Medición del estrés prequirúrgico en niños y preadolescentes que ingresan para cirugías de urgencia en el Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica de La Plata: estudio descriptivo / Measurement of pre-surgical stress in children and pre-adolescents admitted for emergency surgery in the Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica de La Plata: descriptive study

Introducción: como profesionales de la salud hemos observado distintas conductas en los pacientes pediátricos, sin psicoprofilaxis, que ingresan para ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente de urgencia; pacientes que, según su edad, su entorno social, familiar y cultural, podrán manifestar dichas conductas interpretadas como estrés, de distintas maneras. Objetivo: se midió el estrés prequirúrgico de los niños que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente de urgencia, los sábados y domingos por Guardia, en el Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica en la ciudad de La Plata. Materiales y métodos: hemos realizado un estudio piloto de diseño observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, aplicando para la recolección de datos la escala de YALE modificada (EAPY-m). Resultados: reclutamos 16 pacientes, de los cuales 10 fueron varones (62,50%), que ingresaron para ser tratados quirúrgicamente por las especialidades de traumatología y cirugía general en partes iguales. La mediana en edad fue de 7 años y la mediana en escolarización obligatoria de 6 años. Dentro de la muestra obtenida, un 56,25% concurrían a la escuela primaria y el 25% se encontraban en la etapa preescolar. La mitad de los niños tomaron como referente a su madre como la persona que lo calma y que les gustaría que estuviese presente en el momento previo a la cirugía. La conjunción de los resultados obtenidos ha superado los valores referenciales mínimos para la medición del estrés prequirúrgico: un 80% de los niños sufría de estrés prequirúrgico. Conclusiones: el estrés prequirúrgico es un hecho presente en los pacientes pediátricos que han sido incluidos en la realización del estudio, quedando en evidencia que la cirugía es un factor estresante para los niños. (AU)

Introduction: As health professionals, we have observed different behaviors in pediatric patients, without psychoprophylaxis, who are admitted for emergency surgery; patients who, according to their age, their social, family and cultural environment may manifest such behaviors interpreted as stress, in different ways. Objective: Therefore, the general objective of our research was to measure the presurgical stress of children who would undergo emergency surgery, on Saturdays and Sundays by guard, at the Sor María Ludovica children's hospital in the city of La Plata. Materials and methods: We have conducted a pilot study of observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design; applying the modified YALE scale (EArPY-m) for data collection. Results: We recruited 16 patients of which 10 were male (62.50%), who were admitted to be treated surgically by the specialties of traumatology and general surgery in equal parts. The median in age was 7 years and the median in compulsory schooling was 6 years. Within the sample obtained 56.25% attended primary school and 25% were in the preschool stage. 50% of the participants indicated that the mother was the one who calms them when they are nervous; while 43.75% was the mother who would like to be present at the time before surgery. The combination of the results obtained has exceeded the minimum reference values for the measurement of presurgical stress, 80% of children suffered from presurgical stress. Conclusions: We conclude that presurgical stress is a fact present in pediatric patients who have been included in the study, making it clear that surgery is a stressful factor for children. (AU)

Lidocaine in oncological surgery: the role of blocking in voltage-gated sodium channels. A narrative review / Lidocaína em cirurgia oncológica: o papel do bloqueio dos canais de sódio dependentes de voltagem. Revisão narrativa

Abstract Background: The current evidence suggests that oncological surgery, which is a therapy used in the treatment of solid tumors, increases the risk of metastasis. In this regard, a wide range of tumor cells express Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels (VGSC), whose biological roles are not related to the generation of action potentials. In epithelial tumor cells, VGSC are part of cellular structures named invadopodia, involved in cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Recent studies showed that lidocaine could decrease cancer recurrence through its direct effects on tumor cells and immunomodulatory properties on the stress response. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the role of VGSC in tumor cells, and to describe the potential antiproliferative effect of lidocaine during the pathogenesis of metastasis. Contents: A critical review of literature from April 2017 to April 2019 was performed. Articles found on PubMed (2000-2019) were considered. A free text and MeSH-lidocaine; voltage-gated sodium channels; tumor cells; invadopodia; surgical stress; cell proliferation; metastasis; cancer recurrence - for articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese language - was used. A total of 62 were selected. Conclusion: In animal studies, lidocaine acts by blocking VGSC and other receptors, decreasing migration, invasion, and metastasis. These studies need to be replicated in humans in the context of oncological surgery.

