Supervivencia de pacientes con síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco en el periodo posoperatorio / Survival of patients with low cardiac output syndrome in the postoperative period i: en

Introducción: La intervención quirúrgica cardiaca es compleja, pero con resultados satisfactorios para el paciente, pues incrementa su supervivencia y calidad de vida. El síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco en el periodo posoperatorio es una de las entidades que ensombrece el pronóstico y eleva los índices de morbilidad y mortalidad en dichos pacientes. Objetivo: Estimar la supervivencia de los pacientes con síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco en el periodo posoperatorio según variables clínicas y ecocardiográficas. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de cohorte de supervivencia en 56 pacientes operados del corazón, diagnosticados con síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco posoperatorio, quienes fueron atendidos en el Centro de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2019 hasta noviembre del 2021. Resultados: Predominaron el grupo etario de 65 o más años (60,7 %), la diabetes mellitus (44,6 %) como antecedente patológico personal y los pacientes con fracción de eyección de 45 % o más, quienes presentaron mayor cantidad de decesos (29,8 %). La función del ventrículo derecho afectada se halló en 52,6 % de los fallecidos. El tiempo de circulación extracorpórea de 90 minutos o más primó en 67,9 % de los afectados, de los cuales 42,1 % murieron. Conclusiones: Se observó que la diabetes mellitus, el tiempo de circulación extracorpórea y el sangrado perioperatorio prolongados, así como la función sistólica biventricular se relacionaron con el pronóstico del síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco en el periodo posoperatorio.

Introduction: Heart surgical intervention is complex, but with satisfactory results for the patient, because it increases his survival and life quality. The low cardiac output syndrome in the postoperative period is one of the entities that darkens the prognosis of this operation and elevates the morbidity and mortality indexes in these patients. Objective: To estimate the survival of patients with low cardiac output syndrome in the postoperative period according to clinical and echocardiographyc variables. Methods: A cohort investigation of survival in 56 operated patients was carried out, who were diagnosed with postoperative low cardiac output syndrome and were assisted in the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Center of Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2019 to November, 2021. Results: There was prevalence of the 65 years and over age group (60.7%), the diabetes mellitus (44.6%) as personal pathological history and patients with ejection fraction of 45% or more who presented higher quantity of deaths (29.8%). The function of the affected right ventricle was found in 52.6% of deaths. The time of extracorporeal circulation of 90 minutes or more prevailed in 67.9% of those affected, of whom 42.1% died. Conclusions: It was observed that diabetes mellitus, the time of extracorporeal circulation and the long perioperative bleeding, as well as the biventricular systolic function was related to the prognosis of low cardiac output syndrome in the postoperative period.

El desarrollo psicomotor en niños menores de 5 años con cardiopatía congénita, Madre de Dios-Perú

A nivel mundial, la cardiopatía congénita en los niños es la malformación más común que puede tener un bebé al nacer. Objetivo. Analizar el comportamiento del desarrollo psicomotor de los niños menores a 5 años con cardiopatía congénita en la región de Madre de Dios, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se consideró un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional analítica con diseño de cohorte prospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico y una muestra de 6 infantes a quienes se aplicó el instrumento de recolección de información "observación del desarrollo psicomotor en niños con cardiopatía congénita". Resultados. El género del paciente varón en promedio es de 33.33%, la edad en promedio de los pacientes con cardiopatía congénita es de 2 años; el tipo de cardiopatía congénita de los pacientes es atresia pulmonar y estenosis aortica, mostrando un desarrollo psicomotor promedio de nivel medio; el tipo de cirugía desarrollado en el paciente en promedio es de tipo definitivo; alcanzando de esta manera una estancia hospitalaria de 16 a 30 días en promedio y alcanzando un estado nutricional promedio de desnutrición severa. Además, la relación entre el tipo de cardiopatía congénita con el desarrollo psicomotor es positiva, toda vez que, ante un incremento del desarrollo psicomotor de los pacientes, entonces los casos de cardiopatía congénita incrementan (ρ de Pearson =0.6919). Conclusiones. Se determinó que, en los pacientes estudiados el desarrollo psicomotor es de nivel medio; la misma que está relacionado por el tipo de cardiopatía congénita que tiene, donde el 33.33% de los pacientes presentan atresia pulmonar y el 16.67% tiene estenosis aortica; lo que demuestra que la relación entre el tipo de cardiopatía congénita con el desarrollo psicomotor es positiva o directa.

