Huge Bilateral Breast Hamartoma Accompanied with Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia

A 34-year-old woman presented with sudden breast enlargement that had occurred within 6 months. She also had an accessory breast mass on the left axilla. Clinical impression was phyllodes tumor. Needle biopsy revealed fibroepithelial tumor, a mixture of fibrous stroma and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. The final pathologic report was hamartoma associated with focal pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia and macromastia. This is the first reported case of bilateral breast hamartoma with hamartoma in ectopic breast tissue. The masses on the right and left breasts weighed 1,980 g and 1,233 g, respectively, while the mass on the left axilla weighed 36 g.

Bilateral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia in a human immunodeficiency viral-infected patient.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm of the breast demonstrating stromal myofi broblastic proliferation and having the appearance of anastomosing slit-like pseudovascular spaces lined by spindle-shaped cells. A case of nodular PASH of the bilateral breasts in a 40-year-old woman with clinically presenting with a progressive enlarged breast lump is reported. Mammographic and ultrasonographic features of the right and left breasts showed a large solid lump with well-circumscribed border measuring 4 cm  1.7 cm  3.4 cm and 13.8 cm  10.9 cm  12.1 cm, respectively. Wide excision of the right breast and quadrantectomy of the left breast were performed. The histopathological examination of the lesion showed anastomosing slit-like pseudovascular spaces. The stromal cells were immunoreactive for muscle actin (HHF35), smooth muscle actin, and progesterone receptor. Clinical and pathological fi ndings with briefl y reviewed relevant literatures are discussed. This is the fi rst clinicopathological and radiological report of bilateral mammary nodular PASH in a human immunodefi ciency viral-infected patient.

Treatment of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast: Implant-Based Reconstruction with a Vascularized Dermal Sling

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a benign mesenchymal lesion with incidental histologic findings. Surgical excision is recommended as the treatment of choice for PASH, although the recurrence rates after excision range from 15% to 22%. A 46-year-old-female presented with a six-month history of bilateral breast enlargement and painful sensation mimicking inflammatory carcinoma. Imaging studies demonstrated innumerable enhancing nodules in both breasts. Due to the growth of the lesions and progressive clinical symptoms, bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy was performed. Grossly, the specimens were round and well-circumscribed, and the histologic examination revealed PASH. After mastectomy, we created a pocket with the pectoralis major muscle and a lower skin flap, which was deepithelized. Anatomical mammary implants were inserted, and the nipple areolar complex was transferred to a new position as a free graft. The aesthetic result was satisfactory after twelve months of follow-up.

Hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa nodular gigante de la mama / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (pash) of the breast

La hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) es una lesión proliferativa benigna de la mama, poco frecuente, caracterizada por la existencia de lagos pseudovasculares embebidos en una gran proliferación del estroma mamario. Probablemente, el desarrollo de la PASH tenga una influencia hormonal, por lo que típicamente se diagnostica en mujeres en edad fértil. La PASH es un hallazgo histopatológico casual en las piezas quirúrgicas y biopsias mamarias realizadas por otra patología. La presentación clínica en forma de masa palpable es poco frecuente. El principal diagnóstico diferencial debe realizarse con el angiosarcoma de bajo grado. El tratamiento de la PASH nodular es una correcta exéresis quirúrgica asegurando borde sano amplio. El pronóstico es excelente, con un mínimo riesgo de recidiva si se realiza una adecuada cirugía. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 37 años que acude a consulta por un nódulo mamario de crecimiento rápido.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a rare benign proliferative mesenchymal lesion characterized by the presence of open slit like spaces embedded in a hyalinized fibrous stroma. The development of PASH is probably subject to hormonal influence so it typically affects women in the reproductive age group. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is frequently an incidental histologic finding in breast surgeries or biopsies performed for other injuries. In rare cases, it presents as a localized breast mass. The most important differential diagnosis is low-grade angiosarcoma. Tumorous PASH is treated by local surgical excision with clear margins. The prognosis is excellent, with minimal risk of recurrence after adequate surgery. The presented case was a 37-years-old woman who was admitted with a rapidly growing breast tumor.