Resumo Justificativa: As evidências atuais sugerem que a cirurgia oncológica, usada no tratamento de tumores sólidos, aumenta o risco de metástase. Nesse sentido, uma ampla gama de células tumorais expressa Canais de Sódio Dependentes de Voltagem (CSDV), cujos papéis biológicos não estão relacionados à produção de potencial de ação. Nas células epiteliais tumorais, o CSDV é parte integrante de estruturas celulares denominadas invadópodes, que participam da proliferação, migração e metástase celular. Estudos recentes mostraram que a lidocaína pode diminuir a recorrência do câncer através de efeitos diretos nas células tumorais e de propriedades imunomoduladoras na resposta ao estresse. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão narrativa é analisar o papel do CSDV nas células tumorais e descrever o possível efeito antiproliferativo da lidocaína na patogênese das metástases. Conteúdo: Foi realizada uma revisão crítica da literatura de Abril de 2017 a Abril de 2019. Os artigos encontrados no PubMed (2000 − 2019) foram analisados. Pesquisamos textos de linguagem livre e descritores MeSH-lidocaína; canais de sódio dependentes de voltagem; células tumorais; invadópodes; estresse cirúrgico; proliferação celular; metástase; recorrência do câncer − em artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português. Foram selecionadas 62 publicações. Conclusão: Em estudos empregando animais, a lidocaína atua bloqueando o CSDV e outros receptores, diminuindo a migração, invasão e metástase. Esses estudos precisam ser replicados em humanos submetidos a cirurgia oncológica.

Tissue trauma and inflammatory response following laparoscopic versus abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with more favorable clinical outcome than conventional open surgery. This might be related to the magnitude of tissue trauma and tissue stress response. This study compares the intensity of tissue injury by assessing plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to abdominal hysterectomy.Methods: This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital from May 2018 to February 2020. 74 women candidate for hysterectomy were recruited and randomized into two groups: group A included 37 cases who underwent abdominal hysterectomy, and group B included 37 cases that underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy.Results: CRP, LDH and CA125 significantly increased post-operatively in both groups. Postoperative mean serum CRP, LDH and CA125 were significantly higher in the laparotomy group (10.84±2.47, 262.21±76.77, and 13.41±2.6 respectively) compared to laparoscopy group (7.92±2.25, 148.53±43.56, 11.79±2.77 respectively) (p<0.05).Conclusions: Surgery is a significant cause of tissue injury that can be assessed by specific markers. We suggest that laparoscopic surgery causes less tissue damage as assessed by lower postoperative CRP and LDH values, which might account for the earlier recovery and reduced hospital stay in laparoscopic surgery.

Preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica: estresse e ansiedade em crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas / Psychological preparation pre-surgical: stress and anxiety in children under the surgery

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que avaliou os efeitos da preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica sobre o estresse e a ansiedade de crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas, utilizando-se de três programas distintos de preparação e um grupo de controle. A pesquisa foi realizada com 80 participantes, divididos em quatro grupos, usuários de um Hospital infantil e utilizou-se a Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE-C). Realizaram-se três etapas distintas: a) aplicação da ESI e do IDATE-C antes da preparação para cirurgia, no dia anterior a mesma; b) a preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica; e c) a reaplicação da ESI e do IDATE-C, depois da preparação. Os resultados mostraram que há significativa redução do nível de estresse e da ansiedade, embora não tenha havido diferença estatística significativa quanto ao tipo de programa utilizado, seja vídeo, boneco ou informação. Discute-se as implicações práticas para o atendimento psicológico das crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e as limitações desta pesquisa. Conclui-se que o preparo psicológico pré-cirúrgico foi efetivo, independente da metodologia utilizada.