Worldwide, congenital heart disease in children is the most common malformation that an infant may have at birth. Objective. To analyze the behavior of psychomotor development in children under 5 years of age with congenital heart disease in the region of Madre de Dios, Peru. Materials and methods. A quantitative, analytical observational approach with prospective cohort design was considered, with non-probabilistic sampling and a sample of 6 infants to whom the data collection instrument "observation of psychomotor development in children with congenital heart disease" was applied. Results. The average gender of the male patient is 33.33%; the average age of the patients with congenital heart disease is 2 years; the type of congenital heart disease of the patients is pulmonary atresia and aortic stenosis, showing an average psychomotor development of medium level; the type of surgery developed in the patient on average is of definitive type; thus reaching a hospital stay of 16 to 30 days on average and reaching an average nutritional status of severe malnutrition. In addition, the relationship between the type of congenital heart disease and psychomotor development is positive, since, with an increase in the psychomotor development of the patients, the cases of congenital heart disease increase (Pearson's ρ =0.6919). Conclusions. It was determined that, in the patients studied, psychomotor development is of medium level; the same is related to the type of congenital heart disease they have, where 33.33% of the patients present pulmonary atresia and 16.67% have aortic stenosis; which shows that the relationship between the type of congenital heart disease and psychomotor development is positive or direct.

Em todo o mundo, a doença cardíaca congênita em crianças é a malformação mais comum que um bebê pode ter ao nascer. Objetivo. Analisar o comportamento do desenvolvimento psicomotor em crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade com cardiopatia congênita na região de Madre de Dios, no Peru. Materiais e métodos. Foi considerada uma abordagem observacional quantitativa e analítica, com um projeto de coorte prospectivo, amostragem não probabilística e uma amostra de 6 bebês aos quais foi aplicado o instrumento de coleta de dados "observação do desenvolvimento psicomotor em crianças com cardiopatia congênita". Resultados. O sexo médio do paciente masculino é de 33,33%, a idade média dos pacientes com cardiopatia congênita é de 2 anos; o tipo de cardiopatia congênita dos pacientes é atresia pulmonar e estenose aórtica, apresentando um desenvolvimento psicomotor médio de nível médio; o tipo de cirurgia desenvolvida no paciente é, em média, do tipo definitiva; atingindo, assim, uma permanência hospitalar de 16 a 30 dias, em média, e atingindo um estado nutricional médio de desnutrição grave. Além disso, a relação entre o tipo de cardiopatia congênita e o desenvolvimento psicomotor é positiva, pois, com o aumento do desenvolvimento psicomotor dos pacientes, aumentam os casos de cardiopatia congênita (ρ de Pearson = 0,6919). Conclusões. Foi determinado que, nos pacientes estudados, o desenvolvimento psicomotor é de nível médio; isso está relacionado com o tipo de cardiopatia congênita que eles têm, onde 33,33% dos pacientes têm atresia pulmonar e 16,67% têm estenose aórtica; o que mostra que a relação entre o tipo de cardiopatia congênita e o desenvolvimento psicomotor é positiva ou direta.

A surgical management of articular disc injury in temporomandibular Joint: A compiled case series of two cases with articular disc tear managed with surgical intervention

Articular disc injury in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can lead to significant pain and limited jaw movement. We present two cases in this case series of articular disc injuries in the TMJ and elaborate on their etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and treatment provided with follow-up reviews. Case 1 involved a 50-year-old female with a history of pain and clicking in the left TMJ for 10 years, wherein imaging studies revealed a discal tear. Case 2 involved a patient who presented with trauma and was diagnosed with a displaced disc with a disc tear when the patient was screened for mandibular fractures. The patients underwent surgical intervention, and the disc tear was repaired, following which both showed marked improvement. Our cases highlight the importance of early diagnosis and necessary surgical management of articular disc injury in the TMJ for better clinical outcomes.

Relationship between Degree of Dependency and Hospitalization Time of Surgical Patients / Relación entre grado de dependencia y el tiempo de hospitalización de pacientes quirúrgicos / Relação entre grau de dependência e tempo de internação de pacientes cirúrgicos atendidos em hospital regional

Objective. This work sought to establish the relationship between the degree of dependency with hospitalization time of patients intervened surgically in a regional hospital of Peru. Methods. The study was analytical, cross-sectional with retrospective data collection, studying 380 patients treated in the surgical service at Regional hospital Docente in the municipality of Cajamarca (Peru). The patients' demographic and clinical information was obtained from the daily care records in the hospital's surgery service. The univariate description was conducted through absolute and relative frequencies and confidence intervals for proportions at 95%; for the association between the degree of dependency and hospitalization time Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) ­ Chi-square was applied, as well as the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, with statistical significance of p<0.05. Results. The study had 53.4% male patients, with mean age of 35.3 years, referrals from operating room (64.7%), surgery specialty (66.6%) and the most-frequent surgical intervention was appendectomy (49.7%). Mean hospitalization time was 10 days; 88.1% of the patients had grade-II dependency. The degree of patient dependency had a significant impact on the days of post-surgery hospitalization with direct relationship between both variables (p=0.038). Conclusion. Hospitalization time is determined by the degree of dependency of patients subjected to a surgical intervention; thereby, it is fundamental to anticipate all the necessary resources for proper care management.

Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre el grado de dependencia con el tiempo de hospitalización de pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en un hospital regional de Perú. Métodos. El estudio fue analítico, transversal con toma retrospectiva de la información. Se estudiaron 380 pacientes atendidos en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca (Perú). La información demográfica y clínica de los pacientes se obtuvo del registro de atenciones diarias del servicio de cirugía del hospital. La descripción univariada se hizo a través de frecuencias absolutas y relativas e intervalos de confianza para proporciones al 95% y para la asociación entre el grado de dependencia y el tiempo de hospitalización se aplicó Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) ­ Chi-cuadrado y el análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier, con una significancia estadística de p<0.05. Resultados. El 53.4% de pacientes fueron varones, con edad promedio de 35.3 años, referidos de sala de operaciones (64.7%), especialidad de cirugía (66.6%) y la intervención quirúrgica más frecuente fue la apendicectomía (49.7%). El tiempo medio de hospitalización fue de 10 días, el 88.1% de pacientes tuvieron dependencia de grado II. El grado de dependencia de los pacientes repercutió significativamente en los días de hospitalización pos-cirugía con una relación directa entre ambas variables (p=0.038). Conclusión. El tiempo de hospitalización está determinado por el grado de dependencia que presentan los pacientes que son sometidos a una intervención quirúrgica, por ello es fundamental la previsión de todos los recursos necesarios para la gestión adecuada del cuidado.

Objetivo. Estabelecer a relação entre o grau de dependência e o tempo de internação de pacientes operados em um hospital regional do Peru. Métodos. O estudo foi transversal analítico com obtenção retrospectiva de informações. Foram estudados 380 pacientes atendidos no serviço de cirurgia do Hospital Universitário Regional do município de Cajamarca (Peru). As informações demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes foram obtidas da ficha de atendimento diário do serviço de cirurgia do hospital. Resultados. 53.4% dos doentes eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 35.3 anos, provenientes do bloco operatório (64.7%), especialidade cirúrgica (66.6%) e a intervenção cirúrgica mais frequente foi a apendicectomia (49.7%). O tempo médio de internação foi de 10 dias, 88.1% dos pacientes apresentavam dependência grau II. De acordo com o teste de Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) o grau de dependência dos pacientes teve impacto significativo nos dias de internação após a cirurgia com relação direta entre ambas as variáveis (p=0.038). Conclusão. O tempo de internação é determinado pelo grau de dependência apresentado pelos pacientes que se submetem à cirurgia, portanto, é essencial fornecer todos os recursos necessários para o gerenciamento adequado de seus cuidados.

Association Between Constipation and a Reduction in Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Preoperative Patients with Thoracic Spinal Tumors / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms experienced by patients with thoracic spinal tumors and verify the associated symptoms that are predictive of a decline in muscle strength in the lower limbs. Methods A single-center, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on in-patients diagnosed with epidural thoracic spinal tumors between January 2011 and May 2021. The study involved a review of electronic medical records and radiographs and the collection of clinical data. The differences in clinical manifestations between patients with constipation and those without constipation were analyzed. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with a decline in muscle strength in the lower limbs.Results A total of 227 patients were enrolled, including 131 patients with constipation and 96 without constipation. The constipation group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who experienced difficulty walking or paralysis compared to those without constipation prior to surgery (83.2% vs. 17.7%, χ2 = 99.035,P < 0.001). Constipation (OR = 9.522, 95%CI: 4.150-21.849, P < 0.001) and urinary retention (OR = 14.490, 95%CI: 4.543-46.213, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for muscle strength decline in the lower limbs. Conclusions The study observed that patients with thoracic spinal tumors who experienced constipation symptoms had a higher incidence of lower limb weakness. Moreover, the analysis revealed that constipation and urinary retention were independent risk factors associated with a preoperative decline in muscle strength of lower limbs.

Factores clínicos y ecocardiográficos asociados al bajo gasto cardíaco posoperatorio en pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico cardiovascular / Clinical and echocardiographic factors associated with the postoperative low cardiac output in patients with cardiovascular surgical treatment i: en

Introducción: Entre las diferentes complicaciones que surgen en el periodo posoperatorio inmediato, el bajo gasto cardíaco presenta mayor morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas, con una incidencia de hasta 45,0 %. Objetivo: Determinar los factores relacionados con la aparición posoperatoria del bajo gasto cardíaco en pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico cardiovascular y circulación extracorpórea, según variables demográficas, clínicas y ecocardiográficas. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación analítica, de casos y controles, la cual incluyó a pacientes que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico cardíaco en el Servicio de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2019. Cada grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 43 integrantes, para lo cual se consideró la presencia del síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco (casos) o no (controles). Resultados: En la serie predominaron los pacientes menores de 65 años de edad en ambos grupos de estudio (51,2 y 73,5 % para casos y controles, respectivamente), así como el sexo masculino (60,9 %); de igual modo, resultó más frecuente la intervención quirúrgica de emergencia (80,2 %). La fibrilación auricular y la función sistólica del ventrículo derecho presentaron alta significación estadística (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Algunos elementos clínicos y ecocardiográficos (edad, fibrilación auricular, función sistólica de los ventrículos izquierdo y derecho, así como intervención quirúrgica de emergencia) se asociaron de manera independiente a la aparición del bajo gasto cardíaco.

