Core stability training applying the sling exercise therapy pattern can significantly improve the balance of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the impact of core stability training in the sling exercise therapy pattern on the balance of stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors were randomly divided into a control group ( n=30) and an experimental group ( n=30). In addition to routine rehabilitation training, the control group received traditional core stability training, while the experimental group underwent core stability training applying the sling exercise therapy pattern. Before and after 4 weeks of training, the standing balance of both groups was evaluated using the Prokin balance trainer, with the length and area of motion recorded when performing the balance test with the eyes open and closed. Surface electromyography was used to record the average EMG (AEMG) values of the bilateral erector spinae and multifidus muscles during the balance testing. Results:After the 4 weeks of training the length and the area of progression of the center of the pressure were both significantly smaller for both groups than before the training with the eyes both open and closed. The average length and area in the experimental group were significantly less than among the controls. The AEMG values recorded during the balance tests were significantly higher than those before the intervention for both groups, with the multifidus muscle averages on the affected side significantly greater in the experimental group than among the controls when performing the balance test with the eyes closed.Conclusion:Core stability training in the sling exercise therapy pattern is superior to conventional core stability training because it can better improve the balance of stroke survivors.

Effect of sling exercise therapy combined with Tuina on nerve conduction of upper extremities after radicular cervical spondylosis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect sling exercise therapy (SET) and Tuina on radicular cervical spondylosis. Methods From August, 2015 to December, 2016, 72 patients with radicular cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into control group (n = 36) and trial group (n = 36), who accepted traction and SET+Tuina, respectively, for four weeks. They were measured F-wave conduction velocity with electromyogram from median nerve and ulnar nerve, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and current perception threshold (CPT) before and after treatment. The clinical ratio of improvement was calculated. Results The ratio of improvement was 83.33% in the trial group more than 58.33% in the control group (Z = 2.093, P < 0.05). F-wave conduction velocity increased in both groups after treatment (t > 12.059, P < 0.001), and increased more in the trial group than in the control group (t > 3.266, P < 0.01); while the latency of SEP decreased in N9 and N13 in both groups (t > 7.061, P < 0.001), and decreased more in the trial group than in the control group (t > 8.033, P < 0.001); the grade of CPT decreased in both groups (t > 8.895, P < 0.001), and decreased more in the trial group than in the control group (t = 8.913, P < 0.001). Conclusion The combination of SET and Tuina can promote the repair of nerve conduction of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

Long-term Effect of Sling-massage Exercise on Cervical Spondylopathy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of sling-massage exercise on neck type cervical spondylopathy (NTCS). Methods:From June, 2020 to February, 2021, 68 patients with NTCS from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control group (n = 34) and observation group (n = 34). The control group accepted routine massage, while the observation group accepted sling exercise and massage based on weak link test, for four weeks. They were assessed with McGill Pain Qusetionnaire (MPQ) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) before and after treatment, and measured median frequency (MF) of the upper trapezius muscle on the affected side with electromyography biofeedback before treatment, after treatment, two weeks after treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Results:Four cases in the control group and three cases in the observation group dropped down. The scores of MPQ and NDI decreased in both groups after treatment (|Z| > 4.879, P < 0.001), while MF increased (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in scores of MPQ and NDI between the two groups after treatment (|Z| < 1.100, P > 0.05), while MF was less in the control group than in the observation group (t = 2.184, P < 0.05). MF decreased more in the control group than in the observation group, and was continually less in the control group than in the observation group after treatment (t > 3.770, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Sling-massage exercise is as effective as massage on NTCS immediately, and for more time.

Effects of Pelvic Floor Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Sling Exercise Training on Diastasis Recti Abdominis after Parturition / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of pelvic floor neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and sling exercise training (SET) on diastasis recti abdominis after parturition. Methods:From September to December, 2019, 90 patients with rectus abdominis separation > 2 cm and pelvic floor muscle strength above grade III were randomly divided into three groups, accepting simple pelvic floor NMES (group A), pelvic floor NMES and SET (group B), and simple SET (group C), respectively, for four weeks. The separation distance of rectus abdominis was measured before treatment, two weeks and four weeks after treatment, and four weeks follow-up. Results:The separation distance of rectus abdominis decreased in each group after treatment (F > 8.327, P < 0.01); and it was the least in group B (F > 8.327, P < 0.01), while the multiple comparison results showed that there was no significant difference between group A and group C (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Both pelvic floor NMES and SET can similarly relieve the diastasis recti abdominis after parturition, and it is more effective in combination.