This article presents a study that evaluated the effects of the pre-surgical psychological preparation for the stress and anxiety of children undergoing elective surgery, using three different preparation programs and a control group. The research had a quantitative delineation, and made intra and inter-group comparisons. It was performed with 80 participants, divided into four groups, users of a Children's Hospital and used the Child Stress Scale (ESI) and the Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-C). There were three distinct steps: a) application of ESI and IDATE-C before preparation, the day before the surgery; b) the preparation itself, in groups submitted to different preparation programs; c) reapplying from STAI and ESI-C after preparation. The results showed that there is a significant reduction in the level of stress and anxiety after preparation, although there was no statistically significant difference in the type of program used. It is argued that there were practical implications for the psychological care of children in pre-surgical situation and limitations to consider when researching this area of pediatric psychology. We conclude that the preoperative psychological preparation is effective, regardless of the methodology used.

Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on surgical stress of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with pneumoconiosis / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intervention effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR) on surgical stress of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) in patients with pneumoconiosis. METHODS: A total of 102 patients with pneumoconiosis who undergoing selective BAL were randomly divided into control group and MBSR group with 51 cases in each group by a convenient sampling method. The patients in the control group received routine nursing, the MBSR group received 5 times of MBSR treatment. All patients were investigated using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Chinese Version Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS) before the first BAL and after the last BAL. RESULTS: Before the first BAL, the scores of SAS, SDS and CPSS in these two groups were compared and showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). After the last BAL, the scores of SAS, SDS and CPSS were lower in the MBSR group than that of the control group and the same group before the first BAL(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The MBSR could effectively reduce the pressure perception level of patients with pneumoconiosis who undergoing selective BAL, improve their anxiety and depression and promote the smooth implementation of BAL.

Clinical efficacy of vaginal repair for type Ⅱ cesarean scar pregnancy / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of vaginal hysterectomy and uterine scar repair in the treatment of type Ⅱ cesare-an scar pregnancy. Methods A total of 157 patients with type Ⅱ cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) admitted to our obstetrics and gynecology department of our hospital from July 2016 to July 2017 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into ultrasound curettage group (n =87) and vaginal repair group(n =70) according to different surgical methods. The surgical bleeding volume, operative time, hospital stay and human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) level before and after operation,the time of blood β-HCG returning to normal level,hemoglobin (HB) level before and after operation,menstrual recovery time,stress response, inflammatory response and surgical complications were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss volume, operative time and hospital slay in ultrasound curettage group were lower than those in vaginal repair group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05). The time of blood β-HCG returning to normal level in vaginal repair group after operation was shorter than that in ultrasound curettage group, the difference was significant (P ＜ 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the HB level between the two groups(P＞0.05). The menstrual recovery time in vaginal repair group was shorter than that in ultrasound curettage group,the difference was significant(P ＜0. 05). The levels of postoperative epinephrine (E) and Cortisol (Cor) in vaginal repair group after operation were lower than those in ultrasound curettage group, while the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was higher than that in ultrasound curettage group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in vaginal repair group after operation were lower than those in ultrasound curettage group while the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher than that in ultrasound curettage group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative complications in ultrasound curettage group was higher than that in vaginal repair group(P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Vaginal repair is more beneficial to shortern the time of blood β-HCG returning to normal level and menstrual recovery time, promote the inflammatory factor and hormone recovery to a normal level, and reduce the incidence of complication.

Efeitos de Preparações Psicológicas Pré-Cirúrgicas sobre o Estresse e a Ansiedade de Meninos e Meninas / Efectos de la preparación psicológica prequirúrgica sobre el estrés y la ansiedad en niños y niñas / Effects of pre-surgical psychological preparations on stress and anxiety in boys and girls

Resumo A preparação infantil para a cirurgia é foco de atenção da equipe de saúde pelo potencial traumático dos procedimentos cirúrgicos e por ser fonte de estresse e ansiedade na infância. O impacto de três preparações psicológicas pré-cirúrgicas sobre o estresse e a ansiedade de crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas foi avaliado. A amostra foi composta por 80 crianças de um hospital infantil, a qual foi dividida em dois blocos de 40 sujeitos de acordo com o sexo e alocados aleatoriamente num dos quatro grupos: controle, preparação por informações verbais, preparação por jogo com kit de preparação ou preparação por vídeo informativo. O estresse e a ansiedade foram mensurados por meio da Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) e do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (Idate-c). A intervenção foi implementada em três etapas distintas: (a) aplicação da ESI e do Idate-c antes da preparação, no dia anterior a cirurgia; (b) a preparação propriamente dita nos grupos submetidos aos diferentes programas de preparação, também no dia anterior, e (C) a reaplicação da ESI e do Idate-c no dia da cirurgia. Os dados foram analisados por meio de equações de regressão simultâneas, e as estimativas são apresentadas em termos de diferença média padronizada e erro-padrão. Os resultados permitem inferir que a preparação com o vídeo reduziu o estresse (Tvídeo1= -38 ± .18) e a ansiedade (Tvídeo2 = - .54 ± .27), especialmente entre os meninos (TvídeoM1 = - .66 ± .25; TvídeoM2 = - .71 ± .38). Implicações práticas para a preparação psicológica das crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e limitações da pesquisa são discutidas.