Introduction: Among the different complications that arise in the immediate postoperative period, the low cardiac output presents higher associated morbidity and mortality, with an incidence of up to 45.0 %. Objective: To determine the factors related to the postoperative emergence of the low cardiac output in patients with cardiovascular surgical treatment and extracorporeal circulation, according to demographic, clinical and echocardiographic variables. Methods: An analytic, cases and controls investigation was carried out, which included patients that received heart surgical treatment in the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2019. Each study group was conformed by 43 members, for which was considered the presence (cases) or not (controls) of the low cardiac output syndrome. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the patients under 65 years in both study groups (51.2 and 73.5 % for cases and controls, respectively), as well as the male sex (60.9 %); in a same way, the emergency surgical intervention was the most frequent (80.2 %). The atrial fibrillation and the systolic function of the right ventricle presented high statistical significance (p <0.05). Conclusions: Some clinical and echocardiographic elements (age, atrial fibrillation, systolic function of the left and right ventricles, as well as emergency surgical intervention) were associated in an independent way with the emergence of the low cardiac output.

Analysis of postoperative visual and surgical outcome following surgery for absorbed cataract in pediatric age group and the intraoperative difficulties

Purpose: To analyze the postoperative visual and surgical outcomes following surgery for pediatric?absorbed cataracts and intraoperative difficulties. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 43 eyes (30 children) with absorbed cataracts aged between 6 months and 18 years (either sex). All children underwent best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior and posterior segment evaluation, rubella titer estimation, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, superior small incision cataract surgery with or without posterior capsulotomy/anterior vitrectomy/IOL implantation under general anesthesia, visual rehabilitation, and were followed up for 1 year. Results: The mean age was 7.89 ± 4.84 years. Preoperative BCVA distance: 39 eyes had either perception of light (PL) or counting finger close to face (CFCF); near BCVA: all eyes had either PL or N36. Postoperative (12 months) distant BCVA: a majority of the eyes (27) had 6/60–1/60, 11 eyes had 6/18–6/36; near: N18 in 19 eyes, N6 in 7 eyes. Anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (ACCC) was possible in eight eyes. Cortical aspiration was difficult in 16 eyes (peripheral calcified ring). A majority (32 eyes) underwent in the sulcus implantation (in?the?bag: eight eyes); two eyes: no IOL, one eye: secondary IOL. Eleven eyes had early postoperative inflammation. At 12 months, one eye underwent membranectomy for visual axis opacification and 38 eyes had well?centered IOLs. Conclusion: Surgery in absorbed cataracts is challenging because of the anatomic disorganization of the absorbed lens. By adopting appropriate surgical methods and good visual rehabilitation, one can achieve satisfactory surgical and visual outcomes, highlighting the need for surgical intervention

Lesión del nervio mediano por cuerpo extraño metálico en un adulto joven / Lesion of the median nerve due to metallic strange body in a young adult

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 36 años de edad, quien acudió a la consulta de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, con un alambrón oxidado, encarnado en la cara palmar de la muñeca derecha, con parestesias en la zona de inervación del nervio mediano. La radiografía reveló que dentro de las estructuras de la muñeca había 10 cm del alambrón, con la porción distal doblada en forma de gancho, por lo cual se le realizó intervención quirúrgica de urgencia. Se utilizó anestesia regional, sedación e isquemia y se extrajo el cuerpo extraño en sentido contrario a la curvatura que presentaba. Luego de pasar el efecto anestésico persistían las parestesias en el pulpejo del índice, que desaparecieron completamente a los 4 meses del accidente. Se incorporó a sus labores habituales a los 2 meses de operado.

The case report of a 36 years patient is described. He went to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, with a rusty big wire, ingrowing in the right wrist palmar face, with paresthesias in the innervation area of the median nerve. The x-ray revealed that inside the wrist structures there was 10 cm of the big wire, with the distal portion bent in hook form, reason why an emergency surgical intervention was carried out. Regional anesthesia, sedation and ischemia were used and the strange body was removed in sense contrary to the bend that presented. After the anesthetic effect eased the paresthesias of the index finger tip persisted that disappeared completely 4 months after the accident. He went back to his usual works 2 months after the operation.

