Descripción de polimorfismos genéticos en CYP3A5 y MDR-1 y su impacto en el rechazo agudo clínico de pacientes trasplantados de hígado del Hospital San Vicente Fundación Rionegro / Description of genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A5 and MDR-1 and their impact on clinical acute rejection in liver transplant patients at Hospital San Vicente Fundación Rionegro

Introducción. El tacrolimus es un medicamento inmunosupresor ampliamente usado en trasplante hepático, que presenta una gran variabilidad interindividual la cual se considera asociada a la frecuencia de polimorfismos de CYP3A5 y MDR-1. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia de los polimorfismos rs776746, rs2032582 y rs1045642 y su asociación con rechazo clínico y toxicidad farmacológica. Métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes inmunosuprimidos con tacrolimus a quienes se les realizó trasplante hepático en el Hospital San Vicente Fundación Rionegro entre 2020 y 2022, con supervivencia mayor a un mes. Se evaluaron las variables clínicas, rechazo agudo y toxicidad farmacológica. Se secuenciaron los genes de estudio mediante PCR, comparando la expresión o no en cada uno de los pacientes. Resultados. Se identificaron 17 pacientes. El 43 % de los pacientes se clasificaron como CYP3A5*1/*1 y CYP3A5*1/*3, entre los cuales se encontró asociación con aumento en la tasa de rechazo agudo clínico, al comparar con los pacientes no expresivos (100 % vs. 44 %, p=0,05); no hubo diferencias en cuanto a la toxicidad farmacológica u otros desenlaces. Se encontró el polimorfismo rs2032582 en un 50 % y el rs1045642 en un 23,5 % de los pacientes, sin embargo, no se identificó asociación con rechazo u otros eventos clínicos. Conclusiones. Se encontró una asociación entre el genotipo CYP3A5*1/*1 y CYP3A5*1/*3 y la tasa de rechazo clínico. Sin embargo, se requiere una muestra más amplia para validar estos datos y plantear modelos de medicina personalizada.

Introduction. Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in liver transplantation, which presents great interindividual variability which is considered associated with the frequency of CYP3A5 and MDR-1 polymorphisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the rs776746, rs2032582 and rs1045642 polymorphisms and their association with clinical rejection and drug toxicity. Methods. Immunosuppressed patients with tacrolimus who underwent a liver transplant at the Hospital San Vicente Fundación Rionegro between 2020 and 2022 were included, with survival of more than one month. Clinical variables, acute rejection and pharmacological toxicity were evaluated. The study genes were sequenced by PCR, comparing their expression or not in each of the patients. Results. Seventeen patients were identified. 43% of the patients were classified as CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3, among which an association was found with increased rates of clinical acute rejection when compared with non-expressive patients (100% vs. 44%, p=0.05). There were no differences in drug toxicity or other outcomes. The rs2032582 polymorphism was found in 50% and rs1045642 in 23.5% of patients; however, no association with rejection or other clinical events was identified. Conclusions. An association was found between the CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype and the clinical rejection rate. However, a larger sample is required to validate these data and propose models of personalized medicine.

Genetic diversity analysis and fingerprinting of 175 Chimonanthus praecox germplasm based on SSR molecular marker / 生物工程学报

The elucidation of resources pertaining to the Chimonanthus praecox varieties and the establishment of a fingerprint serve as crucial underpinnings for advancing scientific inquiry and industrial progress in relation to C. praecox. Employing the SSR molecular marker technology, an exploration of the genetic diversity of 175 C. praecox varieties (lines) in the Yanling region was conducted, and an analysis of the genetic diversity among these varieties was carried out using the UPDM clustering method in NTSYSpc 2.1 software. We analyzed the genetic structure of 175 germplasm using Structure v2.3.3 software based on a Bayesian model. General linear model (GLM) association was utilized to analyze traits and markers. The genetic diversity analysis revealed a mean number of alleles (Na) of 6.857, a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.496 3, a mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.503 7, a mean genetic diversity index of Nei՚s of 0.494 9, and a mean Shannon information index of 0.995 8. These results suggest that the C. praecox population in Yanling exhibits a rich genetic diversity. Additionally, the population structure and the UPDM clustering were examined. In the GLM model, a total of fifteen marker loci exhibited significant (P < 0.05) association with eight phenotypic traits, with the explained phenotypic variation ranging from 14.90% to 36.03%. The construction of fingerprints for C. praecox varieties (lines) was accomplished by utilizing eleven primer pairs with the highest polymorphic information content, resulting in the analysis of 175 SSR markers. The present study offers a thorough examination of the genetic diversity and SSR molecular markers of C. praecox in Yanling, and establishes a fundamental germplasm repository of C. praecox, thereby furnishing theoretical underpinnings for the selection and cultivation of novel and superior C. praecox varieties, varietal identification, and resource preservation and exploitation.