Resumen La preparación infantil para una cirugía es el centro de atención del equipo de salud debido al potencial traumático de los procedimientos quirúrgicos y debido a que es una fuente de estrés y ansiedad en la infancia. En la presente investigación se evaluó el impacto de tres formas de preparación psicológica prequirúrgica ante el estrés y la ansiedad de los niños sometidos a cirugía electiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por 80 niños de un hospital infantil, divididos en dos bloques de 40 sujetos según el sexo, y asignados al azar a uno de cuatro grupos: control, preparación a través de información verbal, preparación a través de juego con el kit de preparación, o preparación a través de video informativo. Se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Infantil (ESI) y el Inventario Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo para niños (STAIC) para medir el estrés y la ansiedad de los niños. La intervención se llevó a cabo en tres etapas distintas: (a) aplicación del ESI y el STAIC antes de la preparación, el día anterior a la cirugía; (b) preparación propiamente dicha en los grupos de los diferentes programas de preparación el día anterior; y (C) reaplicación del ESI-C y el STAIC el día de la cirugía. El análisis de los datos se hizo mediante ecuaciones de regresión simultáneas y las estimaciones se presentan por medio de la diferencia entre medias estandarizada y de la desviación estándar. Los resultados permiten inferir que la preparación con video redujo el estrés (Tvideo1 = -.38 ± .18) y la ansiedad (Tvideo2 = -.54 ± .27), especialmente en los niños (TvideoMl = -.66 ± .25; TvideoM2 = -.71 ± .38). Al final se discuten las implicaciones prácticas para la preparación psicológica de los niños en situación prequirúrgica y las limitaciones de la investigación.

Abstract Child preparation for surgery is a focus of attention of health teams due to the traumatic potential of surgical procedures and for being a source of stress and anxiety in childhood. The impact of three pre-surgical psychological preparations on stress and anxiety of children undergoing elective surgery were evaluated. The sample consisted of 80 children from a children's hospital, divided into two blocks of 40 subjects according to gender and randomly assigned to one of four groups: control, preparation by verbal information, preparation by game and preparation kit or preparation by informational video. Stress and anxiety were measured using the Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) (Child Stress Scale) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). The intervention was implemented in three distinct stages: a) application of ESI and STAIC before preparation, the day before surgery; b) actual preparation, in groups submitted to different preparation programs, also on the previous day; and c) reapplication of ESI and STAIC on the day of surgery. Data were analyzed using simultaneous regression equations, and estimates are presented in terms of standardized mean difference and standard error. Results allow to infer that preparation by video reduced stress (Tvideo1 = -0.38±0.18) and anxiety (Tvideo2 = -0.54±0.27), especially among boys (TvideoM1 = -0.66±0.25; TvideoM2 = -0.71±0.38). Practical implications for the psychological preparation of children in pre-surgical situations and the limitations of this study are discussed.

Frecuencia, severidad y ubicación de erupciones acneiformes en hombres y mujeres tras una cirugía ortognática: estudio descriptivo longitudinal / Frequency, severity and location of acneiform eruptions in men and women after orthognathic surgery: longitudinal descriptive study