Intervenciones quirúrgicas de urgencia en el Hospital General Universitario "Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima" de Cienfuegos / Emergency surgical interventions at the Hospital General Universitario "Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima" from Cienfuegos / Intervenções cirúrgicas de emergência no Hospital General Universitario "Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima"de Cienfuegos

RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad quirúrgica ha cobrado un notable papel dentro del área de atención al paciente con situaciones cuyo peligro para la vida es inmediato o no. Sin embargo, se cuenta con escasos estudios enfocados en el análisis de las mismas. Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones quirúrgicas de urgencia realizadas en el Hospital General Universitario "Gustavo Aldereguía Lima", de Cienfuegos, durante el primer trimestre de 2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal sobre una muestra de 196 intervenciones quirúrgicas de urgencia, de un universo de 252, realizadas en la institución antes mencionada. Se estudiaron las variables: mes de la intervención, sexo, grupo etario, entidad nosológica, tipo de cirugía y código de color. Se recopiló la información a partir del informe operatorio individual. Resultados: El mes de marzo aportó 116 intervenciones (59 %). Predominó el sexo masculino con 103 casos (52,55 %) y el grupo etario 18-35 (59 pacientes, 30,10 %). La apendicitis aguda fue la entidad sobresaliente con 49 casos (25 %). Las cirugías limpias contaminadas representaron el 61,73 % (121 intervenciones). Los casos código amarillo constituyeron el 92,35 % del total (181 casos). Conclusiones: La mayoría de las complicaciones se localizaron en hombres jóvenes y adultos jóvenes, algunos casos se desplazaron hacia la mediana edad. La apendicitis aguda fue la manifestación sobresaliente, de ahí, el mayor número de cirugías limpias contaminadas y catalogadas como código amarillo según la escala de colores.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Surgical activity has taken on a notable role within the area of patient care with situations whose danger to life is immediate or not. However, there are few studies focused on their analysis. Objective: To describe the emergency surgical interventions was carried out at the Hospital General Universitario "Gustavo Aldereguía Lima", in Cienfuegos, during the first quarter of 2021. Method: An observational, descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study on a sample of 196 interventions emergency surgical procedures, out of a universe of 252, performed at the aforementioned institution. The variables were studied: month of intervention, sex, age group, nosological entity, type of surgery and color code. Information was collected from the individual operative report. Results: The month of March provided 116 interventions (59%). Male sex predominated with 103 cases (52.55%) and the age group 18-35 (59 patients, 30.10%). Acute appendicitis was the outstanding entity with 49 cases (25%). Clean contaminated surgeries represented 61.73% (121 interventions). Code yellow cases constituted 92.35% of the total (181 cases). Conclusions: Most of the complications were located in young men and young adults, some cases moved towards middle age. Acute appendicitis was the outstanding manifestation, hence the highest number of clean surgeries contaminated and classified as code yellow according to the color scale.

RESUMO Introdução: A atividade cirúrgica tem assumido papel de destaque dentro da área de atendimento ao paciente em situações de perigo de vida imediato ou não. No entanto, existem poucos estudos voltados para sua análise. Objetivo: Descrever as intervenções cirúrgicas de emergência realizadas no Hospital General Universitario "Gustavo Aldereguía Lima", em Cienfuegos, durante o primeiro trimestre de 2021. Método: Estudo transversal observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado em amostra de 196 intervenções procedimentos cirúrgicos de emergência, de um universo de 252, realizados na referida instituição. As variáveis estudadas foram: mês da intervenção, sexo, faixa etária, entidade nosológica, tipo de cirurgia e código de cores. As informações foram coletadas do relatório operatório individual. Resultados: O mês de março proporcionou 116 intervenções (59%). O sexo masculino predominou com 103 casos (52,55%) e a faixa etária de 18 a 35 anos (59 pacientes, 30,10%). A apendicite aguda foi a entidade de destaque com 49 casos (25%). As cirurgias limpas contaminadas representaram 61,73% (121 intervenções). Os casos de código amarelo constituíram 92,35% do total (181 casos). Conclusões: A maioria das complicações localizou-se em homens jovens e adultos jovens, alguns casos avançaram para a meia-idade. A apendicite aguda foi a manifestação de destaque, daí o maior número de cirurgias limpas contaminadas e classificadas como código amarelo de acordo com a escala de cores.

Analysis of surgical prognosis and related prognostic factors of drug-refractory epileptic spasms of focal onset / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations and surgical outcomes of pediatric epilepsy patients with epileptic spasms (ES) as the main form of seizure, so as to analyze the correlative factors with prognosis and improve the understanding of the operation and preoperative positioning for such patients.Methods:The clinical data of patients with ES who underwent surgery therapy from June 2014 to December 2015 in Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Demographic characteristics, seizure forms, etiology, electroencephalogram (EEG), cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), operative methods, pathological findings as well as surgical outcomes evaluated by Engel classification during follow-up of the subjects were collected.Correlative factors with the prognosis were explored by comparing the data between patients with optimal outcome (Engel Ⅰ) and those with poor outcomes (Engel Ⅱ-Ⅳ).Results:A total of 25 pediatric patients were enrolled, including 16 males (64.0%) and 9 females (36.0%). The age of onset was (0.81±0.68) years, the age at operation was (2.98±1.63) years, and the course of disease was (2.17±1.48) years.Besides, 84.0% (21/25 cases) of the ES patients had multiple forms of seizures and partial seizure (19 cases) was the most common.MRI of the heads of all the children showed definite lesions, including 11 patients (44.0%) with lesions limited to one brain lobe and 14 patients (56.0%) involving multiple brain lobes or hemisphere.The most common etiology was focal cortical dysplasia (13 cases), followed by intracranial developmental tumors (3 cases). All patients underwent resection surgery, including resection of lesion (3 cases), single brain lobe resection (9 cases), multiple brain lobe dissection (3 cases) and hemisphere dissection (10 cases). During a follow-up period of 4.0 to 5.5 years, 1 patient was lost.Among the remaining 24 cases, 18 (75.0%) cases achieved good outcomes and wee classified as EngelⅠ, 2 cases (8.3%) and 4 cases(16.7%) were classified as Engel Ⅱand Ⅳ, respectively.The univariate comparison between the good epilepsy prognosis group and the poor epilepsy prognosis group showed that, patients whose EEG abnormalities are consistent with the anatomical lesions during the inter ictal tend to have good prognosis( P=0.006). Conclusions:(1) Optimal therapeutic effects were observed in ES patients with definite lesions treated by surgical therapy.(2) Interictal EEG consistent with the lesion side may suggest a good prognosis for surgical treatment.(3) Structural causes should be screened as soon as possible if a patient with ES is drug-refractory and presents clues of focal origin.

