Steroid and triterpenoid saponins from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla / 中国天然药物

Five new saponins, including three steroid saponins, paristenoids A-C (1-3), and two triterpenoid saponins, paristenoids D-E (4-5), along with four known ones (6-9) were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified mainly by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR, MS, as well as chemical methods. Compound 3 is a new cyclocholestanol-type steroidal saponin with a rare 6/6/6/5/5 fused-rings cholestanol skeleton, and this skeleton has been first found from the genus Paris. The cytotoxicities of the isolated compounds against three human three glioma cell lines (U87MG, U251MG and SHG44) were evaluated, and compound 7 displayed certain inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 15.22 ± 1.73, 18.87 ± 1.81 and 17.64 ± 1.69 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Rapid identification of the chemical compounds in the leaves of Solanum nigrum L. based on UHPLC-Q Exactive MS and molecular network technology / 药学学报

The whole herb of Solanum nigrum L. can be used as the herbal drug. In this study, UHPLC-Q Exactive high resolution mass combined with GNPS molecular network was used for the rapid characterization of the components in the leaves of S. nigrum L. A total of 157 compounds were identified, including 30 steroid alkaloids, 61 steroid saponins, 35 flavonoids, and 31 other compounds (amino acids and organic acids), by comparison with the data reported in the literature, and mass fragmentation characteristics analysis, as well as the correlation of known and unknown nodes in the GNPS molecular network. Compared with the fruits and stems, the leaves of S. nigrum L was rich in a variety of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, and flavonoids, and the results lay the foundation for the precise resources utilization of S. nigrum L.

Differences in Active Ingredients of Steroid Saponins in Rhizomes of 9 Kinds of Paris / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the differences and correlations of active ingredients and principal ingredients of steroid saponins in rhizomes of 9 kinds of Paris. Method::The differences and correlations of active ingredients and principal ingredients of steroid saponins in rhizomes of 9 kinds of Paris. were qualitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Result::PolyphyllinⅠ, polyphyllin Ⅱ, polyphyllin Ⅵ, and polyphyllin Ⅶ, the quality control indexes of medicinal materials in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) were detected in rhizomes of 8 species, namely P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. delavayi, P. mairei, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis(kuoban), P. veitnamensis, P. axialis, P. thibetica, and P. polyphylla var. polyphylla, polyphyllin Ⅴ was also detected in the study. There were significant differences in active ingredients of polyphyllin Ⅲ (Dioscin), polyphyllin H and gracillin. Meanwhile, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (S1), P. delavayi (S2), P. mairei (S3), P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (kuoban) (S4), P. veitnamensis (S5), P. axialis (S6) and P. polyphylla var. polyphylla (S9) could be classified into one category according to the principal component analysis (PCA) model of the LC-MS data under the positive ion mode of Paris. P. thibetica (S7) and P. forrestii (S8) were clustered as two separate categories, with a longest range from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensi. Conclusion::There are little differences in active ingredients and the principal ingredients of steroid saponins in rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. delavayi, P. mairei, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. veitnamensis, P. axialis and P. polyphylla var. polyphylla. However, further research is required to determine whether these could substitute P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. as an alternative medicine.

Research progress in Ypsilandra thibetica, a substitute plant of Paris polyphylla / 中草药

The plants in genus Ypsilandra Franch (Liliaceae) have similar chemical constituents and pharmacological activities with Paris L., the major active ingredients of them are steroidal saponins, and their pharmacological effects include antibacterial, antitumor, and hemostasis. Therefore, Ypsilandra thibetica could replace Paris L. to some extent and alleviate its crisis. In this paper, the research progress of the current studies of Y. thibetica is summarized. It may provide the reference for the further studies of this plant.

Research progress in chemical constituents in plants of Paris L. and their pharmacological effects / 中草药

The genus Paris L. (Family Liliaceae) concerns 24 species all over the world, and 19 species are native to China especially in the southwest of China. Steroid saponins, flavonoid, triterpenes, and fatty acids are the major bioactive components in the plants of Paris L. Moden pharmacological researches demonstrate that the plants in this genus have many biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, hemostatic, anthelmintic effect, etc. In this paper, the systematic classification, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of plants in Paris L. have been summarized. It may provide the reference for the further studies of this genus.