Describir la frecuencia de erupciones acneiformes y/o exacerbaciones de un acné previo tras una cirugía ortognática. La muestra consta de 57 pacientes (n=57) de ambos sexos, sometidos a una cirugía ortognática, los cuales fueron evaluados en: el preoperatorio (0-7 días previos); en distintas etapas de la cirugía; postoperatorio inmediato (7 ­ 15 días post cirugía) y postoperatorio mediato (30 ­ 40 días postquirúrgicos). En todos los controles clínicos mencionados se determinó la presencia/ausencia, ubicación, severidad y diagnóstico de las erupciones acneiformes. El 52,6 % de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortognática presentaron erupciones acneiformes, siendo mayores en las mujeres en comparación con los hombres. La severidad de las erupciones acneiformes es mayor en el postoperatorio inmediato en comparación al preoperatorio y postoperatorio mediato. La ubicación más frecuente del acné corresponde a la región frontal, tanto en el preoperatorio (22,8 %) como en el postoperatorio inmediato (31,6 %). En el postoperatorio mediato la zona más frecuente es la geniana (39 %). La frecuencia de acné post cirugía ortognática es elevada, siendo mayor en mujeres que en hombres. La severidad de este acné es mayor en el postoperatorio inmediato. La región frontal corresponde a la zona más frecuente de aparición de las erupciones acneiformes en el postoperatorio inmediato y la zona geniana en el postoperatorio mediato. El diagnóstico de estas erupciones acneiformes corresponde a un acné esteroidal, por lo que se puede sugerir un posible plan de tratamiento, con el fin de mejorar el postoperatorio de las pacientes y evitar, en lo posible, futuras manifestaciones en nuevas pacientes sometidas a este tipo de cirugía.

Describe the frequency of acneiform eruptions and / or exacerbations of a previous acne after orthognathic surgery. The sample consisted of 57 patients (n = 57) of both genders, undergoing orthognathic surgery, who were evaluated with a follow-up of 2 postoperative months, at different stages of surgery; Preoperative (0-7 days), immediate postoperative (7-15 days) and mediate postoperative (30-40 days). The presence / absence, location, severity and diagnosis of acneiform eruptions were determined in all clinical controls. The frequency of acneiform eruptions corresponds to 52.6 % of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, being higher in women compared to men in relation to the presence of acneiform eruptions and / or exacerbations of a previous acne after the intervention. The severity of acneiform eruptions is greater in the immediate postoperative period compared to the preoperative and mediate postoperative period. The most frequent location to be found in the facial region is in the frontal area, both in the preoperative (22.8 %) and in the immediate postoperative period (31.6 %). In the postoperative period, the most frequent is the genial area (39 %). The appearance of acneiform eruptions corresponds to steroidal acne. The frequency of acne post orthognathic surgery is high, being higher in women than in men. The severity of this acne is greater in the immediate postoperative period. The frontal region corresponds to the most frequent area of onset of acneiform eruptions in the immediate postoperative period and the genial area in the postoperative period. The diagnosis of these acneiform eruptions corresponds to a steroidal acne, so it is possible to suggest a possible treatment plan, in order to improve the postoperative of the patients and to avoid, as far as possible, future manifestations in new patients undergoing this type of surgery.

Perioperative administration of propranolol to women undergoing ovarian cancer surgery: A pilot study

OBJECTIVE: This study was done to evaluate whether perioperative propranolol (ß-blocker) in ovarian cancer patients undergoing debulking surgery reduced perioperative tumor growth induced by surgical stress. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized single institution analysis. The primary objective was to compare the changes in CA 125 level (changes between preoperation day 2 and postoperative day 7). As a study arm, patients received a low dose of propranolol 40 mg/day (4×10 mg) starting two days before surgery and 40 mg twice daily for three days following surgery. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were enrolled and 16 were evaluable for efficacy. The drug was well tolerated. The mean decrease of CA 125 during the seven perioperative days was 83.1±8.9% in the propranolol group and 72.4±14.7% in the placebo group. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.044). The change of C-reactive protein, cortisol, and anxiety score (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X1) were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This preliminary result is the first to directly test the role of perioperative propranolol on tumor growth. Even with the small sample size and short term use of the drug, perioperative propranolol was effective in reducing tumor burden (as measured by CA 125) suggesting its potential benefits in decreasing perioperative tumor growth.