Incidencia de complicaciones intra y posoperatorias en pacientes geriátricos durante la cirugía abdominal mayor electiva / Incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in geriatric patients during major elective abdominal surgery

Introducción: El aumento de la expectativa de vida determina un incremento en la incidencia de enfermedades con indicación quirúrgica. El avance en las técnicas quirúrgicas, los cuidados intensivos y el conocimiento más profundo del proceso de envejecimiento tiende a favorecer la disminución de la morbimortalidad perioperatoria del paciente geriátrico. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de complicaciones intra y posoperatorias en pacientes geriátricos durante la cirugía abdominal mayor electiva. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal a 373 pacientes geriátricos programados para intervención quirúrgica abdominal mayor desde enero de 2017 hasta diciembre de 2019 en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Dr. Miguel Enríquez. Se registró la incidencia de complicaciones perioperatorias relacionándolas con las variables de estudio. Resultados: Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las cardiovasculares. La mortalidad fue escasa. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones perioperatorias detectadas en los pacientes geriátricos estudiados, se relacionan con las enfermedades previas, el tipo y la envergadura de la cirugía y con el tiempo quirúrgico(AU)

Introduction: The increase in life expectancy determines an increase in the incidence of diseases with surgical indication. Advances in surgical techniques, intensive care and deeper understanding of the aging process tend to favor the reduction of perioperative morbidity and mortality among geriatric patients. Objective: To determine the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications among geriatric patients during elective major abdominal surgery. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was carried out with 373 geriatric patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery from January 2017 to December 2019 at Dr. Miguel Enríquez Clinical-Surgical Hospital. The incidence of perioperative complications was recorded, relating them to the study variables. Results: The most frequent complications were the cardiovascular ones. Mortality was low. Conclusions: The perioperative complications identified among the geriatric patients studied are related with previous diseases, with the type and extent of surgery, and with the surgical time(AU)

Awareness of First Aid in Different Burn Degrees and its Surgical and Psychiatric Aspects on Patients, in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Burn injuries are one of the most traumatizing and damaging wounds. Causing considerable mortality, prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement, disability, often with resulting social stigma, rejection, psychiatric issues in long run. We aimed to assess the knowledge of general population on first aid and surgical intervention in different degrees of burns and psychiatric aspect on patients; so, the results of this study could help to manage burn injuries. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted in shopping malls of Hail KSA. Data was collected from the audience who attended Health Awareness Campaign on Burns between 15th of December 2019 and 15th of January 2020. Data was fed and analysed by using SPSS version 23. Results: Forty-seven Percent of the respondents have received information on burns. Half of respondents had history of either oneself being affected by burn incident or any one of their close relatives. Out of 273 burn cases, 65 had complications later. Almost 29% developed psychiatric issues after that incidence but just 8% consulted Psychiatrist. Only 2% were familiar with the surgical aspect for healing of second-degree burn. Conclusion: Knowledge of respondents on the burn’s issues is very scanty as revealed in our results. 15%-24% 0f respondents did not know what to do in 1-3 degree of burns that is very alarming. Just 16% knew that there is any role of Plastic Surgery in 3rd degree burns. Twenty-nine Percent had suffered from psychiatric problems after burn incident but just 8% consulted any Psychiatric and those were ones who had total monthly income ≥ 10,000 Saudi Riyals (p ≤ 0.05). These results emphasize the importance of implementing Health Awareness Campaigns in community and in institutions that could minimize burn incidents and psychiatric issues in general population.