Effect of Modified Cangfu Daotantang on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Simple Obese Children with Phlegm Dampness and Stagnation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe and compare the intervention effect of modified Cangfu Daotantang on glucose and lipid metabolism in simple obese children with phlegm dampness and stagnation. MethodA total of 60 children with simple obesity were randomly divided into two groups according to the simple randomization method of the random number table. The odd number was included in the test group， and the even number was included in the basic treatment group， with 30 cases in each group. On the basis of signing the informed consent notice， the treatment group was given modified Cangfu Daotantang combined with basic treatment， while the control group was only given basic treatment. After three months of treatment， the body mass index （BMI）， glucose and lipid metabolism level ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， fasting insulin （FINS）， and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）］， the change in the total score of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes， and the effective rate of treatment were observed and compared. ResultAfter treatment， the BMI of the observation group and the control group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the BMI level in the observation group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. After treatment， the levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C in the observation group and the control group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C in the observation group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. In addition， the level of TC in the observation group improved significantly compared with that in the control group （P<0.01）. The levels of FPG， FINS， and HOMA-IR in the observation group and the control group were significantly lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， compared with the control group， the levels of FPG， FINS， and HOMA-IR in the observation group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The level of FPG in the observation group was significantly improved compared with that in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， the total score of TCM syndromes in the two groups decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the total score of TCM syndromes in the observation group was lower （P<0.01）. After treatment， the total effective rate of treatment was 86.67% （26/30） in the observation group and 73.33% （22/30） in the control group. By rank sum test， the total effective rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group （Z=-2.100， P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Cangfu Daotantang combined with basic treatment can effectively reduce the BMI of obese children and improve their glucose and lipid metabolism. It has good clinical effects and high clinical application value， which is worth further in-depth research and promotion.

Rendimiento en los juegos panamericanos de Santiago 2023: predicción mediante método de suavización exponencial simple / Performance at the Santiago 2023 pan american games: prediction using a simple exponential smoothing method / Desempenho nos jogos pan-americanos de Santiago 2023: predição usando o método de suavização exponencial simples

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el desempeño deportivo de la delegación chilena en los Juegos Panamericanos celebrados entre los años 1951 y 2023, haciendo uso de datos retrospectivos y proyectivos a través de series temporales de tiempo. Para esto se empleó un diseño cuantitativo, no experimental y longitudinal de tendencias y un método de suavización exponencial simple, que utiliza promedios históricos y que permite realizar una predicción o comportamiento futuro basado en una media ponderada de los valores actuales y de los pasados. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, fue posible concluir que, en las últimas décadas, la ubicación de Chile en el ranking de los Juegos Panamericanos se ha estabilizado en torno a un onceavo lugar, posición pronosticada para Santiago 2023. Manteniéndose condiciones similares, el desempeño deportivo general y específico no tendría un quiebre exponencial de la tendencia y los resultados no resultan favorables, específicamente en lo que respecta a la obtención de medallas de oro y la posición general de la delegación.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the sports performance of the Chilean delegation in the Pan American Games held between 1951 and 2023, using retrospective and projective data through time series. For this purpose, a quantitative, non-experimental and longitudinal design of trends and a simple exponential smoothing method was used, which uses historical averages and allows a prediction or future behavior based on a weighted average of current and past values. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that, in recent decades, Chile's position in the Pan American Games ranking has stabilized around eleventh place, a position predicted for Santiago 2023. Maintaining similar conditions, the general and specific sporting performance would not have an exponential break in the trend and the results are not favorable, specifically in terms of obtaining gold medals and the overall position of the delegation.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o desempenho esportivo da delegação chilena nos Jogos Pan-Americanos realizados entre 1951 e 2023, usando dados retrospectivos e projetivos por meio de séries temporais. Para isso, foi utilizado um desenho quantitativo, não experimental e longitudinal de tendências e um método de suavização exponencial simples, que utiliza médias históricas e permite uma previsão do comportamento futuro com base em uma média ponderada dos valores atuais e passados. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que, nas últimas décadas, a posição do Chile no ranking dos Jogos Pan-Americanos se estabilizou em torno do 11º lugar, posição prevista para Santiago 2023. Mantendo-se condições semelhantes, o desempenho esportivo geral e específico não teria uma quebra exponencial na tendência e os resultados não são favoráveis, especificamente em termos de conquista de medalhas de ouro e posição geral da delegação.