Application of anatomic segmental hepatectomy in treatment of left hepatolithus / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of anatomic segmental hepatectomy in treatment of left hepatolithus.Methods The 80 patients with left hepatolithuswere divided into the control group (n =40)and the observation group (n =40)in accordance with dif-ferent surgical methods,and they were given traditional surgery and precise pedicle anatomic segmental hepatectomy respectively.Operation index levels,postoperative complications and stress reaction levels before and after surgery of the two groups were compared.Results The blood loss,operative time,the time of drainage tube remove,time of analgesic drug use,and postoperative hospital stay of the observation group were significantly less than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05).During the surgery,epinephrine,cortisol,IL-6 and CRP levels of patients decreased after a slight increase, while NK cell levels of patients decreased firstly and then increased.There were statistically significant differences in trems of the above inde-xes immediately after surgery to 24 hours after surgery (P <0.05),and the rangeability of the observation group was less than the control group (P <0.05).Until 48 hours after surgery the above indexes recovered to the preoperative level.Followed up for 3 to 24 months,the calculi recurrence rate and abdominal ache recurrence rate of the observation group were lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion Precise pedicle anatomic segmental hepatectomy applied in the treatment of left hepatolithus showed makedly curative effect,and it has little effect on the stress response of patients.

Value of estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress in prediction of operative risk of hip fracture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To use estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E-PASS) to assay operative risks in patients with hip fracture and to discuss its application value.Methods Sixtyfour patients with hip fractures were subjected to the retrospective review.There were 38 males and 26 females,at mean age of 54.3 years (range,19-84 years).The operative risk was assayed by E-PASS and postoperative complications as well as case fatality were detected and compared.Results Postoperative complications developed in 16 patients (25％).E-PASS score was significantly higher for the patients with postoperative complications than in those without [(0.64 ± 0.31) points vs (0.22 ± 0.31) points,P ＜ 0.05].Incidence of complications was significantly lower for patients with a E-PASS score ＜ 0.6 than for those with a E-PASS score ＞ 0.6 (19％ vs 50％,P ＜ 0.01).There were 2 deaths among 16 patients with a E-PASS score ＞ 0.6.The remaining 48 patients with a E-PASS score ＜ 0.6 obtained satisfactory recovery.Conclusion E-PASS is effective for predicting operative risk and is instructive for surgery decision in treatment of hip fractures.

Effect of surgical stress on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from healthy sections of colon and rectum of patients with colorectal cancer.

Surgical resection at any location in the body leads to stress response with cellular and subcellular change, leading to tissue damage. The intestine is extremely sensitive to surgical stress with consequent postoperative complications. It has been suggested that the increase of reactive oxygen species as subcellular changes plays an important role in this process. This article focuses on the effect of surgical stress on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from healthy sections of colon and rectum of patients with colorectal cancer. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, mitochondrial common deletion and nuclear and mitochondrial 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine content were measured. Both the colon and rectal tissue were significantly damaged either at the nuclear or mitochondrial level. In particular, mitochondrial DNA was more damaged in rectum than in colon. The present investigation found an association between surgical stress and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage, suggesting that surgery may generate an increase in free radicals, which trigger a cascade of molecular changes, including alterations in DNA.

Preparação psicológica e o estresse de crianças submetidas a cirurgias / Psychological preparation and stress of children undergoing surgery / Preparación psicológica y el estrés de los niños sometidos a cirugía

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa que avaliou os efeitos da preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica sobre o estresse de crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas em que foram utilizados dois programas distintos de preparação. A pesquisa foi realizada com 30 participantes, divididos em dois grupos, usuários de um hospital infantil, e nela utilizou-se a Escala de Estresse Infantil (ESI). A pesquisa compreendeu três etapas distintas: a) aplicação da ESI antes da preparação, no dia anterior à cirurgia; b) a preparação propriamente dita, sendo ambos os grupos submetidos aos diferentes programas de preparação; e c) a reaplicação da ESI, depois da preparação. Os resultados mostraram que há significativa redução do nível de estresse depois da preparação, embora não tenha havido diferença significativa quanto ao tipo de programa utilizado. Há implicações práticas no atendimento psicológico das crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e limitações a serem consideradas quando se pesquisa esta área da psicologia pediátrica.