Treating nonspecific low back pain by SET sling exercise therapy combined with tropical herb-Rattan Moxibustion liquid external rubbing therapy

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of tropical Eucommia ulmoides compound-Rattan Moxibustion liquid external rubbing therapy which is from medicine of Li Nationality in Hainan combined with SET sling exercise therapy technique and lumbar-abdominal muscle training program on treating nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) as well as its influence on serum 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-endorphin levels. Methods: From June 2016 to June 2018, 42 NLBP patients were admitted to the outpatient and ward of Rehabilitation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, who were randomly divided into control group (n=21) and experimental group (n=21). On the basis of traditional massage manipulation, the control group adopts lumbar and abdominal muscles training, while Rattan Moxibustion liquid external rubbing therapy combined with SET sling exercise therapy was used in the experimental group. The treatment was given once every other day, three times a week and 20 min each time for 8 weeks. Then ODI index and VAS scale of low back pain, as well as serum 5-HT and beta-EP levels were observed and detected. Results: The improvement in low back pain index ODI index of the experimental group were better than that of the control group (control group from 21.23±1.57 to 4.78±0.86 while experiment group from 21.27±1.36 to 2.75±0.64 after 8 weeks' treatment)(P<0.05). VAS scale decreased significantly in the experiment group compared with control group (control group from 6.62±1.51 to 2.71±0.92 while experiment group from 6.71±1.55 to 1.83±0.79 after 8 weeks' treatment)(P<0.05). Serum 5-HT in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group [control group from (70.15±20.64) ng/mL to (127.34±40.59) ng/mL while experiment group from (68.72±19.18) ng/mL to (142.65±38.72) ng/mL after treatment](P<0.05) and beta-EP level ameliorates compared with control group [control group from (180.63±51.87) pg/mL to (225.76±57.63) pg/mL while experiment group from (172.39±50.72) pg/mL to (251.26±62.89) pg/mL after treatment](P<0.05). Conclusions: Tropical herb-Rattan Moxibustion liquid external rubbing therapy combined with SET sling exercise therapy technology shows significant effects on NLBP. The mechanism may be related to the improved serum 5-HT and beta-EP levels.

Effects of Sling Exercise Therapy Combined with Kinesio Taping on Balance and Walking for Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of sling exercise therapy combined with Kinesio Taping on the balance and walking for stroke patients. Methods:From October, 2017 to August, 2018, 66 patients after stroke were randomly divided into routine group (n = 22), sling group (n = 22) and combined group (n = 22). All the groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the sling group accepted sling exercise therapy based on routine group and the combined group accepted sling exercise therapy and Kinesio Taping. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), and their gait parameters were measured with Motion Analysis, before and four weeks after treatment. Results:There were obvious improvements in the BBS score, FMA-LE score and gait parameters in all the groups after treatment (P < 0.05), and it was ranked from better to worse as the combined group, the sling group and the routine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Sling exercise therapy combined with Kinesio Taping may further improve balance and walking for stroke patients.

Effects of Sling Exercise Therapy Combined with Kinesio Taping on Balance and Walking for Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of sling exercise therapy combined with Kinesio Taping on the balance and walking for stroke patients. Methods:From October, 2017 to August, 2018, 66 patients after stroke were randomly divided into routine group (n = 22), sling group (n = 22) and combined group (n = 22). All the groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the sling group accepted sling exercise therapy based on routine group and the combined group accepted sling exercise therapy and Kinesio Taping. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), and their gait parameters were measured with Motion Analysis, before and four weeks after treatment. Results:There were obvious improvements in the BBS score, FMA-LE score and gait parameters in all the groups after treatment (P < 0.05), and it was ranked from better to worse as the combined group, the sling group and the routine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Sling exercise therapy combined with Kinesio Taping may further improve balance and walking for stroke patients.

