The role and regulatory mechanism of tissue and organ crosstalk on skeletal muscle development: a review / 生物工程学报

Skeletal muscle is one of the most important organs in animal, and the regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle development is of great importance for the diagnosis of muscle-related diseases and the improvement of meat quality of livestock. The regulation of skeletal muscle development is a complex process, which is regulated by a large number of muscle secretory factors and signaling pathways. In addition, in order to maintain steady-state and maximum use of energy metabolism in the body, the body coordinates multiple tissues and organs to form the complex and sophisticated metabolic regulation network, which plays an important role for the regulation of skeletal muscle development. With the development of omics technologies, the underlying mechanism of tissue and organ communication has been deeply studied. This paper reviews the effects of crosstalk among adipose tissue, nerve tissue and intestinal tissue on skeletal muscle development, with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for targeted regulation of skeletal muscle development.

Paired Box Gene Family: The Taxonomic Structure Distribution and Function / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Paired box transcription factors (paired box, PAX) and their homologues found in a large number of vertebrates and invertebrates play a key role in many stages of embryonic development. The gene family gets its name because of its conserved paired domain, in addition to its octapeptide and homologous domain. According to the composition of the domain and sequence homology, the gene family is mainly divided into four subfamilies: PAX1 / 9 (PAX1, PAX9), PAX2 / 5 / 8 (PAX2, PAX5, PAX8), PAX3 / 7 (PAX3, PAX7), PAX4 / 6 (PAX4, PAX6). Each subfamily has different characteristic structures, such as PD-OP of PAX1 / 9 subfamily, PD-OP-PTHD of PAX2 / 5 / 8 subfamily, PD-OP-PTHD of PAX3 / 7 subfamily and PD and PTHD of PAX4 / 6 subfamily. Among them, the three members of the PAX family, PAX2 PAX4 and PAX6, play an important role in multiple stages of pancreatic development and differentiation, and also play a key role in regulating the synthesis and secretion of islet hormone. Understanding the original and differentiated roles of these transcription factors in pancreas will help finding potential treatment for diabetes. Furthermore, PAX1 / 9 families may serve as potential biomarkers for evaluation of tumor development and progression, such as the methylation levels of PAX1 and expression of PAX9 in tumor. PAX3 / 7 was transcription factors involved in the development of skeletal muscle. This paper reviewed the special and temporal expression of PAX genes in a wide variety of tumor and the function and structural abnormalities PAX gene were summarized in this paper.