could modulate glucose metabolism and ameliorate dyslipidemia simultaneously.

Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by ship smog / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To establish and evaluate a rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by ship smog.Methods A rat model of inhalation lung injury was established by analyzing the composition of ship materials after combustion.Fortytwo healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group and 2,6,12,24,48 and 72h groups (6 each)after inhalation,these rats were killed at each time point,and the changes of arterial blood gas,coagulation function,the lung water content (％) were detected.Macroscopic and microscopic changes in lung tissues were observed to judge the degree of lung injury.Results The main components after combustion of 7 kinds of nonmetal materials on ship included CO,CO2,H2S,NOx and other harmful gases in this study,AIKE in one gas detector was used to monitor O2,CO,CO2 and H2S,and their concentrations remained relatively stable within 15 minutes,and the injury time was 15 minutes.The rats presented with shortness of breath and mouth breathing.Smoke inhalation caused a significant hypoxemia,the concentration of blood COHb reached a peak value 2h and the lung water content (％) did 6h after inhalation (P＜0.05).It is metabolic acidosis in the early stage after inhalation,but metabolic acidosis combined with respiratory acidosis in the later period.Histopathological observation showed diffuse hemorrhage,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue as manifestations of lung injury,and the injury did not recover at 72h after inhalation,the change of blood coagulation function was not statistically significant.Conclusion A rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by ship smog has been successfully established,and has the advantages of easy replication,stability and reliability,thus can be used to research and treat inhalation lung injury induced by ship smog in naval war environment and other cases.

Dose-response relationship of anhydrous alcohol for thoracic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To determine the dose-response relationship of anhydrous alcohol for thorac-ic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Methods Two hundred patients with prima-ry palmar hyperhidrosis, aged 18-33 yr, grade of palmar sweating 3 or 4, scheduled for elective surgery under thoracic sympathetic block, were divided into 5 different mixture of anhydrous alcohol and iohexol (iohexol : anhydrous alcohol=1 : 5)groups(n=40 each)using a random number table. Under CT guid-ance, thoracic intervertebral puncture was performed between T3and T4until the needle tip reached the spot around T4and above capitis costae. The mixture of anhydrous alcohol 10 ml(group R1), 15 ml(group R2), 20 ml(group R3), 25 ml(group R4)and 30 ml(group R5)and iohexol was injected into the thoracic sympathetic ganglia on both sides. Effective block was defined as the rise in the palm tempera-ture of both hands more than 3℃ and sweating completely disappeared at 10 min after thoracic sympathetic block was performed with anhydrous alcohol. The median effective dose(ED50), ED95and 95% confi-dence interval(CI)of anhydrous alcohol for thoracic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyper-hidrosis were calculated by probit analysis. Results The ED50(95% CI)of anhydrous alcohol for thorac-ic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis was 1882(1564-2201)ml, and the ED95 (95% CI)was 2806(2420-3812)ml. Conclusion The ED50and ED95of anhydrous alcohol for tho-racic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis are 1882 and 2806 ml, respectively.

Biochemical indices of red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced preserved in navy ship force during a long voyage / 军事医学

Objective To explore the influence on and changes in the biochemical indices of red blood cells(RBCs)in additive solution leukocytes reduced preserved in navy ship force on a long voyage.Methods According to the Requirement of Health Examination for Blood Donors(GB 18467 -2011),RBCs in additive solution leukocytes reduced were prepared from 10 healthy voluntary blood donators one day before sailing.Each blood sample was divided into two parts,one in test group and another in control group.All the groups had samples taken for the biochemical index detection after 1,3,5,7,14 and 21 days of sailing respectively.Results ①The change in total protein(P=0.235)and albumin (P=0.119)concentration was not obvious,and the difference between the two groups was not significant.②The change in total creatinine(P=0.001)and uric acid(P=0.001)concentration was obvious, but the difference between the two groups was not significant.③The change in total cholesterol(P=0.354)concentration was not obvious,but the change in triglycerides(P=0.005)concentration was significant.The difference between the two groups was not significant.④The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase increased with the time of preservation(P<0.001).The difference between the two groups was not significant.⑤The interaction between grouping effect and time effect had no significant influence on the concentration of osmolarity(OSM)(P=0.968)and glucose(Glu) (P=0.406).Between the two groups,the difference of concentrations of OSM(P=0.569)and Glu(P=0.115)was not significant.Conclusion Under the 4 class sea conditions, a long voyage has some impact on the storage of RBCs in additive solution leukocytes reduced,as in the conventional blood storage refrigerator(4 ±2)℃.The results of this study have important clinical implications for our further study of marine blood support.

Analysis of the casualties aboard warships attacked by anti-ship missiles / 军事医学

In the future,anti-ship missiles(ASM) will be major weapons in the sea war.It is very important to handle the profile of the casualties aboard warships attacked by ASM for development of naval health service.The statistical result shows there is a greater chance of casualties but less chance of warships being sunken by ASM.Besides,medical staffs should pay more attention to the first aid for victims due to blast,burn,smoke inhalation and penetration while the danger of the sea water immersion should not be ignored.