Effect of Sling Exercise Therapy on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy on chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods:From February, 2017 to February, 2018, 84 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 42 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with the combination of the sling exercise therapy and acupuncture, and the control group only received acupuncture. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before treatment, one month after treatment and at three-month follow-up. Results:Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of VAS and ODI between two groups (t < 1.638, P > 0.05). One month after treatment and at three-month follow-up, the scores of VAS and ODI decreased in both groups (P < 0.01). Compared with one month after treatment, the scores of VAS and ODI increased in the control group at three-month follow-up (t > 2.219, P < 0.05), however, no difference was found in the observation group (t < 1.738, P > 0.05). One month after treatment, the scores of VAS and ODI were lower in the observation group than in the control group (t > 3.535, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Sling exercise therapy combined with acupuncture is superior to simple acupuncture in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain, and the curative effect is persistent.

Effects of Sling Exercise Therapy on Muscle Strength of Pelvic Floor for Patients with Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effects of sling exercise therapy on muscle strength of pelvic floor in patients with postpartum stress urinary incontinence. Methods:From February, 2018 to February, 2019, 90 patients diagnosed as postpartum stress urinary incontinence 42 days after delivery were randomly divided into control group (n = 45) and observation group (n = 45). The control group received Kegel training, and the observation group received sling exercise therapy, for a month. The electromyogram of pelvic floor was measured before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated at the end of the treatment. Results:The electromyogram of pelvic floor increased in both groups after treatment (t > 3.879, P < 0.01), and increased more in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The rate of improvement was 93.33% in the observation group, which was more than 75.56% in the control group (χ2 = 13.83, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Sling exercise therapy can more effectively improve the muscle strength of pelvic floor for patients with postpartum stress urinary incontinence, and relieve the symptoms of overfall.

Change of Pain, Lumbar Sagittal Alignment and Multifidus after Sling Exercise Therapy for Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of sling exercise therapy on vertebral alignment, VAS, muscle activity, and multifidus of patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS: Simple random sampling was used to divide the patients (n=116) into the sling exercise therapy group (SETG) and conservative physical therapy group (CPTG), with each group provided a intervention program in 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar intervertebral disc angle (LIVDA) for vertebral alignment, lumbar muscle activity, and multifidus atrophy were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: SETG showed significant changes in LLA, LIVDA of rate of change (delta score), and in relieving pain. The right-left balance gap for the lumbar dynamic muscle activity decreased after the intervention. The SETG showed significant changes in the grade of lumbar multifidus atrophy. CONCLUSION: The sling exercise therapy program is an effective exercise therapy method on vertebral alignment, muscle activity, recovery from multifidus atrophy, and pain relief for patients with chronic low back pain.

Effects of Sling Exercise Therapy on Postpartum Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the clinical effect of sling exercise on postpartum low back pain (PLBP). Methods From February, 2017 to February, 2018, 66 PLBP patients were randomly divided into control group (n = 33) and observation group (n = 33). The control group received routine rehabilitation physiotherapy and American chiropractic, and the observation group was supplemented with sling exercise therapy additionally. They were evaluated with Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the thickness of transversus abdominis before and six weeks after treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of NRS, ODI and the thickness of transversus abdominis between two groups (P > 0.05). Six weeks after treatment, the scores of NRS and ODI significantly decreased (t > 14.579, P < 0.001), and the transversus abdominis thickness significantly improved (t > 15.855, P < 0.001) in both groups. All the above indexes were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (t > 4.818, P < 0.001). Conclusions ling exercise therapy, combined with American chiropractic treatment and routine rehabilitation physiotherapy, can further relieve pain in patients with PLBP, and improve the function and the quality of life.

Advance in Sling Exercise Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Sling exercise therapy, as a new treatment technique of rehabilitation, is widely applied in clinic. This article elaborated its mechanism, and introduced its application in improving walking function, balance function, upper limb motor function and activity of daily living of stroke patients.