Encefalitis autoinmune posherpética. Caso clínico pediátrico / Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis. A pediatric clinical case report

La encefalitis por virus herpes simple (VHS) es una causa frecuente de encefalitis grave y potencialmente fatal. La encefalitis autoinmune posherpética (EAPH) afecta a un porcentaje de los pacientes que han presentado encefalitis herpética (EH) y se caracteriza por la aparición de nuevos síntomas neurológico/psiquiátricos, y/o por el empeoramiento de los déficits adquiridos durante la infección viral dentro de un lapso temporal predecible. Se produce por un mecanismo no relacionado con el VHS, sino por fenómenos autoinmunes, y es susceptible de tratamiento con inmunomoduladores. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 5 años de edad con EAPH que requirió tratamiento inmunomodulador, de primera y segunda línea, con buena evolución y remisión de los síntomas.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a common cause of severe and potentially fatal encephalitis. Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis (AIPHSE) affects a percentage of patients who developed herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and is characterized by the onset of new neurological/psychiatric symptoms and/or worsening of deficits acquired during the herpes infection within a predictable time frame. It is caused by a mechanism not related to HSV, but by autoimmune conditions, and is susceptible to treatment with immunomodulators. Here we describe the case of a 5-year-old boy with AIPHSE who required first- and second-line immunomodulatory treatment, with an adequate course and remission of symptoms.

Analysis of Wrist Morphology Through Hamate and Lunate Bone Variations in Anatolian Population Using Plain Radiography / Análisis de la Morfología de la Articulación Radiocarpiana a Través de las Variaciones de los Huesos Hamato y Semilunar en la Población de Anatolia Mediante Radiografía Simple

SUMMARY: The present study aimed to evaluate wrist (lunate) anatomy in terms of the incidence of lunatum morphology on plain-radiographs among the Anatolian (Turkey) population, accompanied by demographic analysis. We obtained all the patients' data regarding demographical features, diagnosis, and posteroanterior (PA) X-ray imaging. Two radiograph-reviewers repeated the analysis twice, one month later, blinded to their findings before the previous review. The lunatum structure was determined as Type-1 (n:293) and Type-2 (n:207) for each radiograph. Most of the 500 wrists' radiographs [n:293 (58.6 %)] were type-I lunate. The mean age was 36.7±13.3 (range:18-90) years. Sex distribution was as follows: 185 (63.1 %) males to 108 (36.9 %) females. Type-2 lunate was seen in 207 participants (41.4 %). The mean age for type-2 was 41.6±15.2 (18-88) years. 142 (68.6 %) participants were male sex, while 65 (31.4 %) were females. The mean age of subjects with type-I showed a difference with type-II (p=0.007). There was no relationship in terms of sex (p=0.206) between the groups. In the Anatolian region, type-1 lunate was dominant compared to type-2. The incidence rate of lunate type in Anatolian population was similar to the Arab population.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la anatomía de la articulación radiocarpiana en términos de la incidencia de la morfología del hueso semilunar en radiografías simples entre la población de Anatolia (Turquía), acompañado de un análisis demográfico. Obtuvimos todos los datos de los pacientes con respecto a las características demográficas, el diagnóstico y las imágenes de rayos X posteroanteriores (PA). Dos revisores de radiografías repitieron el análisis dos veces, un mes después, sin conocer sus hallazgos antes de la revisión anterior. La estructura del lunatum se determinó como Tipo-1 (n:293) y Tipo-2 (n:207) para cada radiografía. La mayoría de las 500 radiografías de muñecas [n:293 (58,6 %)] fueron semilunar tipo I. La edad media fue de 36,7±13,3 (rango: 18-90) años. La distribución por sexos fue la siguiente: 185 (63,1 %) hombres y 108 (36,9 %) mujeres. El semilunar tipo 2 se observó en 207 participantes (41,4 %). La edad media para el tipo 2 fue de 41,6±15,2 (18-88) años. 142 (68,6 %) participantes eran del sexo masculino, mientras que 65 (31,4 %) eran del sexo femenino. La edad media de los sujetos con tipo I mostró una diferencia con el tipo II (p = 0,007). No hubo relación en cuanto al sexo (p=0,206) entre los grupos. En la región de Anatolia, el semilunar tipo 1 era dominante en comparación con el tipo 2. La tasa de incidencia del tipo semilunar en la población de Anatolia fue similar a la de la población árabe.

Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de pacientes con glaucoma crónico simple / Epidemiologic and clinic characteristics of patients with chronic simple glaucoma i: en

Introducción: El glaucoma es una de las enfermedades oculares de mayor prevalencia a escala mundial y se caracteriza por presión intraocular elevada, cambios en la papila y alteraciones en el campo visual. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con glaucoma crónico simple según variables epidemiológicas y clínicas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 96 pacientes con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto, quienes fueron atendidos en la consulta de oftalmología del Policlínico Docente Alberto Fernández Montes de Oca del municipio de San Luis, en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta julio del 2019. Resultados: En la serie prevalecieron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60 a 69 años y los pacientes de piel negra, además de la hipertensión arterial y ocular como factores de riesgo asociados. Por otra parte, la mayoría de los afectados presentaron agudeza visual entre 1,0-0,6, cifras de presión intraocular entre 16-21 mmHg y excavación papilar entre 0,6-0,7, con daños importantes en el campo visual. Conclusiones: Las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto resultaron útiles para establecer el pronóstico y trazar pautas terapéuticas efectivas, a fin de evitar la fase avanzada de la enfermedad y los daños irreversibles que se producen en el nervio óptico.

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the most prevalent eye diseases worldwide and is characterized by high intraocular pressure, changes in the papilla and visual field alterations. Objective: To characterize patients with chronic simple glaucoma according to epidemiologic and clinical variables. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 96 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma was carried out, who were assisted in the Ophthalmology Service of Alberto Fernández Montes de Oca Teaching Polyclinic of San Luis municipality, in Santiago de Cuba province, from January to July, 2019. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the male sex, the 60 to 69 age group, and dark-skinned patients, besides hypertension and ocular hypertension as associated risk factors. On the other hand, most of those affected presented visual acuteness between 1.0-0.6, intraocular pressure figures between 16-21 mmHg and papillary excavation between 0.6-0.7, with important damage in the visual field. Conclusions: The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were useful to establish the prognosis and trace effective therapeutic guidelines, in order to avoid the advanced phase of the disease and the irreversible damage that occurs in the optic nerve.

Demographic profile and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with acute ocular burns

Purpose: To study and compare the demographic and clinical profile of acute ocular burns (AOB) in children and adults. Methods: This retrospective case series included 271 children (338 eyes) and 1300 adults (1809 eyes) who presented to two tertiary eye care centers within one month of sustaining AOB. Data regarding demographics, causative agents, severity of injury, visual acuity (VA), and treatment were collected and analyzed. Results: Males were more commonly affected particularly among adults (81% versus 64%, P < 0.00001). Among children, 79% sustained domestic injuries, whereas 59% of adults had work?place injuries (P < 0.0001). Most cases were due to alkali (38%) and acids (22%). Edible lime (chuna, 32%), superglue (14%), and firecrackers (12%) in children, and chuna (7%), insecticides, lye, superglue (6% each), toilet cleaner (4%) and battery acid (3%) in adults, were the main causative agents. The percentage of cases with Dua grade IV?VI was greater in children (16% versus 9%; P = 0.0001). Amniotic membrane grafting and/or tarsorrhaphy were needed in 36% and 14% of affected eyes in children and adults, respectively (P < 0.00001). The median presenting VA was logMAR 0.5 in children and logMAR 0.3 in adults (P = 0.0001), which improved significantly with treatment in both groups (P < 0.0001), but the final VA in eyes with Dua grade IV?VI burns was poorer in children (logMAR 1.3 versus logMAR 0.8, P = 0.04). Conclusion: The findings clearly delineate the at?risk groups, causative agents, clinical severity, and treatment outcomes of AOB. Increased awareness and data?driven targeted preventive strategies are needed to reduce the avoidable ocular morbidity in AOB

Enfermedad de castleman multicéntrica y tuberculosis diseminada en paciente HIV positivo / Multicentric Castleman disease and tuberculosis in HIV positive patient