This paper aims to present a study that assessed the effects of psychological preparation on pre-surgical stress in children undergoing elective surgery, using two separate programs of preparation. The research was conducted with 30 participants, divided into two groups, users of a children's hospital and it used the Child Stress Scale (ESI). There were three distinct stages: a) Implementation of ESI before preparation, the day before the surgery, b) the preparation itself, in both groups submitted to different programs of preparation, and c) a reapplication of ESI, after preparation. The results showed that significant reduction in the level of stress after preparation, although there was no significant difference on the type of program used. There are practical implications for the psychological attendance of children in pre-surgical situation and limitations to consider when researching this area of pediatric psychology.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un estudio que evaluó los efectos de la preparación psicológica pre-quirúrgica sobre el estrés en niños sometidos a cirugía electiva, con dos programas de preparación. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 30 participantes, divididos en dos grupos, los usuarios de un hospital de niños y se utiliza la Escala de Estrés infantil (ESI). Hubo tres fases distintas: a) Aplicación de ESI antes de la preparación, el día antes de la cirugía, b) la preparación en sí, en ambos grupos presentaron a diferentes programas de preparación, y c) una reaplicación de ESI, después de la preparación. Los resultados mostraron que la reducción significativa en el nivel de estrés después de la preparación, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas en el tipo de programa utilizado. Hay implicaciones prácticas para la situación psicológica de los niños en pre-quirúrgicos y las limitaciones a considerar en la investigación de esta área de la psicología pediátrica.

Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress as a prediction scoring system for colonic surgery / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To evaluate physiologic ability and surgical stress (E-PASS) for predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective colonic surgery. Methods The clinical data of 158 patients with colonic cancer who were admitted to the West China Hospital from August to October, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. E-PASS was applied to evaluate the surgical risk. Three indexes of the E-PASS system,including preoperative risk score (PRS), surgical stress score (SSS) and comprehensive risk score (CRS) were compared with actual postoperative outcomes. Correlation between PRS, SSS, CRS and postoperative risks was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results Of the 158 patients, 27( 17.1% ) had postoperative complications, and the predictive value was 19.4% ± 2.0% according to the E-PASS. Dukes stages, physical performance indexes, severe heart disease, severe pneumonia disease, length of operation time were correlated with the incidence of complications (r = 0. 193, 0. 410, 0. 183, 0. 174, 0. 198, P ＜ 0.05). PRS, CRS and SSS had good predictive effect on postoperative risks (r = 0. 299, 0. 349, 0. 183, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions E-PASS system is a relatively simple, fast and user friendly tool for predicting the risk of short-term postoperative complications.

Effect of surgical stress on neutrophil function.

The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of surgical stress on nonspecific immune response. Twenty patients posted for various elective surgeries participated in the study (male : 17, female : 3, age : 43.4±2 yrs). The blood samples were taken preoperatively (4 to 6 days prior to surgery) and the following parameters were assessed: phagocytic index of neutrophils, avidity index of neutrophils and percentage of neutrophils in differential count. These were compared with the respective parameters assessed in the blood samples taken 24 hours after surgery. There was a significant (P=0.0001) decrease in the phagocytic index of neutrophil and a significant (P=0.003) increase in the percentage of neutrophils in differential count in the postoperative blood samples. However, the avidity index did not show a significant change. It could be tentatively concluded that surgical stress causes depression of nonspecific immunity in the early postoperative period.

Impacto del traaamiento nutricional en paciente tributarios de cirugia toraco abdominal: informe preliminar / The impact from the suitable nutritional treatment to the undernourished surgical patients

En el estrés quirúrgico, las necesidades de nutrimentos básicos se incrementan, por lo que en un paciente con desnutrición energético nutrimental, aumentan las complicaciones como la sepsis, el retraso en la cicatrización de las heridas, la dehiscencia en las suturas, y otras, lo que empeora el pronóstico.2, 3 Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto del tratamiento nutricional indicado a los pacientes quirúrgicos desnutridos, valorar las complicaciones y la estadía hospitalaria en los pacientes del grupo estudio y control. Método: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes ingresados en las salas de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García", en dos grupos: casos y controles. Se realizó tratamiento nutricionalperioperatorio a los pacientes desnutridos del grupo de estudio y a los del grupo control se les dejó con el tratamiento tradicional. Se obtuvo estadística descriptiva de todas las variables cuantitativas. Se aplicó test de chi cuadrado para determinar asociación entre variables y se compararon las medidas antropométricas antes y después del apoyo nutricional, mediante el estadígrafo de la prueba t de Student. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes del grupo de casos mejoraron significativamente su estado nutricional preoperatorio y tuvieron menos complicaciones que los pacientes del grupo control. Es de gran importancia que se mejore el estado nutricional de los pacientes que van a ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente, para reducir las complicaciones y alcanzar una más rápida recuperación en los pacientes quirúrgicos.

