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Objective:To investigate the current status and problems of the development of dental technology specialty in higher vocational colleges in China, and to provide a reference for the establishment of national standards for vocational education on dental technology and the development of high-quality higher vocational education.Methods:We selected 54 higher vocational colleges in eastern, central, and western China offering dental technology programs by stratified random sampling to survey the specialty development situation using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance, or chi-square test with the use of SPSS 18.0. Results:Among the surveyed colleges, the average annual enrollment scale in recent three years was 6 415 students, with the largest enrollment in western regions, accounting for 47.39%. In terms of teaching faculty, there were differences in educational attainment, professional title structure, vocational qualification, and professional background between different regions ( P<0.05). Regarding training conditions, only 26.42% and 3.77% of colleges were equipped with virtual simulation training rooms and dental materials training rooms, respectively; and 18.52% and 22.22% of colleges were equipped with chairside repair systems and virtual simulation software, respectively. Conclusions:Regional imbalances exist in the development of dental technology specialty in higher vocational colleges in China. The overall level of teaching staff, practical training conditions, and curriculum construction need to be improved.
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Stroke is a major public health problem in China and the world. Health management can reduce morbidity, disability rate, recurrence rate, mortality and burden of stroke patients effectively.And it can also improve the quality of life of stroke patients effectively. Although the research on stroke health management in China started later than that in foreign countries, a series of research achievements have been obtained in recent years. Therefore, this article reviews the research status of stroke health management in China, and put forward reflections and suggestions for future research and clinical practice. This literature review can provide reference for stroke health management in China.
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Based on an overreview of Chinese radiological health standards, the Chinese radiological health standards currently in effect for biodosimetry were analyzed with respect to their current status, application and existing problems. Furthermore the improvement measures and development trends were put forward.
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Objective: To investigate the humanistic care consciousness and ability of outpatient and emergency nurses in tertiary Grade A hospitals in Zhengzhou City. Methods: In June 2021, a total of 345 outpatient and emergency nurses from 6 tertiary Grade A hospitals in Zhengzhou City were selected as the survey objects by random number table method. The humanistic care ability of outpatient and emergency nurses was investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors influencing the humanistic care ability of outpatient and emergency nurses. Results: The total score of humanistic care ability of outpatient and emergency nurses in Zhengzhou tertiary Grade A hospital was (194.18±30.53). The scores of humanistic care ability of outpatient and emergency nurses with different gender, age, educational background, professional title, length of service, night shift frequency, marital status, children's status, employment patterns and average monthly household income were significantly different (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that education background, length of service, professional title and night shift frequency were independent influencing factors for outpatient and emergency nurses' humanistic care ability (β=0.243, 0.139, 0.163, -0.126, P<0.05) . Conclusion: At present, the humanistic care ability of outpatient and emergency nurses in tertiary Grade A hospitals in Zhengzhou City is still low. Education, length of service, professional title and night shift frequency are independent influencing factors affecting the humanistic care ability of nurses.
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Criança , Humanos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Hospitais , Emprego , Inquéritos e Questionários , Enfermeiras e EnfermeirosRESUMO
Objective To investigate the operation status and service level of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province, China, and to provide a basis for administrative departments and quality management departments to develop policies. Methods The investigation data of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province were collected for descriptive analysis of the regional distribution, nature, and service qualification of the institutions. Results There were 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province. These institutions were located in 11 cities, of which 85.18% were public institutions and 14.72% were private institutions. For the physical examination workload of radiation workers in Zhejiang Province in 2021, general hospitals accounted for 75.90%, private institutions accounted for 4.51%, and occupational prevention and treatment hospitals accounted for 19.59%. In the radiation occupational health inspection institutions, the stand-alone and online software installation rates were 33.33% and 37.04%, respectively. A total of 26 986 individuals (82.97%) underwent chromosome aberration examination. The examination rates of thyroid color Doppler ultrasound examination and eye lens examination were 41.24% and 82.97%, respectively. Pre-job, on-job, and off-job physical examination accounted for 25.81%, 70.52%, and 3.67%, respectively. For radiation workers who underwent on-job physical examination, diagnostic radiology workers accounted for the highest proportion of 34.90%. The excellent, qualified, and unqualified rates of 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions were 7.41%, 88.89%, and 3.70%, respectively. Conclusion The network of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province is well-established and located mainly in general hospitals, occupational prevention and control institutions, and private institutions. To enhance the quality and proficiency of occupational health examinations, it is imperative to prioritize self-improvement and management, reinforce law enforcement supervision, actively engage in blind sample assessments, and advance the application of information technology and standardized services.