Hamartoma e hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa de la mama, diagnósticos diferenciales infrecuentes de cáncer de mama / Hamartoma and nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: differential diagnosis

Introducción: Los hamartomas y la hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa nodular (PASH) son entidades infrecuentes en la patología tumoral mamaria, sin embargo, pueden simular al cáncer de mama. La única herramienta certera preoperatoria es la biopsia. El tratamiento quirúrgico es curativo con bajo índice de recurrencia. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer un caso de hamartoma mamario con PASH asociado cuya presentación inicial fue sugerente de probable patología maligna. Caso Clínico: Mujer de 44 años, ingresa a controles por probable patología mamaria maligna, la mamografía fue informada como BIRADS 0, la ecografía mamaria como BIRADS US: 5, la biopsia CORE informó PASH. Se realizó mastectomía parcial objetivando en la biopsia diferida un hamartoma mamario con extensa hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa. Discusión: Los hamartomas y la PASH son patologías sin presentación clínica específica, los hallazgos radiológicos del hamartoma pueden ser patognomónicos, no así en la PASH; en el caso expuesto el estudio anatomopatológico demostró una asociación de estas patologías, la cual se describe desde un 16 por ciento a un 71 por ciento de los casos de hamartoma mamario. El análisis de toda la pieza quirúrgica es fundamental para establecer un diagnóstico definitivo.

Introduction: Hamartoma and nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) are inusual breast tumor entities, however, can simulate breast cancer. The only accurate tool is preoperative biopsy. Surgical treatment is curative with low recurrence rate. Objective: To present a case of mammary hamartoma associated with PASH whose initial presentation was suggestive of probable malignancy. Case Report: Woman, 44 years old, admitted to controls because of probable malignant breast disease, mammography was reported as BIRADS 0, breast ultrasound as BIRADS U.S: 5, CORE biopsy reported PASH. Partial mastectomy was performed. On delayed biopsy mammary hamartoma with extensive stromal hyperplasia pseudoangiomatosa was diagnosed. Discussion: PASH and hamartomas are diseases with no specific clinical presentation, radiological findings may be pathognomonic of hamartoma, while not in PASH. In the reported case the pathological study showed an association of these conditions, described in a 16% to 71% breast hamartoma cases. The analysis of the entire surgical specimen is essential for a definitive diagnosis.

Reconstrução mamária imediata após ressecção de hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa em adolescente de 13 anos / Immediate breast reconstruction after resection of pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia in a 13-year-old teenager

A hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa é uma patologia mamária benigna, caracterizada pelaproliferação anormal do estroma mamário. Foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1986 e poucoscasos foram publicados desde então. Foi apresentado o caso de uma adolescente de 13 anos comum tumor que acometia todos os quadrantes mamários, sem linfonodomegalias. A ressonânciamagnética mamária visualizou nódulo oval, com margem lisa, categorizada como BI-RADS® 3.Foi realizada core biópsia, e os exames histopatológico e imunoistoquímico mostraram tratar-sede hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de hiperplasiaestromal pseudoangiomatosa tratado por mastectomia simples e reconstrução imediatacom expansor. O exame anatomopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de hiperplasia estromalpseudoangiomatosa. A troca do expansor pelo implante mamário definitivo ocorreu após 12 mesesda mastectomia, assim como a confecção do complexo areolopapilar. A paciente encontra-seviva e sem evidência de doença após 18 meses do diagnóstico.

Pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia is benign breast pathology, characterized by abnormal proliferationof the mammary stroma. It was first described in 1986, and very few cases have so far beenreviewed in the literature. We described the case of a 13-years-old teenager with a tumor extendingto all quadrants, none lymph node was observed. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed an oval mass,smooth, categorized as BI-RADS® 3. She underwent to a core biopsy. The histopathologic and immunohistochemicalexamination revealed a pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia. The objective ofthis paper is to report a case of pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia managed by simple mastectomyand immediate reconstruction using expander. The pathological analyses confirmed the diagnoses ofpseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia. The exchange of the expander for the permanent breast implantoccurred 12 months after mastectomy, as well as the manufacturing of complex areolopapilar.The patient is alive and without evidence of disease after 18 months of the diagnosis.