Efectividad de la analgesia quirúrgica acupuntural en pacientes operados de catarata / Effectiveness of the acupunctural surgical analgesia in patients operated for cataract

Introducción: La catarata constituye una de las principales causas de ceguera a escala mundial. Es más frecuente en los ancianos y el tratamiento de elección es el quirúrgico. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la analgesia acupuntural en pacientes operados de catarata. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 136 pacientes mayores de 40 años con diagnóstico de catarata, operados en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba en el período 2016-2018. La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en 2 grupos (de estudio y de control), con 68 integrantes cada uno. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes de 70 años y más y del sexo femenino. Las variables hemodinámicas no sufrieron modificaciones significativas con el proceder terapéutico. Conclusiones: La analgesia quirúrgica acupuntural fue más efectiva que la convencional, pues se logró una sedación mayor en casi la totalidad de los pacientes durante la operación, así como mayor permanencia de su efecto durante el período posoperatorio; asimismo, hubo menor número de afectados con edema y hemorragia.

Introduction: The cataract constitutes one of the main causes of blindness worldwide. It is more frequent in the elderly and the election treatment is the surgical one. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the acupunctural analgesia in patients operated for cataract. Methods: A study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 136 patients older than 40 years with diagnosis of cataract, operated in the Ophthalmology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba in the period 2016-2018. The sample was divided at random in 2 groups (study and control), with 68 members each one. Results: The 70 years and over patients of the female sex prevailed. The hemodynamic variables didn't suffer significant modifications with the therapeutical procedure. Conclusions: The acupunctural surgical analgesia was more effective than the conventional one, because a higher sedation was achieved in almost all the patients during the operation, as well as higher permanency of its effect during the postoperatory period; also, there was smaller number of patients affected with edema and hemorrhages.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Regarding Non-Surgical Intervention Among Osteoarthritis Patients: A Review

@#Treatment effectiveness depends on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of osteoarthritis (OA) patients towards their assigned treatment. This study aimed to explore the KAP towards non-surgical intervention among OA patients. A methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was implemented. An electronic database search of English-language academic articles was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases encompassing 1998 to 2018 period of time, resulting in a total of 26 studies. OA patients were knowledgeable about the disease and exercise management. However, they were lack of knowledge on drug therapy and complementary strategies. The attitude towards non-surgical interventions was ambivalence. Lastly, the practice section mainly focused on patients’ compliance and behaviour towards different conservative managements, namely physiotherapy, medications, and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) which influenced by both knowledge level and attitudes. In conclusion, a higher knowledge level and positive attitude will result in good practice.

The role and significance of surgical intervention in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and discuss the role and significance of surgical intervention in the treatment of AIP.Methods The clinical data of 11 patients with preoperative confirmed AIP and 8 patients with preoperative suspected AIP receiving surgical intervention at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from 2011 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 11 preoperatively confirmed AIP patients,9 (47.4％) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with nasal bile duct implantation or biliary stent drainage,and 2 (10.5％)underwent choledochojejunostomy.Among 8 putative AIP patients in which a cancer was suspected 4 (21.1％) underwent choledochojejunostomy,3 (15.8％) did pancreaticoduodenectomy,and 1 (5.3％) had distal pancreatectomy plus splenectomy.Postoperative pathology confirmed pancreatic cancer in 3 cases,IPMN in 1 case.Conclusions While autoimmune pancreatitis is IgG4 related disease,surgical intervention is indicated when there is poor response to drug treatment or when a cancer is to be ruled out.

Audit of neonatal congenital anomalies required surgical intervention at tertiary care centre

Background: Nearly 10% of neonatal deaths are due to congenital malformations requiring surgical intervention. Hence our aim is to study spectrum and outcome of the different neonatal congenital anomalies requiring surgical intervention.Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a period of 2 years. 130 cases which required surgical intervention in neonatal period were included in the study. Plain x-ray abdomen was done in all the cases of our study. Ultrasound scan was done in all the cases to rule out renal and other anomalies. Contrast radiography was also performed in selected cases. All cases underwent their respective operations depending upon the diagnoses. Complication and mortalities during hospital stay were noted.Results: During the study period total 130 neonates underwent surgical intervention. Out of 130 cases 5(3.84%) neonates had trachea-esophageal fistula, 2(1.53%) had pure esophageal atresia, 5(3.84%) had duodenal atresia, 9(6.92%) had jejunal atresia, 14(10.76%) had ileal atresia, 3 had meconium ileus(2.30%), 9(6.92%) had malrotation, 15(11.5%) had HD and 5(3.84%) had Meckel's diverticulum, 10(7.69%) had Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis, 2(1.53%) had gastroschisis, 3(2.30%) had omphalocele, 16(12.30%) had anorectal malformation, 4(3.07%) had Patent Vitello Intestinal Duct, 3(2.30%) had persistent patent urachus, 4(3.07%) had congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 1(0.76%) had Congenital Lobar Emphysema, 4(3.07%) had Neural Tube Defects, 8(6.15%) had Inguinal Hernia, 6(4.61%) had Posterior Urethral Valve and 2(1.53%) had Pelvi-ureteric Junction Obstruction. There were 85 males and 45 females (M: F-2:1). Septicaemia (40%) was most common complication, 21 (16.15%) cases had mortality.Conclusions: There is lack of awareness regarding dog bite and its management among the rural population.