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Art therapy plays an important role in enhancing the emotional expression of patients, treating mental and psychological diseases, and promoting the recovery of cancer patients.Due to its extensive meaning and various intervention measures, strengthening the guidance and monitoring of art therapy are important in improving the medical quality of related fields.Clinical practice guidelines are important tools to guide and standardize medical behavior, and also are important guarantees for the implementation effect of medical behavior.Therefore, this article will summarize the current situation of art therapy guidelines, and on this basis, reflect on the formulation and implementation of relevant guidelines and recommendations.
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@#Abstract: Objective To follow up and evaluate the stability testing status of γ stereotactic radiotherapy system (hereinafter γ knife WS 582-2017 Specifications for Testing of Quality Control in X and γ referred to ) in medical institutions based on the RayStereotactic Radiotherapy System WS 582-2017 Methods (hereinafter referred to ). A total of 43 medical institutions using γ knife and 54 medical physics personnel were recruited as the research subjects by random sampling method. Based on the - - standard tracking evaluation method, we followed up the evaluation of γ knife stability testing based on WS 582 2017. Results - Only 66.7% of the 54 subjects preformed WS 582 2017 in their daily work. Only 30.2% (all were tertiary hospital) of 43 medical institutions were equipped with complete quality control and testing equipment. The implementation rate of γ knife stability test was 67.4%, and it was not carried out in strict accordance with the test events and test cycle requirements - specified in the WS 582 2017. There were incomplete test events, incomplete records or test cycles that did not meet the Conclusion standard requirements in γ knife stability test. Medical institutions did not carry out γ knife stability tests in strict - accordance with the projects and cycle required by the WS 582 2017. The reasons are related to medical institutions are not equipped with complete testing equipment, the personnel are lack of understanding of relevant national standards, the poor publicity and implementation of the standards, the lack of standardized training channels and inadequate health supervision.
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Objective:To analyze the characteristics of adverse events of active medical devices in Shandong province, as well as the impact of device use duration on the risk rate of adverse events, for reference in improving the monitoring system of active medical device adverse events in China and the level of hospital medical quality management.Methods:The data came from the adverse event reporting data of active medical devices collected by Shandong Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from January 2019 to October 2021. The R software was used to analyze the distribution, cause and severity of adverse events, and a linear regression model of adverse event risk rate(Y) and adverse event time point(X) was established.Results:A total of 35 254 adverse events of active devices were included, of which 3 059 were serious injuries. The province/municipality with the largest number of reported adverse events was Shanghai(8 006 cases), and the least was Hainan province(4 cases); The majority of adverse events were reported by hospitals, with 34 056(96.60%). The medical devices reporting a higher number of adverse events were ventilators(688 cases), monitors(4 623 cases), infusion pumps(1 079 cases), syringe infusion pumps(1 995 cases), medical electron accelerators(529 cases)and infant incubators(513 cases). In the linear regression model, the risk rate of adverse events increased with the useduration of the device when 0.00%≤ X<14.14%; the risk rate of adverse events decreased with the increase of service time when 14.14%≤ X<100.00%. Conclusions:The number of adverse events reported in each province is different, and hospitals are the main reporting units.The causes of adverse events of different medical devices indicate different correlation strengths with the product itself. The use duration of medical devices poses a great impact on the risk rate of adverse events.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the survival status of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years receiving antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019, and to provide evidence for further improvement of antiviral therapy. Methods Basic information and follow-up information of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years who first received HIV/AIDS antiviral therapy in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 were collected. Excel database was established and SPSS23.0 software was used for analysis. Retrospective cohort study was conducted. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing survival time. Results A total of 1 183 subjects were included, of which 172 died, including 84(48.84%) from other causes, 74(43.02%) AIDS-related death and 14 (8.14%) from accidents, suicides and undetermined deaths. Setting AIDS-related deaths as an outcome event, life table analysis showed that the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 years after receiving ART were 96.61%, 93.59%, 90.35%, 87.57% and 83.44%, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that the risk of death in patients aged 60-<70 years group and over 70 age group was 2.53 times (95%CI: 1.51-4.23) and 3.59 times (95%CI: 1.74-7.40) for patients aged the 50-<60 group , respectively. The risk of death in patients with baseline CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4) counts of ≥200/mm3, 50-<200 /mm3 was 0.22 times (95%CI: 0.12-0.41) and 0.37 times (95%CI: 0.21-0.67) for patients with CD4+T lymphocyte counts of <50/mm3. The risk of death in patients with opportunistic infections at baseline was 1.99 times (95%CI: 1.16-3.39) for patients without baseline opportunistic infections. Conclusions The survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 who received antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 was relatively high. To further improve the quality of antiviral treatment in our province, the strategy of "early detection and early treatment" should be continued and improved in the future, and information collection of specific causes of non-AIDS-related deaths among this population should be further strengthened.