Effect of Sling Exercise on Muscle Activity and Pain in Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effects of sling exercise on muscle activity and pain in patients with rotator cuff repair. METHODS: This research evaluated 20 rotator cuff repair patients, divided randomly between 10 controls and 10 in an experimental group who performed a sling exercise. Both the experimental and control groups underwent transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and performed continuous passive motion. Muscle activity was measured with a surface electromyograph and pain was measured with the visual analogue scale. The paired t-test was used to compare groups before and after the experiment. The independent t-test was conducted to assess differences in the degree of change between the two groups before and after the experiment. RESULTS: Within-group comparison of both the experimental and control group showed significant differences in muscle activity and pain. Comparison of the groups revealed significant differences in muscle activity between groups group, but not in pain. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that sling exercise is effective for improving muscle activity of rotator cuff repair patients.

Sling Exercise for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain:A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To systematically review the clinical efficacy of sling exercise therapy(SET)on patients with chronic non-specif-ic low back pain (CNLBP). Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) about SET for CNLBP were electronically searched in CNKI, VIP,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,The Cochrane Library and Embase from June,2007 to June,2017.After literatures screening, data extraction,quality evaluation and risk assessment,the results of meta-analysis were conducted by RevMan 5.3 software.Results Final-ly, 15 RCTs involving 789 patients were included. SET was better in improving Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score (MD=-1.15, 95% CI[-1.41,-0.90],Z=8.82,P<0.00001)and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index(ODI)score(MD=-1.29,95%CI[-1.80,-0.78],Z=4.94, P<0.00001) than physical therapy, and was better than other exercise therapies in improving the VAS score (MD=-0.94, 95% CI[-1.52,-0.37],Z=3.21,P=0.001)and ODI score(MD=-5.96,95%CI[-9.41,-2.51],Z=3.38,P=0.0007).However,no significant dif-ference was found in improving the NPRS score between SET and other exercise therapies(MD=0.35,95%CI[-0.23,0.93],Z=1.19,P=0.23),nor in improving VAS score between SET and traditional Chinese medical therapies(MD=-5.29,95%CI[-20.27,9.70],Z=0.69,P=0.49).Conclusion SET may play a role in relieving pain and functional limitations in patients with CNLBP.Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies,larger scale and high quality RCTs are needed to verify the aforementioned conclusion.

Treating Cervical Vertigo of Elderly Patients through Sling Exercise Combined with Drug / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of sling exercise therapy(S-E-T)combined with drug treatment for cervical vertigo in elderly patients.Methods Forty-nine elderly patients with cervical vertigo admitted to our hospital between January 2011 and July 2014 were randomly divided into an observation group(n=27)and a control group(n=22).The observation group was given 80 mg Ginaton(Extract of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Tablets)produced by German Dr.Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co.KG three times a day,combined with S-E-T,including cervical stability and stretching training for 40min,focusing on the neck global muscle and local stabilize muscle rehabilitation,once every other day.The control group was provided with the same drug treatment.During the 6-month intervention,both groups were given health education by the same therapist.Both groups were assessed using the neck disability index(NDI),visual analogue scale(VAS)and evaluation scale for cervical vertigo(ESCV) before and after the intervention,as well as at the last follow-up visit.Before the treatment and at the last follow-up visit,the cervical X-ray examination and trigger point check were also conducted for both groups.Results All the forty-nine patients were followed up for 4.83 to 6.70 months,with an average of(6.01 ± 0.49)months.Significant improvement was observed in the average ESCV score for both groups after the treatment.Compared with before the treatment,there was significant improvement in the average NDI and VAS right after the treatment and at the last follow-up visit in the observation group,but only at the last follow-up visit in the control group.From the cervical X-ray,no significant differences were found in the vertebral osteophyte formation,facet joints and uncovertebral joint degeneration between the 2 groups(P＞0.05),while significant differences were observed in the number of the neck trigger points(P＜0.05).Conclusion The sling exercise therapy combined with drug treatment can significantly improve cervical function,relieve pain and vertigo symptoms in elderly patients with cervical vertigo.The effect is better than drug treatment alone.