Resumen Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 40 años, HIV positivo con regular adherencia al tratamiento, que consultó por episodios febriles intermitentes de dos años de evolución, agregando en los últimos dos meses dolor abdominal difuso progresivo y adenomegalias ge neralizadas indoloras. En el laboratorio presentó panci topenia, coagulopatía, hipoalbuminemia y reactantes de fase aguda aumentados. La tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax, abdomen y pelvis únicamente evidenció hepato-esplenomegalia y adenomegalias generalizadas. Se realizaron múltiples exámenes microbiológicos, in cluyendo cultivos para Mycobacterium sp. de distintas muestras, todos con resultados negativos, a excepción de la RT-PCR para VHH-8. Se tomó biopsia escisional de ganglio iliaco izquierdo con hallazgos compatibles con enfermedad de Castleman. A pesar de reiniciar terapia antirretroviral, la sintomatología progresó, iniciando tratamiento con corticoides y ganciclovir. Luego de una semana, desarrolló falla mulitorgánica y anasarca, que contraindicaron los fármacos iniciados. Se realizó nueva TC de tórax que mostró infiltrados con patrón en árbol en brote en lóbulo superior derecho asociado a derra me pleural bilateral, y a nivel abdominal, progresión de hepato-esplenomegalia y ascitis. Pasó a unidad de cui dados intensivos 48 horas después por falla hepática ful minante. El paciente falleció en pocas horas. Se recibió postmortem el cultivo del aspirado traqueal positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis y la punción-biopsia hepática con granulomas no necrotizantes. Nuestro objetivo es remarcar la importancia de pesquisar tuberculosis activa en nuestro país frente a la sospecha de enfermedad de Castleman antes de iniciar tratamiento, y resaltar que la TBC también puede presentarse como complicación infecciosa elevando la morbimortalidad.

Abstract We present the case of a 40-year-old man, HIV posi tive with regular adherence to treatment, who consulted for intermittent febrile episodes during a two-years period, progressive diffuse abdominal pain and painless generalized lymphadenopathy in the last two months. Laboratory analysis showed pancytopenia, altered co agulation tests, hypoalbuminemia, and increased acute phase reactants. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed hepato-splenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. Multiple microbiological tests were performed, including cultures for Mycobacte rium sp. from different samples, with negative results, except for the RT-PCR for HHV-8. An excisional biopsy of the left iliac lymph node was taken with findings compatible with Castleman's disease. Despite restarting antiretroviral therapy, the symptoms progressed, starting treatment with steroids and ganciclovir. After a week, he developed multiple organ failure and anasarca, which contraindicated the drugs previously started. A new CT of the chest showed infiltrates with a tree-in-bud pattern in the right upper lobe with bilateral pleural effusion, and at the abdominal level, progression of hepatospleno megaly and ascites. He was transferred to the intensive care unit 48 hours later due to fulminant hepatic fail ure. The patient died within a few hours. Postmortem recieved culture results of the tracheal aspirate were positive for tuberculosis (TB) and the histopathology of the liver biopsy showed non-necrotizing granulomas. Our objective is to highlight the importance of screening for active TB, in our country, when Castleman's disease is suspected, before starting treatment, and to stand out that TB can also present as an infectious complication, increasing morbidity and mortality.

Surgical application of Ong speculum in simple limbal epithelial transplantation and pterygium surgery

Ong speculum is used in glaucoma surgeries such as trabeculectomy to expose the superior part of the globe. The large inferior blade pushes the inferior conjunctival fornix, due to which the eyeball rotates downwards. It has not been used in other anterior segment surgeries before. We used this speculum in simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) and pterygium surgery to expose superior bulbar conjunctiva for harvesting limbal and conjunctival grafts, respectively. As the superior conjunctiva and sclera become exposed, it facilitates the steps of harvesting limbal biopsy and conjunctival graft in SLET and pterygium surgery. This eliminated the need for a superior rectus suture or an assistant who would keep the globe rotated downwards. Its position could also be maneuvered to adjust the site of exposure when dissecting the area of pannus in SLET. Thus, it makes the superior conjunctiva more accessible.

ASPIRATION VERSUS SURGICAL DEROOFING TECHNIQUE IN MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY PSEUDOCYST OF PINNA: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY.

Introduction: Pseudocyst or seroma is an uncommon asymptomatic, non-in?ammatory swelling of the pinna, characterized by endochondral cyst formation. Pseudocyst commonly occur as a post trauma sequela. The objective of our study is to compare and analyse the outcomes of aspiration and window technique in treating auricular seroma. Randomized control study. This study comprised of 20 patients who presented with Study Design: Setting: auricular seroma to the Department of ENT, HSK Hospital, Bagalkot from August 2020 to December 2022. The Methods: diagnosis of the auricular pseudocyst was made clinically. Out of 20 patients, 10 patients were taken up for wide bore needle aspiration followed by contour pressure dressing, and 10 patients underwent the window procedure. Patients were followed up for a period of 6 months. In the 10 cases primarily taken up for needle aspiration, there was a recurrence in 8 out of the Results: 10 cases; while 2 patients showed successful outcome during the 6 months of follow-up. Of the 10 cases taken up primarily for the window procedure, no recurrences were noted as compared to aspiration group, which was statistically signi?cant (p=0.0003) Considering the rate of success and minimal complications encountered in our study, we would . Conclusion: advocate the use of deroo?ng technique for achieving better outcome in the management of pinna pseudocysts.