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Objective:To master the quality control status of high-risk medical equipment of medical institutions in Zhejiang province, and to put forward improvement measures to promote the quality control level of high-risk medical equipment.Methods:All the tertiary public hospitals, second-class public hospitals and private hospitals in Zhejiang were investigated. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the quantity, quality control methods and quality control specifications of high-risk medical equipment used by the medical institutions. Excel was used for data collation and descriptive statistical analysis of the questionnaire.Results:The quality control methods of high-risk medical equipment in 96 medical institutions in Zhejiang had different tendencies. The tertiary public hospitals tended to conduct quality control on their own, and the second-class public hospitals and private hospitals tended to choose third-party testing institutions for quality control. In addition, there were irregularities in quality control of some medical institutions. 16% of the quality control equipment in self-control mode was not traceable, and 2% of the third-party testing organizations had no relevant qualifications.Conclusions:Medical institutions in Zhejiang generally have a strong awareness of quality control of high-risk medical equipment. But there are some unsolved problems remained in quality control. In the future, we should continue to improve the quality control level of high-risk medical equipment based on medical measurement, as well as to focus on the improvement of the technical ability of medical equipment management departments, the traceability of quality inspection equipment, and the supervision and spot check of third-party testing institutions.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and distribution characteristics of newly-reported occupational diseases from 2006 to 2018 in Changsha City. METHODS: The data of newly-reported occupational diseases from 2006 to 2018 in Changsha City were collected using retrospective analytic method. The distribution of disease type, region, and enterprise industry, size and economic type of the cases was descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: There were 676 cases of newly-reported occupational diseases, involving 35 types in 8 categories from 2006 to 2018 in Changsha City. Newly-reported occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases accounted for the greatest number(56.2%) of total cases, followed by occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases(31.4%) and occupational chemical poisoning(9.3%). Occupational silicosis(79.2%) and coal worker′s pneumoconiosis(9.2%) were the main occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases, and occupational noise-induced deafness was the main occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral disease(96.2%).The top three regions were Yuelu District of Changsha City, Ningxiang City and Liuyang City. The top three enterprises industry were manufacturing industry(40.1%), public administration, social security and social organizations(31.7%) and mining industry(22.8%). The main enterprise size was small enterprises(57.1%) and medium-sized enterprises(30.6%), and the main enterprise economic type was state-owned economy(68.8%) and private economy(26.0%). CONCLUSION: The main newly-reported occupational diseases in Changsha City are occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational noise-induced deafness. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health supervision and management in manufacturing, mining and other key industries as well as small and medium-sized enterprises.
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In China, the current effective special standards on radiological protection for non-uranium mines include GBZ 139-2019 Radiological Protection Requirements for the Production Places of Rare Earths, GBZ/T 233-2010 Radiological Protection Standards for the Workplaces of Tin Mine, and GBZ/T 256-2014 Radiological Protection Requirements for Radon Exposure in the Non-Uranium Mining. The above-mentioned special standards are applicable to all types of non-uranium mines except coal mines, and basically cover all aspects related to the practice of occupational exposure protection principles, such as responsibilities, workplace protection requirements, occupational exposure dose control, protective facilities and equipment, occupational exposure monitoring and evaluation, occupational health surveillance, and personnel training et al. However, there are differences in aspects such as workplace classification, individual dose monitoring and occupational health surveillance. According to the requirements of Chinese basic safety standard GB 18871-2002 Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources and international standards on occupational exposure protection, the hierarchical management in the workplace, occupational health management and radiological protection training of miners should be further improved, to provide suggestions and references for the formulation and revision of relevant standards for the prevention and control of occupational radiological diseases of non-uranium mine employees in China.
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Objective:To summarize the status and trends of papers published by Chinese scholars on the combination teaching model in the area of medical education in China.Methods:Literature retrieval was performed on CNKI, WanFang, and VIP database, and studies regarding to combination teaching model in medical education were selected and analyzed. BICOMS-2 analysis software was used to extract and sort out keywords, provinces, authors and their organizations and generate co-occurrence matrix and/or word matrix. NetDraw and gCLUTO software were used to draw the network relationship diagram and cluster analysis respectively.Results:Totally 99 articles were included this study, and the number of articles published each year showed an increasing trend. Authors from 15 provinces contributed to these articles, with uneven development and limited cooperation across regions. The authors were divided into 4 main groups, but the communication among these groups was not enough. And there were 3 main research topics.Conclusion:The number of articles on combination teaching model in medical education in China is increasing, covering many authors, teams, institutions and regions. However, the communication and cooperation among these authors and institutions needs to be strengthened; and the research topics should be expanded.
