Reflexões acerca do torcer a partir da pandemia do novo coronavírus / Reflections on supporter from the new coronavirus pandemic

Este artigo teve por objetivo investigar os movimentos produzidos no futebol, notadamente no torcer, condicionados pela ocorrência do Novo Coronavírus no Brasil. Para tanto, buscamos na primeira parte do texto um subsídio histórico, analisando os impactos da Gripe Espanhola de 1918 no futebol e no torcer à época, e os desdobramentos da constituição de uma identidade torcedora ao longo do século XX. Posteriormente, focamos nosso olhar para as mudanças ocorridas a partir da década de 1990, que altera profundamente os sentidos do esporte, em função de uma nova concepção de gerenciamento do espetáculo futebolístico, centrada na mercantilização de todo o processo, e consequentemente formatando novos modelos de torcida/torcedores. Por fim, alinhavamos reflexões deste contexto com a chegada da pandemia do COVID-19 no país, prospectando possíveis reordenamentos no cenário do futebol e do torcer.

This article aimed to investigate the movements produced in football, notably in cheering, conditioned by the occurrence of the New Coronavirus in Brazil. For this purpose, we sought in the first part of the text a historical subsidy, analyzing the impacts of the Spanish Flu of 1918 on football and cheering at the time, and the consequences of the constitution of a supporter identity throughout the 20th century. Subsequently, we focused our attention on the changes that occurred since the 1990s, which profoundly changes the meanings of the sport, due to a new conception of management of the football spectacle, centered on the commercialization of the whole process, and consequently formatting new models of crowd / fans. Finally, we aligned reflections of this context with the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, prospecting possible reorganizations in the soccer and cheering scene.

The correlation between behavior intention and family support on adult pulmonary TB patients in Central Jakarta

@#The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Jakarta reaches 0.6%. It is ranked the second largest after West Java (0.7%). To deal the illness, tuberculosis patients need their family support. The general aim of this study is to measure the family support in adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Central Jakarta. Methods The research is an analytical research and cross sectional design. The study population are the treatment supporter of adult pulmonary tuberculosis in Central Jakarta area. The subject of the study are the treatment supporter recorded in the YARSI TB care database. The number of samples are determined by quota sampling. The data collected is quantitative data. Results The respondents involved are 51 people, aged between 17-71 years old. Male respondents are 20 people (39.2%) and female respondents are 31 people (60.3%). The majority of the respondents’ education level is senior high school (70,6%) graduates. The treatment supporters living with the patients are about 45,1%. Family support is good, about 54,9%. Bivariate analysis showed p value=0,033 (correlation between behavior intention and family support). Conclusions Behavior intention is significantly correlated with the behavior of family support in adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients Motivation and persuasive action are required to maximize the support for pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

A violência em categorias de base do futsal no Rio de Janeiro: um mergulho no universo dos pais e treinadores / Violence in futsal basic age categories in Rio de Janeiro: entering the universe of parents and coaches / La violencia en las categorías de base del futsal en Rio de Janeiro: entrando en el universo de los padres y entrenadores

O estudo identifica e analisa as formas de manifestação da violência de pais, durante os jogos, em torcidas de futsal sub-9. Além disso, analisa as medidas preventivas propostas pelos técnicos. Participaram nove pais, além de três técnicos de três equipes do Rio de Janeiro, um de cada instituição. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de observação participante e entrevistas. A violência simbólica e a violência física manifestaram-se como as formas de violência presentes no grupo analisado. Além disso, as medidas preventivas propostas apontam para a intervenção das equipes multiprofissionais desses clubes, junto aos pais. Logo, concluiu-se que as duas formas de manifestação da violência em torcidas de pais depõem contra os valores do amadorismo esportivo e acabam promovendo comportamentos disfuncionais

The study identifies and analyzes parents' ways of expressing violence while rooting in under-9 futsal matches and examines preventive measures proposed by coaches. Participants were nine parents and three coaches of three teams from distinct institutions in Rio de Janeiro. Data were produced by participant observation and interviews. Both symbolic and physical violence were observed as expressions of violence present in the group analyzed. In addition, the preventive measures proposed point to the intervention by the clubs' multiprofessional teams with parents. Therefore, parents' two forms of expressing violence while rooting go against amateur sports values and end up promoting dysfunctional behaviors