Análise dos achados ecográficos em nódulos de hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa do estroma mamário diagnosticados por core biópsia / Analyzing the ecographic features of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia masses diagnosed by core biopsy

Objetivos: Descrever os aspectos ecográficos em nódulos de hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa do estroma mamário, classificando-os segundo o BI-RADS®. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, de 2009 a 2010, da base de dados do nosso serviço (UD diagnóstico por imagem) para identificar nódulos evidenciados na ecografia mamária, com diagnóstico histopatológico confirmado de hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa do estroma mamário, por meio de core biópsia orientada por ultrassonografia, com agulha de 16 gauge. Foram identificadas 16 pacientes com lesões ecográficas que tinham hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa do estroma mamário como diagnóstico. Resultados: O fator determinante para a classificação em categorias 4a e 4b, segundo o léxico BI-RADS® para ultrassonografia, foi as margens não-circunscritas, que estavam presentes em 93,3% das lesões, as demais características ecográficas das lesões foram compatíveis com lesões benignas. Conclusão: Nódulos ecográficos de hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa do estroma mamário podem apresentar características ecográficas que sejam determinantes para a realização de biópsias, mesmo sabendo-se que esta patologia tem curso tipicamente benigno.

Objectives: To describe the ecographic features of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia masses, classifying them according to the BI-RADS® lexicon. Methods: A retrospective review was performed during the period from 2009 to 2010, using the database of our service (UD diagnóstico por imagem), in order to find ecographic masses with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia diagnosis, which were performed with 16-gauge core biopsy ultrasound guided. We identified 16 patients with ecographic masses diagnosed with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. Results: The most important finding that changes the classification of the BI-RADS® was noncircumscribed margins, which were foundin 93.3% of the lesions, other ultrasound characteristics found were benign features. Conclusion: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasiamasses may present ecographic findings that support biopsy indication; although it is known that it is a benign pathology.

Rapidly Growing Bilateral Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast

A tumoral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) that causes huge breast enlargement is very rare. Only two cases of huge tumoral PASHs have been reported in the English medical literature. We report here on a surgically confirmed case of bilateral huge tumoral PASH in a 47-year-old woman, and we present the imaging and histopathology findings. We also review the relevant medical literature.

Hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa de la mama (PASH): presentación de dos casos / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia

La hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) es una lesión mamaria benigna infrecuente, que afecta comúnmente a mujeres premenopáusicas y que se presenta como un nódulo único, móvil, de consistencia firme y por lo general unilateral. Hay un sobrecrecimiento benigno de tejido conectivo fibroso de la mama que produce numerosos espacios que semejan estructuras vasculares. En la actualidad, la alternativa diagnóstica la provee la punción biopsia percutánea eco-dirigida o por estereotaxia, la que permite determinar la naturaleza de la lesión y descartar patología maligna, como el angiosarcoma, a fin de evitar la realización de biopsias quirúrgicas innecesarias. Presentamos dos casos que fueron categorizados en el control inicial por mamografía como BI-RADS 4c, lo que determinó la realización de una punción biopsia.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a rare benign breast lesion, which commonly affects premenopausal women. It occurs as a single node, which is mobile, firm and usually unilateral. PASH is characterized by a benign overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue of the breast, which produces numerous spaces resembling vascular structures. The diagnostic alternative is currently provided by the ultrasound guided percutaneous biopsy or stereotactic biopsy, which determines the nature of the lesion and rules out malignancy, such as angiosarcoma, in order to avoid unnecessary surgical biopsies. We present two lesions that were classified as BI-RADS 4c in the initial control by mammography, which led to a needle biopsy.