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Objective To understand the situation of radiological diagnosis and treatment of health examination institutions in our city, and standardize the behavior of radiological diagnosis and treatment of health examination institutions. Methods According to the requirements of the circular issued by Beijing Institute of health and family planning on carrying out special supervision and inspection of radiation diagnosis and treatment in health examinaion institutions in 2019, on-site investigation and on-site interviews were conducted. Results The investigation on the health examination institution shows that the radiation hygiene management work of Beijing health examination institution is generally good, and the holding rate of radiological diagnosis and treatment permit is 100%. The radiological diagnosis and treatment of health examination institutions is mainly based on X ray photograph. A total of 215 institutions were configured with 822 radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment, including 138 CT machines and 20 physical examination vehicles, respectively. X ray radiography equipment in health examination institutions accounted for 93% of total application frequency, and CT accounted for 7%. The annual radiodiagnosis frequency of the 215 health examination institutions was about 5 million. The penal institutions accounted for a relatively low proportion, only 2.8%. Among them, 6 were warned, 2 fined, 6 issued penalties and 3 required to rectify. Conclusion The radiation hygiene management work of Beijing health examination institutions is generally good. There are still some problems in the rational application of CT machines and the configuration of protective equipment.
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Introducción: La preparación y superación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral constituye un imperativo para dar respuesta al perfeccionamiento de los procesos docentes educativos en la Atención Primaria, donde el Análisis de la Situación de Salud emerge como herramienta científica metodológica, que permite conocer los problemas de salud de las poblaciones y trazar acciones en función de resolverlos. Objetivo: Diseñar un curso de posgrado para enseñar los componentes metodológicos que se deben tener en cuenta durante la confección del análisis de la situación de salud. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, educativa, entre los meses de mayo y julio de 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos en función de la revisión bibliográfica y documental; se realizó análisis, síntesis y contrastación de criterios a partir de los materiales revisados y los criterios de los autores; y se estimaron aportes de especialistas en Medicina General Integral de acuerdo con el criterio de expertos. Resultados: Se diseñó un curso dirigido a especialistas en Medicina General Integral, integrado por cuatro temas, con un enfoque activo y participativo, a través de diferentes formas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, donde el trabajo grupal estimuló una actitud reflexiva y crítica en los profesionales de la salud. Conclusiones: El curso contribuyó a la superación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral sobre los aspectos metodológicos para la confección del Análisis de la Situación de Salud, lo que les proporcionó un mejor desempeño en la confección de este, y en función de la formación de los recursos humanos en ciencias médicas(AU)
Introduction: The training and professional development of Comprehensive General Medicine specialists is an imperative for the improvement of teaching-learning processes in primary health care, where the Health Status Analysis report is a scientific methodological tool useful to gain insight into the health problems of the population and to devise the actions required to solve them. Objective: Design a course dealing with the methodological aspects involved in developing the Health Status Analysis report. Methods: A development educational study was conducted from May to July 2019. Bibliographic and document review was based on theoretical and empirical methods. Criterion analysis, synthesis and comparison was performed of the materials reviewed and the author's opinions. Contributions by Comprehensive General Medicine specialists were looked into in keeping with expert criteria. Results: A course was designed which is intended for Comprehensive General Medicine specialists. The course covers four topics, and has an active, participative approach. A variety of teaching-learning modes are used, in which team work fosters the development of a reflexive, critical attitude among health professionals. Conclusions: The course contributed to the professional development of Comprehensive General Medicine specialists in the area of the methodological aspects to be complied with when developing the Health Status Analysis report. This resulted in better performance in the task and improved training of medical sciences human resources(AU)
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Humanos , Competência Profissional , Diagnóstico da Situação de Saúde , Educação de Pós-Graduação , Cursos de Capacitação , Especialização , Medicina Geral/educaçãoRESUMO
Flower medicinal materials usually refer to Chinese medicinal materials with a complete flower,inflorescence,or part of a flower as the different medicinal parts,they have an important share in the Chinese herbal medicine market and appeared frequently in Chinese medicine prescriptions. Firstly,the species and regional distribution of the flower medicinal materials resources in China were briefly summarized. Secondly,the characteristics,yield,producing area and origin distribution of the main flower medicinal materials in Henan province were discussed. Finally,the present situation and the main problems of the flower medicinal materials industry in Henan province were comprehensively analyzed,and the corresponding industrial development countermeasures were put forward.This research was intended to provide decision-making demonstration and scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of resources,breeding of new varieties,planting division,production layout and the healthy and sustainable development of the flower medicinal materials industry in Henan province.