El estudio identifica y analiza las formas en que se manifiesta la violencia de los padres durante los partidos, en las hinchadas de futsal sub-9. Además, analiza las medidas preventivas propuestas por los técnicos. Participaron nueve padres, además de tres técnicos de tres equipos de Rio de Janeiro, uno de cada institución. Los datos fueron producidos a través de observación participante y entrevistas. La violencia simbólica y la violencia física se manifestaron como las formas de violencia presentes en el grupo analizado. Además, las medidas preventivas propuestas apuntan a la intervención de los equipos multiprofesionales de esos clubes junto a los padres. Luego, se concluye que las dos formas de manifestación de la violencia en hinchadas de padres van contra los valores del deporte amador y terminan dando impulso a comportamientos disfuncionales

Questionnaire Survey on the Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes and Opinions following the Dementia Supporter Education Lecture / 社会薬学

Although pharmacy students receive professional education regarding dementia, it is the current state that many pharmacy students cannot learn the countermeasures to treat people with dementia. We conducted the “Otani dementia supporter education lecture” which improved a lecture by Caravan Mate targeting pharmacy students, and subjected the students to a questionnaire survey after the lecture. One hundred and forty-nine students participated and there were most percentages of third grades by 40.9%. After attending the lecture, most of the students opined that one can help a patient with dementia by understanding the patients’ feeling. It was the answer obtained by the lecture for the students to ensure that a pharmacist responds to consultations and requests from their family with a dementia patient. The first information that the students additionally wanted to know about dementia pertained to a method for the early detection of dementia. The results of text mining on the correspondence for patient with dementia showed that categories of “dementia patient,” “correspondence,” “understanding the patients’ feeling,” and “tact,” independently had strong mutual relations. Moreover, the results of text mining on the feedbacks obtained for the lecture showed that categories such as “dementia patient,” “When close person and one were,” “A chance was obtained,” and “correspondence” independently had significant mutual relations. Students who participate in this lecture understand that it is necessary to contact with dementia patients appropriately and feel that there is a need to become a presence that can support dementia patients as a pharmacist in the future. Therefore, this lecture was effective in motivation to correspondence to a person with dementia.

Barriers of Treatment-Supporters for DOTS under RNTCP in District Shahdol, India: A Mix-Method Study

Background: One of the challenges of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) has been that it has not been able to impart adequate knowledge, satisfactory attitude and desirable practices among treatment-supporters of rural and tribal communities. Present study was planned to explore the knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers related to Directly Observed treatment (DOT) provision among the treatment-supporters of Shahdol district, Madhya Pradesh in 2018. Methods: Mixed–methods study design of triangulation type was used among 30 community- based treatment-supporters of DOT from Sohagpur tahsil of district Shahdol of Madhya Pradesh, India. The cross-sectional quantitative component assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices and three focus-group discussions were used to explore the perceived barriers related to DOT provision. Results: ‘Adequate knowledge’ related to DOT provision was found in 37% of treatment- supporters, while 40% had “satisfactory attitude” and 60 % had “satisfactory practice” related to DOT. The focus-group discussions revealed, ineffective training, lack of supportive supervision, insecure monetary incentive, distant Public Health Institution/Designated Microscopic Center, language barrier and patient related stigma to TB disease as main perceive challenges related to DOT. Conclusion: Study revealed inadequate knowledge and unsatisfactory attitude and practice related to DOT provision among treatment-supporters. Effective training, making services accessible to patient, making RNTCP form in Hindi language and strengthening of honorarium disbursement mechanism are urgently required.

O apoiador local como ator estratégico na implementação do QualiSUS-Rede: engenheiros de conexão? / The supporter as strategic local actor at the QualiSUS-Network implementation: connection of engineers?

RESUMO Este artigo reflete sobre o apoiador institucional do Ministério da Saúde a partir da avaliação de implementação do Projeto QualiSUS-Rede. Utiliza-se o referencial de atores intermediários, inspirado na Teoria Ator-Rede, adaptada ao objeto do estudo. Entrevistaram-se treze apoiadores, explorando-se as operações de translação e os domínios de mediação cognitivos, estratégicos e logísticos. Os resultados indicam a legitimação da função apoio como unidade organizacional, embora com pouca autonomia gerencial e financeira, diluindo a possibilidade desses atores de produzir e gerenciar conexões inovadoras para a construção de alianças, encaminhamentos e superação de conflitos e controvérsias.

ABSTRACT This paper reflects on the Ministry of Health 'institutional supporter', based on the implementation evaluation of QualiSUS-Network Project. We employed the intermediate actors theory, inspired by the Actor-Network Theory, and adapted to the study's object. Thirteen 'supporters' were interviewed to explore the relationship between the translation operations and mediation process (cognitive, strategic and logistic). The results indicate the 'supporter' as an organizational unit with a legitimate function, but with limited managerial and financial autonomy, which dilutes these actors possibility to produce and manage innovative connections to build alliances and overcome conflicts and controversies.