Effect of Sling Exercise Therapy Combined with Acupuncture at Jiaji Acupoints on Balance in Stroke Patient with Hemiplegia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy combined with acupuncture at Jiaji acupoints on balance function of stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods From October, 2013 to October, 2015, 40 hemiplegic stroke patients with balance dysfunction were randomized to control group and treatment group equally. Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the treatment group com-bined with sling exercise therapy and acupuncture at Jiaji acupoints. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10-metre maxi-mum walking speed (10MWS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower limbs (FMA-L) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and four weeks after treatment. Results The scores of BBS, FMA-L and MBI, and 10MWS improved in both groups (t>2.249, P2.954, P<0.01). Conclusion Sling exercise therapy combined with acupuncture at Jiaji acupoints can further improve the function of balance, walking and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

The effect of sling exercise therapy on the balance and walking ability of persons with incomplete paraplegia / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of sling exercise therapy (SET) for improving the balance and walking ability of patients with incomplete paraplegia.Methods The 37 patients were randomly divided into two groups:19 patients in the observation group and 18 cases in the control group.Both groups were given conventional rehabilitation training,including bridge training on the mat,kneeling position training,sit-stand training and orthosis walking training.The observation group was additionally provided with sling exercise therapy with multi-point,muhi axis sling suspension supine,prone with a neutral lumbar spine,supine with pelvic elevation and in a lateral position like an arch.Before the treatment and 6 weeks after the treatment,trunk control tests (TCTs) were administered.The Berg balance scale (BBS) and Holden's walking function classification were used to assess the subjects' balance and walking ability.Results There were no significant differences in the two groups' average TCT and BBS scores before the treatment.After 6 weeks of treatment the average scores of both groups had increased significantly,with a significantly bigger increase observed in the observation group.After the treatment,the average Holden classification of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group.Conclusion SET in addition to conventional rehabilitation training can significantly improve the balance and walking ability of patients with incomplete paraplegia.It is worthy of application in clinical practice.

Effects of Kinesio Taping Combining with Sling Exercise on Motor Function for Children with Spastic Hemiplegia / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To observe the effect of Kinesio taping combining with sling exercise therapy (SET) on the motor function for children with spastic hemiplegia. Methods From October, 2014 to April, 2016, 60 children with spastic hemiplegia of cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control group (n=20), SET group (n=20) and observation group (n=20), who accepted routine rehabilitation, routine rehabilitation+SET and routine rehabilitation+SET+Kinesio taping, respectively. They were assessed with Mallet Score, modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-fine motor (PDMS-2FM) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-C zone before and three months after treatment. Results The Mallet Score and the scores of PDMS-2FM and GMFM-C improved in all the groups after treatment (t>2.074, P<0.05), and improved the most in the observation group (F>10.032, P<0.001). The score of MAS decreased in the observation group after treatment (t=4.767, P<0.001), and was the least among these groups (F=4.262, P<0.05). Conclusion Kinesio taping combining with SET can improve the motion in the children with spastic hemiplegia, and promote the development of both fine and gross motor function.

Effect of Sling Exercise Therapy on Rehabilitation after Total Knee Arthroplasty / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy (SET) on rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty. Methods 46 patients after knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The control group received continuous passive motion (CPM) training, while the experimental group received SET. They were evaluated with range of motion (ROM) of the knee, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) and posture control ability before, 15 days and 3 months after operation. Results 15 days after operation, the maximal passive knee flexion was 6.0° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.9°~11.2°; P<0.01), and the maximal active knee flexion was 5.7° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.4°~9.1°; P<0.01); however, there was no significant difference in the maximal active knee extension, the maximal passive knee extension, HSS and posture control ability between 2 groups (P>0.05). 3 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all the items between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with CPM, SET might be more effective on increasing knee ROM in the short-term, and could be used as an effective intervention for patients after knee arthroplasty at the early stage.

Change of Surface Electromyographic Signal during Lumbar Flexion-extension after Sling Exercise Therapy in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the changes of surface electromyographic signal during lumbar flexion-extension after sling exercise therapy (SET) in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods 30 patients with CNLBP received SET, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The surface electromyographic signals of erector spinae and multifidus of both sides were collected, when they were in erect position, flexion motion, maximum voluntary flexion, and back to erect position, before and after intervention. The average electromyogram (AEMG) was analyzed, and the flexion-relaxion ratio (FRR) was compared. Results The FRRs of both erector spinae and multifidus were lower in the painful side than in the healthy side before intervention (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the FRRs of both erector spinae and multifidus between 2 sides after intervention. Conclusion SET may improve the active motion function of the erector spinae and multifidus of the painful side and recovery of flexion-relaxation phenomenon.