Unsuspected invasive gastrointestinal mucormycosis masquerading as inflammatory bowel disease: A pathologist's perspective

Mucormycosis is caused by fungi of the order Mucorales and class Zygomycetes. It is a rare opportunistic infection frequently associated with immunocompromised status. It can be disseminated disease or localized, which includes rhinocerebral, pulomonary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal mucormycosis. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is the most uncommon usually fatal disease accounting for 4–7% of all cases. We present a rare case of unusual presentation of angioinvasive colonic mucormycosis in a seemingly immunocompetent female masquerading as inflammatory bowel disease. It is very important to differentiate between both because treatment with steroids may lead to dissemination of disease ultimately resulting in a fatal outcome. A surgeon should maintain a high index of suspicion as timely appropriate surgical intervention along with effective antifungal treatment remains the cornerstone of treatment for this highly fatal disease. The definitive diagnosis is possible only by histopathological demonstration of tissue invasion. This requires a quantitatively and qualitatively adequate tissue biopsy.

Surgical intervention strategy for severe acute pancreatitis in minimally invasive era / 中华外科杂志

With the development of minimally invasive concept, the treatment mode of severe acute pancreatitis has changed greatly. The tendency of surgical intervention has changed from excessive intervention to inadequate intervention. The timing of intervention has changed from earlier to later, and the mode of intervention has changed from openness as the main way to minimally invasive as the guidance. The transformation of surgical intervention tendency conforms to both minimally invasive trend and the step-up approach, but there are still some shortcomings: inadequate surgical intervention, inappropriate timing and indications, and over dependence on minimally invasive surgery. Correctly grasping the indications of surgical intervention, accurately grasping the timing of surgical intervention, and reasonably choosing the mode of surgical intervention are the keys to solve the insufficiency of surgical intervention. Laying emphasis on multidisciplinary team and correctly recognizing the role and status of surgical intervention can effectively reduce the mortality of severe acute pancreatitis patients.

Clinical observation of modified Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in the treatment of refractory glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy of two methods for treating refractory glaucoma.<p>METHODS: A total of 30 patients with refractory glaucoma(32 eyes)selected from our hospital from January 2014 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment methods, they were divided into experimental group(16 eyes treated by modified Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation)and control group(16 eyes treated by traditional Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation). The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, number of anti-glaucoma drugs, the success rate, complications and average length of hospitalization were compared between the two groups, during follow-up at post operative 1d, 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo.<p>RESULTS:There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between the two groups at post-operative 1d, 1wk, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo(all <i>P</i>>0.05). The total success rate was 87%(14/16)in experimental group while 75%(12/16)in control group(<i>P</i>=0.654). BCVA did not improve significantly at post operative 6 mo compared with baseline in both groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). The average length of hospital stay in the experimental group(4.50±1.37d)was significantly lower than that in the control group(7.63±3.69d)(<i>P</i>=0.003). The incidece of shallow anterior chamber was 31% in control group, while in experimental group, it was 0, which showed significant difference.<p>CONCLUSION: Modified Ahmed drainage valve implantation is an effective method for treating refractory glaucoma, with more simple operations, shorter hospitalizing time and lower incidence of shallow anterior chamber.

La cesárea como la más antigua de las operaciones obstétricas

La historia de la Obstetricia ha estado indiscutiblemente ligada a una de las intervenciones quirúrgicas más antiguas que conoce la humanidad: la operación cesárea. La extracción del feto a través de las paredes abdominal y uterina, es practicada por el hombre desde la prehistoria. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar el desarrollo de esta cirugía obstétrica en la historia de la Medicina universal. Se revisaron 28 documentos contenidos en bibliotecas, portales digitales y textos. Se realizó la investigación de esta técnica quirúrgica a través de los años y se identificaron los momentos más importantes en su progreso, sus logros y reveses. Misterio, magia, sangre, leyenda y muerte definieron la historia de la cesárea desde su origen hasta la era moderna en que se lograron mejores resultados. La cesárea ha sido una de las cirugías de mayor permanencia en la historia de la Medicina, existiendo a lo largo de los siglos y controversial respecto a sus múltiples técnicas e indicaciones.

The history of obstetrics has been undeniably linked to one of the oldest surgical interventions known to humankind: cesarean section. Man practices the extraction of the fetus through the abdominal and uterine walls, since prehistory. The objective of this paper is to present the development of this obstetric surgery in the history of universal medicine. Twenty-eight documents contained in libraries, digital portals and texts were reviewed. The investigation of this surgical technique was carried out and the most important moments in its progress, its achievements and setbacks were identified. Mystery, magic, blood, legend and death defined the history of cesarean from its origin to the modern era in which better results were achieved. Cesarean section has been one of the most permanent surgeries in the history of medicine. Throughout centuries, it has been controversial with respect to its multiple techniques and indications.