Effective medicinal ingredients and screening of excellent germplasm in Rubus chingii / 中国中药杂志

In order to provide rationale for selection of good germplasm in Rubus chingii, main effective medicinal ingredients of green fruit such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, astragalin and tiliroside were measured using UPLC for the samples collected from Chun'an county of Zhejiang province, and such parameters as soluble solid contents of ripe fruit of some samples were also measured to study variation among individuals and correlation. It has been found that there were differences among individuals in the contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, astragalin and tiliroside, which ranged from 0.010 2%-0.027 4%, 0.089 5%-0.291 1%, 0.010 5%-0.114 8%, 0.005 8%-0.041 2% and 0.010 9%-0.086 3%, respectively, with a CV of 18.60%, 27.02%, 44.23%, 44.17% and 47.29%, respectively. Gallic acid was positively correlated with ellagic acid, but negatively with kaempferol-3-rutinoside and astragalin significantly. Significantly positive correlation existed between kaempferol-3-rutinoside, astragalin and linden glycoside as well as between ellagic acid and fruit shape index of ripe fruit and between linden glycoside and the content of soluble solids. 51.35% of the individuals had a content of soluble solids more than 15%. Therefore, abundant variations have been found among individuals in effective medicinal ingredients in R. chingii, which shows great potential for selection, but only do 7.61% of the individuals meet the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia in terms of the contents of effective medicinal ingredients. Therefore, selection could be first performed in terms of fruit shape index of ripe red fruit, followed by the contents of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-rutinoside measured. The individuals, in which the contents of effective medicinal ingredients don't meet the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia, could be considered for the selection in terms of edible fresh fruit.

Processing of Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato Extract and Effect of Storage Conditions on Some Physicochemical Properties of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato-based Drink Extract

The present study aims to find out the suitable storage condition of Orange-Fleshed Sweet potato (OFSP) beverage that will effectively retain the nutrient. Availability of OFSP may not necessarily translate tothe bioavailability of the vitamin if the vitamin source is not optimally processed and utilized. Information about the processing and utilization of conventional white and pinkish-fleshed sweet potato, There is a paucity of information on the appropriateprocessing methods of OFSP and possible storage condition of such beverage. The drinks were analyzed for Total soluble solid (TSS), pH and Viscosity on the zero-day before storage. The total soluble solids (Brix) of the drink was measured with a digital refractometer (DR-122 Code No: 44-905, London). Based on the results of this study OFSP drink may be utilized and best consumed when freshly produced if there is a need to store at ambient (27ºC) conditions, it should not exceed 48hrs. If OFSP drink is stored under refrigerated (4-8ºC) condition, it should not exceed 7days to retain its nutritive and sensory attributes

Sugars levels of four sugarcane genotypes in different stem portions during the maturation phase

ABSTRACT Maturation is a characteristic of sugarcane plant (Saccharum spp.) and even when grown under the same soil and climate conditions the varieties differ on the maturation curve. Thus, studies that allow establishing maturation curves of different sugarcane genotypes in the local soil and climate may indicate the proper harvesting period to ensure better quality of the raw material. This study aimed to analyze the levels of soluble sugars during the maturation phase and assess the technological and productivity indexes of four irrigated sugarcane genotypes in the region of Rio Largo, Alagoas. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a 4 x 2 x 5 factorial: four genotypes (RB92579, RB98710, RB99395 and RB961003), two stem portions (internodes 1-4 and internodes 5-8) and five seasons (82, 49, 25, 13 and 3 days before harvesting), each treatment with three replications. Internodes 1-4 showed the highest levels of reducing sugars, while the largest accumulation of sucrose and total soluble solids occurred in internodes 5-8. RB99395 genotype showed more stability in the sugar levels during sugarcane maturation, which can indicate early maturation and high agricultural yield.

Assessment of Influence of Origin Variability on Robustness of Near Infrared Models for Soluble Solid Content of Apples / 分析化学

In order to improve the precision and robustness in determination of soluble solids content ( SSC) of ‘Fuji ’ apple by NIR spectroscopy and eliminate the effect of origin variability on the accuracy of NIR calibration models for the SSC, sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distances ( SPXY) was used to select representative subset from the apple samples of 4 different origins. As a comparison, partial least square ( PLS) was used to establish local origin and hybrid origin models for the prediction of SSC in apple. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling ( CARS ) and successive projections algorithm ( SPA ) were implemented to select effective variables of the NIR spectroscopy of SSC of apple. The results indicated that the PLS model established based on the 4 origin apple samples performed better than local origin and other hybrid origin models. The model could be effectively simplified using 16 characteristic variables selected by CARS-SPA method from full-spectrum which had 3112 wavelengths. The correlation coefficient (Rp) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0. 978 and 0. 441 oBrix, respectively for SSC. It was found that the model developed by more samples of different origins combined with effective wavelengths showed good prediction ability for apple sample of unknown origin, which indicated that it could significantly reduce the origin effect on the robustness of NIR models for SSC of apple.

Rapid determination of total flavonoids, total saponins, and soluble solid content in Fufang Ejiao Syrup by NIRS / 中草药

Objective: To develop an expeditious method for the simultaneous determination of main active compounds in Fufang Ejiao Syrup (FES, compound Ejiao oral liquid) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in transflective mode. Methods: The contents of total flavonoids and total saponins were determined by colorimetric assays, while the soluble solid content was determined using a moisture analyzer as reference value. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed for the calibration of regression models between NIRS and the indexes. Results: The correlation coefficients (R2) of the constructed models for total flavonoids, total saponins, and soluble solid content were 0.9798, 0.9660, and 0.9978, respectively, and the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 69.6, 17.6 μg/mL, and 0.394%, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method is fast and accurate, and facilitating the rapid analysis of main active components in FES.