Construction of C-shaped cartilage with electrospun gelatin/polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes and 3D printed supporter / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To construct C-shaped cartilage rings by rabbit auricular cartilage-derived chondrocytes combing with both electrospun gelatin/ polycaprolactone(GT/PCL) nanofibrous membranes and 3D printed supporters for repairing tracheal cartilage defects.Methods·Primary chondrocytes were isolated from rabbit auricular cartilage with methods of trypsin enzyme digestion and collagenase enzyme digestion.After proliferation in vitro,the chondrocytes of passage 2 were harvested for further experiments.Ultrafine composite fibers of GT/PCL were fabricated via electrospinning.The electrospun GT/PCL membranes were tailored into rectangle shape,the length of which is 12 cm and the width is 2.5 cm.Chondrocytes were seeded on membrane at a density of 1 × 108 cells/mL.Then the membrane were rolled onto a 3D printed supporter of poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) material to construct a C-shaped cartilage-like complex.After 8 weeks of subcutaneous incubation in vivo,gross inspection and paraffin section staining were applied for evaluation.Results·After 8 weeks of culture in vivo,mature cartilage-like tissue were formed with open-cylindrical bellow appearance and pecific mechanical property.C-shaped rings arranged at regular intervals on the inner surface of tissue,which were similar to the normal structure of tracheal cartilages.Histological and immunohistological staining showed a large number of typical lacunar structures and extracellular matrix secretions.Conclusion·It is feasible to construct tissue engineered C-shaped cartilage tissue by combing chondrocytes with GT/PCL membrane and 3D printed PLCL supporter for tracheal cartilage repair.

"O clássico dos clássicos"; das alterosas mineiras: a invenção da rivalidade futebolística entre Athletico e Palestra / "The derby of all derbies"; of Minas Gerais highlands: the genesis of soccer rivalry between Athletico and Palestra

Resumo O presente artigo tenciona investigar a gênese da rivalidade entre os clubes de futebol do Palestra Itália e Athletico Mineiro, nos anos de 1921 a 1942, na cidade de Belo Horizonte-MG. Para além da rivalidade propriamente dita, voltamos nosso olhar para outros elementos que orbitam em torno dela, constituindo as experiências dos sujeitos e do torcer. Para tanto, utilizamos as fontes localizadas nos periódicos publicados pela imprensa no período supracitado. Assim, jornais pertencentes a acervos como Hemeroteca Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Imprensa Oficial do Estado de Minas Gerais, Arquivo Público da Cidade e a Coleção Linhares foram consultados. Neste sentido, as notas, colunas e seções que tratam dos embates entre Palestra e Athletico tornaram-se a matéria-prima para a elaboração desta narrativa. Podemos perceber que a imprensa colaborou, sobremaneira, na construção de uma tradição inventada para alavancar o espetáculo esportivo/futebolistico. Nestes meandros, a tentativa de um controle das condutas emerge na forma de uma “educação para o torcer”, ditando um modelo adequado de se portar, mas ao mesmo tempo, alimentando o ideário de uma rivalidade que pudesse se consolidar e marcar o cotidiano dos sujeitos envolvidos nela.(AU)

Abstract This paper has the intention of investigating the genesis of the rivalry between the soccer clubs Palestra Italia and Club Atletico Mineiro between 1921 and 1942, in the city of Belo Horizonte – MG. Besides examining said rivalry, we turn our attention to the other elements that surround it and constitute the experiences of the subjects and of the act of supporting a squad. Periodicals published by the press during the stated period were used as sources. Thus, newspapers belonging to archives such as the Public Newspaper Library of Minas Gerais, the Official Press of Minas Gerais, the Public Archives of the City and Linhares Collection were consulted and notes, columns and sections covering clashes between Athletico and Palestra became the raw material for the preparation of this narrative. It was noted that the press played a very conducive role to the construction of a tradition created to leverage the sports/soccer spectacle. The attempt to control behaviors emerged as an “education for supporters”, which dictated a certain conduct, but also nurtured a rivalry in order for it to be able to solidify and seep into the daily lives of subjects who adhered.(AU)

Adherence to anti-retroviral therapy & factors associated with it: a community based cross-sectional study from West Bengal, India.