ASPIRATION VERSUS SURGICAL DEROOFING TECHNIQUE IN MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY PSEUDOCYST OF PINNA: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY.

Introduction: Pseudocyst or seroma is an uncommon asymptomatic, non-in?ammatory swelling of the pinna, characterized by endochondral cyst formation. Pseudocyst commonly occur as a post trauma sequela. The objective of our study is to compare and analyse the outcomes of aspiration and window technique in treating auricular seroma. Randomized control study. This study comprised of 20 patients who presented with Study Design: Setting: auricular seroma to the Department of ENT, HSK Hospital, Bagalkot from August 2020 to December 2022. The Methods: diagnosis of the auricular pseudocyst was made clinically. Out of 20 patients, 10 patients were taken up for wide bore needle aspiration followed by contour pressure dressing, and 10 patients underwent the window procedure. Patients were followed up for a period of 6 months. In the 10 cases primarily taken up for needle aspiration, there was a recurrence in 8 out of the Results: 10 cases; while 2 patients showed successful outcome during the 6 months of follow-up. Of the 10 cases taken up primarily for the window procedure, no recurrences were noted as compared to aspiration group, which was statistically signi?cant (p=0.0003) Considering the rate of success and minimal complications encountered in our study, we would . Conclusion: advocate the use of deroo?ng technique for achieving better outcome in the management of pinna pseudocysts.

National health surveys: overview of sampling techniques and data collected using complex designs / Encuestas nacionales de salud: descripción general de las técnicas de muestreo y los datos recopilados por diseños complejos / Inquéritos nacionais de saúde: visão geral sobre técnicas de amostragem e dados coletados por desenhos complexos

Abstract This article aimed to present an overview of national health surveys, sampling techniques, and components of statistical analysis of data collected using complex sampling designs. Briefly, surveys aimed at assessing the nutritional status of Brazilians and maternal and child health care were described. Surveys aimed at investigating access to and use of health services and funding, those aimed at surveillance of chronic noncommunicable diseases and associated behaviors, and those focused on risk practices regarding sexually transmitted infections were also addressed. Health surveys through social networks, including online networks, deserved specific attention in the study. The conclusion is that the development of health surveys in Brazil, in different areas and using different sampling methodologies, has contributed enormously to the advancement of knowledge and to the formulation of public policies aimed at the health and well-being of the Brazilian population.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar una descripción de las encuestas nacionales de salud, las técnicas de muestreo y los componentes del análisis estadístico de diseños de muestreo complejos. Brevemente, se describieron encuestas destinadas a evaluar el estado nutricional y la atención a la salud materno-infantil. También se abordaron las encuestas dirigidas a investigar el acceso y uso de los servicios de salud y el financiamiento, las dirigidas a la vigilancia de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y comportamientos asociados, y las enfocadas a las prácticas de riesgo para las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Las encuestas de salud a través de las redes sociales, incluidas las virtuales, merecieron atención específica en el estudio. Se concluye que el desarrollo de encuestas de salud en Brasil ha contribuido enormemente para el avance del conocimiento y para la formulación de políticas públicas dirigidas a la salud y el bienestar de la población brasileña.

Resumo O artigo teve por finalidade apresentar um panorama dos inquéritos nacionais de saúde, técnicas de amostragem e componentes da análise estatística de dados coletados por desenhos complexos de amostragem. Foram descritos, brevemente, os inquéritos dirigidos à avaliação do estado nutricional dos brasileiros e da atenção à saúde materno-infantil. Inquéritos voltados à investigação do acesso, utilização dos serviços e financiamento da saúde, aqueles dedicados à vigilância das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e comportamentos associados e os focados nas práticas de risco às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis foram também abordados. As pesquisas de saúde por redes sociais, incluindo as virtuais, mereceram atenção específica. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de inquéritos de saúde no Brasil, em diferentes áreas e por distintas metodologias de amostragem, contribuiu enormemente para o avanço do conhecimento e a formulação de políticas públicas dirigidas à saúde e bem-estar da população brasileira.