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China , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Flores , Química , Indústrias , Plantas Medicinais , PesquisaRESUMO
Objective To investigate the implementation of disease prevention and control services at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing for providing evidences to explore and build a scientific evaluation model of disease control service in medical institutions. Methods June to September 2018, through a questionnaire survey of 50 tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing, a descriptive analysis was made on the department setting, personnel allocation and service provision status of disease prevention and control at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing. Results Among the 44 investigated public tertiary general hospitals, 26 ( 59.1% ) medical institutions have set up departments of disease prevention and control. The average staffing of 44 hospitals was 5.8 persons for the department. Professional composition of the staff was mostly nursing and clinical disciplines, and the academic and professional titles were mostly undergraduate and intermediate degrees respectively. Overall performance of disease prevention and control services in public tertiary general hospitals was satisfactory. The work was well carried out in communicable disease control and death-surveillance management, namely in immunoprophylaxis, chronic noncommunicable diseases and injury monitoring, which varies widely in mental health services, occupational health management, environmental and health monitoring and other functions. Conclusions Professional ability and management level of personnel still need to be improved. We should further clarify the joint prevention and control mechanism of the " Three-in-one" nature of disease control institutions, medical institutions and communities, promote the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and explore the classification and grading evaluation of disease control work based on the types and quantity requirements of disease prevention and control services undertaken by hospitals, so as to effectively improve the level of disease control services in hospitals.
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Objective@#To investigate the implementation of disease prevention and control services at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing for providing evidences to explore and build a scientific evaluation model of disease control service in medical institutions.@*Methods@#June to September 2018, through a questionnaire survey of 50 tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing, a descriptive analysis was made on the department setting, personnel allocation and service provision status of disease prevention and control at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing.@*Results@#Among the 44 investigated public tertiary general hospitals, 26(59.1%) medical institutions have set up departments of disease prevention and control. The average staffing of 44 hospitals was 5.8 persons for the department. Professional composition of the staff was mostly nursing and clinical disciplines, and the academic and professional titles were mostly undergraduate and intermediate degrees respectively. Overall performance of disease prevention and control services in public tertiary general hospitals was satisfactory. The work was well carried out in communicable disease control and death-surveillance management, namely in immunoprophylaxis, chronic noncommunicable diseases and injury monitoring, which varies widely in mental health services, occupational health management, environmental and health monitoring and other functions.@*Conclusions@#Professional ability and management level of personnel still need to be improved. We should further clarify the joint prevention and control mechanism of the " Three-in-one" nature of disease control institutions, medical institutions and communities, promote the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and explore the classification and grading evaluation of disease control work based on the types and quantity requirements of disease prevention and control services undertaken by hospitals, so as to effectively improve the level of disease control services in hospitals.
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Great achievements have been made in higher medical education in Chongqing, China. Among the western provinces and cities, Chongqing has relatively high quantity and quality indicators of medical education institutions . Within the whole country , Chongqing has a medium level of the key indicators of medical education, and there is still a gap between Chongqing and the economically developed provinces such as Zhejiang and Guangdong. Among the four centrally administered municipalities, Beijing and Shanghai have rich medical education resources, and there is a large gap between Chongqing and Beijing/Shanghai in the level of medical education, the number of academicians, and the number of hospitals included in the top hundred hospitals in China . Recently , Chongqing University started to establish a medical school, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences started to construct an affiliated hospital named Chongqing Hospital in cooperation with Chongqing Municipal Health Planning Commission, which provided valuable opportunities for the development of higher medical education in Chongqing. Chongqing should increase the investment in basic research and development of medical science and technology, seize the strategic opportunity of"Internet+medicine", and gather the talents in medical science and technology, so as to promote the integration and development of military-civilian medical education and improve the level of higher medical education.
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Objective Through analyzing the scientific research performance of recruited doctors in Nanjing Drum Tower hospital,we can understand its current situation and problems,and then provide reasonable suggestions to promote the recruited doctors' scientific research capacity.Methods Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the projects application and outputs in scientific research.Results The proportion of recruited doctors who received National Natural Science Fund Youth Project has been increasing every year (the average growth rate is 16.46 %).Many recruited doctors gained projects in the first year after admission(25.33%),but still 40.14% of these doctors did not gained any project.Each recruited doctor published 1.58 SCI papers on average (19.33%).Conclusions We should innovate the training system,optimize the construction of scientific research platform,establish hospital science project,and implement scientific evaluation system to mobilize these youth talents comprehensively.