Background & objectives: Failure to adhere to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can lead to a range of unfavourable consequences impacting upon people living with HIV (PLH) and society. It is, therefore, paramount that ART adherence is measured in a reliable manner and factors associated with adherence are identified. Lack of such data from West Bengal necessitated undertaking the current study. Methods: Participants were included during August-October, 2011 from three Drop-In-Centres (DICs) from the three districts of West Bengal, India. ART-adherence was calculated by using formula based on pill-count and records collected from ART-card in possession of each of the 128 consenting adult PLH. Information on self-reported adherence, socio-demography, and adherence influencing issues was also collected through interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: Of the 128 PLH, 99 (77%) and 93 (73%) PLH had ≥90 per cent and ≥95 per cent adherence, respectively to ART. Conversely, subjective reporting captured much higher proportion of PLH as ‘well adherent’; a finding having implications for ongoing ART programme. Factors, independently associated with poor adherence (<90%), were ‘7th to 12th month period of ART intake’ (adjusted OR=9.5; 90% CI 1.9 - 47.3; p=0.02) and ‘non-disclosure of HIV status to family members’ (adjusted OR=4; 90% CI 1.3 - 13; p=0.05. Results at 95 per cent adherence cut-off were similar. Interpretation & conclusions: Enabling environment, which would encourage people to disclose their HIV status and in turn seek adherence partners from families and beyond and ongoing adherence-counselling appear to be important issues in the programme. Relevance of these study findings in wider context is conceivable.

Barras de fútbol, consumo de drogas y violencia / Football gangs, drug consumption and violence

A partir de una investigación descriptiva y analítica, con un diseño metodológico cualitativo, se describen y analizan la coocurrencia entre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y los comportamientos agresivos y violentos en miembros de algunas de las barras de fútbol de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Mediante la técnica de observación participante se muestra que el consumo de drogas, junto con los fenómenos de la identificación, la sugestión y el contagio social, pueden promover la alteración de la conciencia y la abolición temporal de los patrones de pensamiento y comportamiento típicos de los individuos, así como de los preceptos morales y éticos que regulan la actuación en sociedad. Se explica por qué los individuos de la masa (barra de fútbol) se vuelven irreflexivos, impulsivos, iracundos y violentos, desde perspectivas de la psicología social, el psicoanálisis y la etología.

Based on a descriptive and analytical research carried out under a qua-litative methodological design the co-ocurrence of the consumption of psychoactive substances and aggressive and violent behaviors in the members of some of the football supporting groups of the city of Medellin, Colombia were described and analyzsed. Using the participant observation technique we were able to show that drug use, together with the identification, suggestion and social contagion phenomena, promote the disturbance of consciousness and the temporary abolition of patterns of thought and behavior typical of individuals, as well as the moral and ethical precepts regulating action in society. This explains why the individuals of the mass (football supporter groups) become reckless, impulsive, angry, and violent from the scope of social psycho-logy, psychoanalysis and Ethology.

Effect of a wearing overlap length change of the knee joint supporter during a stop-jump task / 体力科学

The purpose of this study is to show the kinetic effect on the stop-jump movement in wearing overlap length change of the knee joint supporter. Ten young health males volunteered as subjects for this study. Three-dimensional videographic and ground reaction force data in a stop-jump task were collected in three conditions. Overlap length of supporter, peak ground reaction force, peak knee flexion angle, peak knee extension torque at landing, peak jump height, peak jump velocity at takeoff were compared among conditions: high pressure condition, middle pressure condition and no supporter. The high pressure condition significantly increased peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extension torque at landing. It is considered that the high pressure condition enlarged the knee joint angle and the knee joint extension torque in stop task because the rigidity of the supporter increased. On the other hand, it was suggested that the pressure change of wearing the knee joint supporter don’t affect jump performance.

Application of a puncture guidance supporter in CT intervention / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To evaluate the application of a puncture guidance supporter in CT guided biopsy and interventional therapy. Methods Totally 468 patients underwent CT interventional biopsy (n=110) or treatment (n=358) using a puncture guidance supporter. The size of lesions was 2-15 cm. CT scanning was performed to determine the entry point, data of bi-directional needle angle α, θ and depth d before operation. After local anesthesia, the needle was punctured into skin through the puncture guidance supporter, the needle overlap CT positioning laser line in tilt angle (α) was adjusted and the puncture direction at angle θ. After CT scanning confirmed the needle aiming at target lesion, punctures were performed with the needle into the depth to hit the target. Results The total puncture hit rate was 100%, and one step hit rate was 96.79%. The average time from location scanning to hit the target was 8.4 min. The incidence of pneumothorax occurred in thorax management was 1.56%. Conclusion The application of puncture guidance supporter in CT interventional diagnosis and treatment makes operation more accurate, safe and convenient.