Survey on the Status of Descriptions regarding Reference Information for Dispensing and Medication Support in the Interview Form / 医薬品情報学

Objective: We examined the descriptions of reference information regarding the dispensing process in the interview form (IF). If there was no description, we determined the test data’s availability from the pharmaceutical company.Methods: The survey targeted 78 drugs that complied with the new description IF guidelines, for regular tablets and capsules launched from April 2018 to December 2021. The survey was conducted between March 13th and June 14th, 2022. We investigated the reference information regarding the stability of the medications during the crushing and simple suspension method during dispensing.Results: Regarding the data related to the stability of medications during the crushing process, ten drugs were described as having “data available,” 18 drugs were to be “inquired individually,” 31 drugs had “no applicable data,” and 14 drugs had “no items.” Regarding the status of descriptions on the simple suspension method, ten drugs were described as having “data available,” 18 drugs had data that was to be “inquired individually,” 32 drugs had “no applicable data,” and 14 drugs had “no items.” Regarding the 35 drugs for which both the stability during crushing and the simple suspension method were listed as either “no applicable data” or “no items,” we contacted the pharmaceutical companies to inquire about the test data for the stability during the crushing and simple suspension method. We found that four drugs had “data available” on the stability of medications during the crushing process, while six drugs had “data available” on the simple suspension method.Conclusion: Many IFs that complied with the new description guidelines had items for reference information regarding dispensing. However, the test data’s description was not sufficient. Furthermore, even if there is no description of reference information regarding dispensing in the IF, we confirmed that the pharmaceutical company owns the test data.

Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy for large volume benign prostate hyperplasia: a report of 30 cases / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic simple prostatectomy (LSP) in the treatment of large volume benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 【Methods】 Clinical and follow-up data of 30 patients with large volume BPH treated with LSP in our hospital during Feb.2019 and Dec.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent extraperitoneal LSP operation. The perioperative and 1-12 month postoperative follow-up data were analyzed. 【Results】 The average prostate volume was (92.4±38.9) mL, operation time (125±45) min, and weight of resected prostate (60.25±16.90) g. The hemoglobin decreased by (12.21±7.25) g/d after operation. No blood transfusion was needed. There was no need for bladder irrigation after operation in 21 cases (70%), and 9 cases (30%) had bladder irrigation time of (0.95±0.49) d. The postoperative catheter indwelling time was (6.92±2.51) d, and hospital stay (5.36±1.63) d. During the follow-up of (9.25±5.4) months, there was 1 case of postoperative intestinal obstruction (Clavien-Dindo grade II), 1 case of transient urinary incontinence (Clavien-Dindo grade I), and 1 case of delayed hematuria (Clavien-Dindo grade I). No urethral stricture occurred. The maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) 3 months after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 LSP is safe and effective in the treatment of large volume BPH. It has advantages of complete resection of glands, minor bleeding and short postoperative bladder irrigation time. However, it still needs to be confirmed by a prospective control study of large samples.

Clinical efficacy analysis of different interventional approaches for patent ductus arteriosus in children (≤7 years) / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the safety and effectiveness of different interventional approaches for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children. Methods    The children (≤7 years) who underwent interventional treatment for PDA from 2019 to 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the procedures: a conventional arteriovenous approach group, a simple venous approach group, and a retrograde femoral artery approach group. The clinical efficacy of the patients was compared. Results     A total of 220 patients were included. There were 78 males and 142 females, with an average age of 3.21±1.73 years, weight of 14.99±5.35 kg, and height of 96.19±15.77 cm. The average diameter of the PDA was 3.35±1.34 mm. A total of 85 patients received a conventional arteriovenous approach, 104 patients received a simple venous approach, and 31 patients received a retrograde femoral artery approach. The diameter of PDA in the retrograde femoral artery group was smaller than that in the other two groups (3.44±1.43 mm vs. 1.99±0.55 mm; 3.69±1.17 mm vs. 1.99±0.55 mm, P<0.001); the contrast medium usage [40 (30, 50) mL vs. 20 (20, 30) mL; 35 (25, 50) mL vs. 20 (20, 30) mL, P≤0.001] and operation time [32 (26, 44) min vs. 25 (23, 30) min; 29 (25, 38) min vs. 25 (23, 30) min, P<0.05] in the simple venous approach group were significantly less or shorter than those in the other two groups; the length of hospital stay of the conventional arteriovenous group was longer than that in the other two groups [3 (3, 5) d vs. 4 (3, 6) d; 4 (3, 5) d vs. 4 (3, 6) d, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications. Conclusion    It is safe and effective to close PDA through simple venous approach. The retrograde femoral artery approach has the advantage of simplifying the surgical procedure for PDA with small diameters.