In the surgical stress the necessities of basic nutriments are increased. In a patient with malnutrition energy nutrimental, they increase the complications like the sepsis, the delay in the scaring of the wounds, the dehiscencia in the sutures, and other, what worsens the presage. Objectives: To evaluate the impact from the suitable nutritional treatment to the undernourished surgical patients, to value the complications and the hospital demurrage in the patients of the group study and control. Method: 50 patients were studied entered in the rooms of Surgery of the General University" Hospital Calixto García", in two groups: cases and controls. Was carried out treatment nutritional perioperatorio to the undernourished patients of the study group and those of the group control they were left with the traditional treatment. Descriptive statistic of all the quantitative variables was obtained. Test of square chi was applied to determine association among variables and the measures antropométricas were compared before and after the nutritional support by means of the statistician of the test t of Student. Summations: The most of patients of the group of cases improved their preoperative nutritional state significantly and they had less complications that the patients of the group control. It is of great importance that improves the nutritional state of the patients that will be intervened surgically, to reduce the complications and a quicker recovery is reached in the surgical patients.

Application of Fast-Track Surgery and Laparoscopy in Treatment for Colorectal Cancer / 中国普外基础与临床杂志

Objective To explore the variation about the application of fast-track surgery and laparoscopy in treatment for colorectal cancer in recent years.To investigate the probability of combining protocols of the two for treatment for colorectal cancer.Methods The clinical and basic literatures of related researches about colorectal treatment of laparoscopy and fast-track surgery were collected and reviewed.Results Compared with the traditional treatment modalities,both of fast-track surgery and laparoscopy used for the treatment of colorectal cancer have better clinical effects.Conclusions Fast-track surgery and laparoscopic techniques used for the treatment of colorectal cancer are feasible,but the combination of the two should be confirmed by further randomized controlled trials.

Effects of three procedures for benign prostatic hyperplasia on stress responses:A comparison study / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of three procedures for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on neuroendocrine and immune responses and its clinical significance. Methods Patients were divided into three groups with 20 patients in each group: the Group Ⅰreceived the transuretheral resection of prostate (TURP), the Group Ⅱ received the suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy (SPP) and the Group Ⅲ underwent the retropubic prevesical prostatectomy (RPP). The pre- and post- operative serum concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cortisol as well as changes of T-cell subgroups in the three groups were analyzed , respectively. Results Serum IL-6 concentrations remarkably increased at the third postoperative hour in patients of all the three groups, but those in Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in Group Ⅰ( P 0 05). The ratio of CD 4 +/CD 8 + decreased markedly on the second postoperative day in Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ ( P

The Effect of Surgical Stress on Insulin Resistance in Rats / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that surgical stress increased insulin resistance in human. However, there was no research about insulin resistance induced by surgical sttess in Korea. Catheters needed to be inserted in carotid artery and jugular vein of male Sprague Dawley rats to perform euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp procedures. The insertion of catheters in rats is a major surgery, which may increase insulin resistance. The purpose of the study is to determine whether surgical stress influence the insulin resistance. METHODS: The euglycemic hyperinsulinemie clamp procedures were performed 5 hours and 7 days after insertion of catheter in carotid artery and jugular vein. A continuous intravenous infusion of insulin was started at a rate of 12 mU/kg/minute and continued for 2 hours. Twenty-five percent glucose solution was infused through the venous line at a various rate to maintain blood glucose at 5.0-5.6 mmol/L and calculated the glucose disposal rate. Blood was collected from arterious line every 5 minutes and measured serum glucose and insulin levels. RESULTS: Prior to the clamp procedures, serum glucose levels of 5 hours and 7 days after catheter insertion were 29.8 +/- 9.8 and 7.8 +/- 0.9mmol/L, respectively. However, basal serum insulin levels were not different between 5 hours and 7 days after surgery. The glucose disposal rates were remarkably higher in rats who recovered from the surgery (22.0 +/- 7.8 mg/kg/minute) than those who did not (2.2 +/- 2.7 mg/kg/minute). Thus, surgical stress increased insulin resistance in male Sprague Dawley rats. CONCLUSION: Since surgery of catheter insertion increased insulin resistance about 10 times, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study should be performed in rats who completely recovered from the surgical stress.