Comparison of Volatile Components in Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from Guangdong Province Before and After Being Steamed by GC-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare volatile components in raw products and steamed products of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. Method:Volatile oil in different batch of raw products and steamed products of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was extracted by steam distillation, and volatile components were identified by GC-MS.The determination was performed with injector temperature of 280℃, high pure helium(≥ 99.999%) as carrier gas, split ratio of 10:1, and sample size of 3 μL with temperature programming.Mass spectrum conditions included electron bombardment ion source, electron bombardment energy of 70 eV, ion source temperature of 230℃, acceleration voltage of 34.6 V, resolution of 2 500, scanning range of m/z 40-350.Peak matching, cutting and noise filtering were used in analyzing data based on GC-MS combined with orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). Result:A total of 58 components were separated and identified from the different batches of raw Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus and their processed products, and 27 differential chemical components were identified by multivariate statistical analysis, among them, 15 common differential components presented different changing laws.The relative contents of α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, β-linalool, L-4-terpinenol, α-terpineol, nerol, β-cyclocitral, geraniol and α-citral in raw products were higher than that of their corresponding processed products.The relative contents of β-caryophyllene, cis-α-bergamotene, γ-muurolene, γ-elemene and β-bisabolene in processed products were higher than that of their corresponding raw products. Conclusion:The content and composition of volatile components in Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from Guangdong province have changed after being steamed.The results can provide experimental basis for expounding the processing principle and quality evaluation of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, and have positive significance for promoting the research and development of this Lingnan characteristic decoction pieces.

Effects of Different Processes on Contents of Three Alkaloid Ingredients in Coridalis Rhizoma / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the effects of different processes on the contents of three alkaloid ingredients in Coridalis Rhizoma.Methods The contents of three alkaloid ingredients (protopine, dehydrocorydaline, tetrahydropalmatine) were determined by HPLC. Agilent HC-C18(2) column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm) was set at 35℃; acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (triethylamine adjusted pH 5.3) (26:74) was set as mobile phase; the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength was set at 280 nm; the injection volume was 10μL. The three components were separated well under these chromatographic conditions. The linear relationship between the mass of each component and the peak area was good (r2≥0.9996). The average recoveries were 100.31%, 99.34%, and 99.34%, respectively (RSD≤2.70%).Results The contents of protopine, dehydrocorydaline, tetrahydropalmatine and the total contents of three alkaloids were higher than other groups in large size samples (diameter of fresh products was 2.0–3.0 cm) which were boiled 5–6 minutes, the medium size samples (diameter of fresh products was 1.5–1.9 cm) which were boiled 2–4 minutes and the small size samples (diameter of fresh products was 0.7–1.4 cm) which were boiled 1–2 minutes. The contents of alkaloid in boiled process were lower than steamed process.Conclusion The Results of study provide an experimental basis for origin processing of Coridalis Rhizoma.

Toxicity of red Liriope platyphylla manufactured by steaming process on liver and kidney organs of ICR mice / 한국실험동물학회지

Red Liriope platyphylla (RLP) produced by steaming process has been reported to enhance the secretion of insulin and nerve growth factor (NGF). However, there has been no report on the toxicity of RLP in the specific organs of mice. To investigate the toxic effect of RLP, we tried to observe a significant alteration on body weight, food/water intake, organ weight, liver pathology and kidney pathology in female ICR mice received 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg body weight/day of RLP via gavage for 10 days. Out of seven organs including brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and ovary, two organs (heart and lung) showed significantly decreased weights in the medium dosage RLP-treated group, whereas weights of other organs were maintained at constant levels in all dosage groups. In the liver toxicity analysis, no significant increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST) were detected in any RLP-treated group compared to vehicle-treated group. The specific pathological changes induced by most of toxic compounds were not observed in the liver in microscopic examination. Furthermore, in the kidney toxicological analysis, a significant enhancement of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was detected in the high dosage RLP-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group. However, the serum creatinine (CA) concentration on the serum biochemistry as well as the pathological changes in microscopic examination were not significantly different between the vehicle- and RLP-treated groups. Therefore, these results suggest that RLP does not induce any specific toxicity in liver or kidney tissues of mice, although the BUN level slightly increased in 50.0 mg/kg of RLP-treated group.

Effects of Steaming Time and Frequency for Manufactured Red Liriope platyphylla on the Insulin Secretion Ability and Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway / 한국실험동물학회지

In oriental medicine, Liriope platyphylla (LP) has long been regarded as a curative herb useful for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, and neurodegenerative disorders. The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of steaming time and frequency for manufactured Red LP (RLP) on insulin secretion ability and insulin receptor signaling pathway. To achieve our goal, several types of LPs manufactured under different conditions were applied to INS cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ICR mice, after which alterations in insulin concentrations were detected in the culture supernatants and sera. The optimal concentration for the investigation of insulin secretion ability was found to be 50 ug/mL of LP. At this concentration, maximum insulin secretion was observed in the INS cells treated with LP extract steamed for 3 h (3-SLP) with two repeated steps (3 h steaming and 24 h air-dried) carried out 9 times (9-SALP); no significant changes in viability were detected in any of the treated cells. Additionally, the expression and phosphorylation levels of most components in the insulin receptor signaling pathway were increased significantly in the majority of cells treated with steaming-processed LP as compared to the cells treated with LP prepared without steaming. With regard to glucose transporter (GLUT) expression, alterations of steaming time induced similar responses on the expression levels of GLUT-2 and GLUT-3. However, differences in steaming frequency were also shown to induce dose-dependent responses in the expression level of GLUT-2 only; no significant differences in GLUT-3 expression were detected under these conditions. Furthermore, these responses observed in vitro were similarly detected in STZ-induced diabetic mice. 24-SLP and 9-SALP treatment applied for 14 days induced the down-regulation of glucose concentration and upregulation of insulin concentration. Therefore, these results indicated that the steaming processed LP may contribute to the relief of diabetes symptoms and should be regarded as an excellent candidate for a diabetes treatment.