Application of laparoscopic eversion fixation of cyst wall in the treatment of simple hepatic cys / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic eversion fixation of cyst wall in the treatment of simple hepatic cyst.Methods:The clinical data of 27 patients with simple hepatic cyst who underwent laparoscopic cyst eversion fixation in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 19 females, aged (60.6±9.0) years. Methods of operation, operation time, pathological results, incisional pain, peritonitis, bleeding or infection in the sac were analyzed. Recurrence was followed up by outpatient or telephone review.Results:Laparoscopic eversion fixation of cyst wall was successfully performed in all patients. Twelve cases (44.4%) were fixed in the falciform ligament, and 15 cases (55.6%) were fixed on the liver surface. The operative time was (119.3±44.3) min. The histopathologic results of the capsular wall were all fibrous connective tissue coated with endothelial cells, and no tumor cells were found. After the operation, 25 cases (92.6%) of light clear cyst fluid were not cultured for bacteriology, and 2 cases (7.4%) of turbid cyst fluid bacteriology culture was negative. There were 11 cases (40.7%) with right upper abdominal incision pain on the first day after surgery, and the pain disappeared after proper treatment without bile leakage, peritonitis, bleeding or infection. All patients were followed up for 18 to 36 months, with a median follow-up time of 24 months, and no cyst recurrence was reported.Conclusion:Laparoscopic eversion fixation of cyst wall is a good method for the treatment of simple hepatic cyst.

The efficacy of laparoscopic ovarian cyst aspiration in the treatment of neonatal simple ovarian cyst / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the efficacy of laparoscopic ovarian cyst aspiration in the treatment of neonatal simple ovarian cyst.Methods:From August 2019 to December 2021, infants with neonatal simple ovarian cyst receiving laparoscopic ovarian cyst aspiration in the Department of Pediatrics of Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital were retrospectively studied. The clinical characteristics, age of surgery, operation duration, length of hospital stay, complications and follow-up were analyzed.Results:A total of 6 full-term infants were included. Simple ovarian cysts were located on the right side of the body in 5 cases and on the left in 1 case. The average cyst diameter was (6.1±1.4) cm, the surgery were performed at 2~5 d of age, the average duration of the surgery was (18.8±2.4) min and the average hospital stay was (5.3±1.0) d. No complications occurred before or after surgery. All the 6 infants had favorable growth and development. The ovarian cysts were all enlarged again in 1 month after surgery, then gradually shrunk at 3 to 6 months after surgery and completely resolved in 2 cases.Conclusions:Neonatal simple ovarian cysts are more common on the right side of the body and laparoscopic ovarian cyst aspiration has good and safe clinical efficacy.

Efficacy and safety of SIMPLE regimen in treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of SIMPLE regimen in the treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL).Methods:The clinical data of 11 patients with ENKTCL who were admitted to the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2012 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients received 4-6 courses of SIMPLE (cisplatin, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, etoposide, dexamethasone, and pegasparaginase) regimen chemotherapy, and stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients who also received local radiotherapy after 2 or 3 courses of chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated for mid-treatment and end-of-treatment outcomes, and the adverse effects of patients were evaluated in each treatment cycle. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the 11 patients.Results:All 11 patients were nasal type, with the median age of 41 years old (26-67 years old), including 5 males and 6 females, 3 relapsed cases and 8 newly treated cases. Of the 10 patients evaluated for efficacy, 9 achieved complete remission and 1 achieved at least partial remission (efficacy was assessed based on follow-up). All 11 patients were followed up for a median time of 50 months (15-72 months) and 2 relapsed patients died due to disease progression. The expected 5-year PFS rate and OS rate of 11 patients were both 90.0%, and the expected 5-year OS rate was 100.0% and 66.6% in newly treated and relapsed patients, respectively. Common adverse effects were hematologic adverse reactions, infections, gastrointestinal symptoms, elevated transaminases, and hypofibrinogenemia, all of which were curable. There is no treatment-related death.Conclusions:The SIMPLE regimen for the treatment of ENKTCL has a high remission rate, the patients have long survival time, and the regimen is moderately well tolerated.