Estudo clínico-patológico de dois casos de hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia clinical patological study of two cases

A hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) é uma lesão microscópica comumente encontrada em biópsias de mama como um achado incidental. Caracteriza-se por uma proliferação das células estromais formando uma complexa rede de canais interligados semelhantes a espaços vasculares delineados por células fusiformes. Na macroscopia, é geralmente uma massa fibrosa, bem delimitada, de coloração branca, e mais raramente pode apresentar-se em forma nodular. Na maioria dos casos, a PASH apresenta um crescimento lento, podendo regredir espontaneamente. O tratamento recomendado pela maioria dos autores é a excisão ampla da lesão, com margens livres para evitar as recorrências locais, que ocorrem com frequência. Essa lesão é benigna, sem casos relatados de transformação maligna, e o prognóstico é bom. Foram relatados neste estudo dois casos de PASH com diferentes apresentações clínicas, chamando a atenção para sua diferenciação de outras lesões benignas, tais como fibroadenoma, tumor filodes, hamartomas, e do tumor maligno angiossarcoma.

The pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a common microscopic lesion that may be found incidentally at breast biopsies, and presents histologically with a proliferation of the stromal cells and slit-like pseudovascular spaces with endothelial-like spindle cells. Macroscopically, this lesion presents as a pale fibroblastic mass, well-circunscribed and, less commonly, may be seen as a palpable nodule. Most PASH lesions grow slowly and may regress spontaneously. The treatment usually consists of wide local excision. PASH has a benign origin, good prognosis and there have been no cases of PASH becoming malignant. We report here two cases of PASH with distinct presentations. It is important to distinguish PASH from other breast tumors like fibroadenoma, phillodes tumor, hamartoma and angiosarcoma.

Diagnosis of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast: Ultrasonography Findings and Different Biopsy Methods

PURPOSE: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a rare, benign condition that can be mistaken as a fibroadenoma on an ultrasound examination or as a low-grade angiosarcoma on a histological examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound features and to present biopsy methods to correctly identify PASH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 55 women who were diagnosed with PASH of the breast. Ultrasound features were evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS; American College of Radiology). The diagnostic ability of different biopsy methods such as core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted biopsy and excisional biopsy were analyzed with the final histopathological results of surgical specimens. RESULTS: PASH presented as a circumscribed solid mass, with hypoechoic texture with or without heterogeneity, and a parallel orientation. The features of small, internal cysts or vascular channels and no calcifications can be used to differentiate the lesions from fibroadenomas. A core needle biopsy misdiagnosed PASH in 13 cases out of 28 cases and vacuum-assisted biopsy correctly identified PASH in all 3 cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound features of PASH should be noted when performing a biopsy. For inconclusive cases of PASH, an excisional biopsy followed by an initial core biopsy should be performed.

Cytologic Features of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast: A Case Report with Review of Literature / 대한세포병리학회지

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia(PASH) was initially described by Vuitch et al. as a benign breast lesion, consisting of mammary stromal proliferations which simulate vascular lesions, and which might be mistaken for a low-grade angiosarcoma. This condition occasionally presents as a palpable mass in postmenopausal women, but is more frequently encountered as an incidental component in premenopausal women. Clinical, radiological, and fine-needle aspiration(FNA) findings associated with this condition can mimic those observed in conjunction with a phyllodes tumor or a fibroadenoma. The cytological features of PASH are generally nonspecific, and its diagnosis by FNA cytology is fairly difficult. In this study, we report a case of PASH, manifesting as a palpable mass

Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast A clinicopathological study of 8 cases

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast occurs in premenopausal women and is characterized by anastomosing channels lined by spindle cells. It has been suggested to be of hormonal origin. This unusual condition may also be mistaken for a vascular tumor. We analyzed eight cases of PASH of the breast in Samsung Cheil Hospital from 1992 through 1998. All patients were premenopausal and had painless breast lump. Clinical diagnoses were fibroadenomas. Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed, nonhemorrhagic and measure 2.2 to 5 cm. Histologically, they consisted of complex interanastomosing channels lined by slender spindle cells, which resembled low grade angiosarcoma. Cells that line the interanastomosing channels showed no immunoreactivity for Factor VIII and electron microscopic findings consistent with fibroblast. All patients were treated with surgical excision and none of them had recurrence for 1 to 69 months (mean: 19 months) postoperatively. Pathologic diagnosis of PASH may be difficult unless the pathologists are aware of the presence of a mass lesion and appreciate the characteristic stromal changes. PASH should be included in the differential diagnosis of a circumscribed mass, especially in the premenopausal women.