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Objective:To understand the status of synthetic drug use， high-risk sexual behavior and associated factors among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Shanghai. Methods:MSM subjects were recruited， by a team of non-governmental organizations （NGO）， at MSM places and voluntary counseling and testing clinics from May to December 2018. The subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire survey on social-demographic， ways to make friends， synthetic drug use， high-risk sexual behavior， and HIV/STD testing history. They also received tests of HIV and syphilis. According to the use of synthetic drugs， they were divided into user group and non-user group. Results:A total of 209 subjects were recruited. Among them， 43.1% （90/209） used at least one synthetic drug. 81.3% （170/209） of MSM used internet dating software. The proportion of synthetic drug use was higher among the subjects in 30-34 age group， residence registered in other provinces， with university degree or above， occupation of cadres and staff members， monthly income of more than 10 000 yuan， making friends through gay bars， and acquaintance with male partners. The registered residence in other provinces （OR=3.006） and making friends through gay bars （OR=3.588） were independent factors. The top three synthetic drugs were Rush （90.0%， 81/90）， Viagra （8.9%， 8/90） and “capsule 0” （7.8%， 7/90）. The proportion of having sex after using synthetic drugs was 89.5% （17/19）. The frequency of high-risk sexual behaviors such as oral sex， anal sex without condom and group sex was once a day per person on average. Conclusion:The use of synthetic drugs is prevalent among MSM， and the frequency of high-risk sexual behaviors after use is high. Warning education on the dangers of synthetic drug use and mobilization for HIV testing should be carried out with the help of new media technology. Special attention should be paid to MSM people in high-income occupations and gay bars.
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Objective To investigate the mental health status of the synthetic drug addicts and explore the characteristic changes of mental health and related factors. Methods Totally 182 synthetic drug addicts were recruited as research subjects by the cross-sectional study. We used the general situation questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Adult Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) to explore the effects of demographic sociology indicators, clinical indicators, personality characteristics, and coping styles on psychological health among the synthetic drug addicts. Results The total scores and each dimension of SCL-90 in synthetic drug addicts were significantly higher than domestic norm (P<0.05). Main influencing factors of the mental health in synthetic drug addicts were gender (t=-3.70, P<0.01), monthly salary (t=3.28, P<0.01), duration of using synthetic drug (t=3.03, P<0.01), detoxification times (t=2.66, P<0.01), personality characteristics (t=5.00-13.89, P<0.01) and coping styles (t=-8.80-8.75, P<0.01). Conclusion The synthetic drug addicts have poor mental health and obvious psychological problems, which are related to gender, monthly salary, duration of using synthetic drug, detoxification times, personality characteristics and coping styles.
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Objective@#To investigate the mental health status of the synthetic drug addicts and explore the characteristic changes of mental health and related factors.@*Methods@#Totally 182 synthetic drug addicts were recruited as research subjects by the cross-sectional study. We used the general situation questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Adult Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) to explore the effects of demographic sociology indicators, clinical indicators, personality characteristics, and coping styles on psychological health among the synthetic drug addicts.@*Results@#The total scores and each dimension of SCL-90 in synthetic drug addicts were significantly higher than domestic norm (P<0.05). Main influencing factors of the mental health in synthetic drug addicts were gender (t=-3.70, P<0.01), monthly salary (t=3.28, P<0.01), duration of using synthetic drug (t=3.03, P<0.01), detoxification times (t=2.66, P<0.01), personality characteristics (t=5.00-13.89, P<0.01) and coping styles (t=-8.80-8.75, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The synthetic drug addicts have poor mental health and obvious psychological problems, which are related to gender, monthly salary, duration of using synthetic drug, detoxification times, personality characteristics and coping styles.
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Objective This study aimed to analyze the behavior change and related factors regarding HIV/STD epidemics among female sex workers (FSWs) in Qingdao city.Methods According to the requirements set by the "National HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance program",information on demographics,sexual and drug use behaviors,and HIV-related services among female sex workers (FSWs) was collected from ten consecutive annual cross-sectional surveys from 2006 to 2015.Blood samples were drawn for serological tests on both HIV and syphilis antibodies.Results Data from the sampled FSWs over the ten years,a higher proportion of participants who were aged 30 or more,married or cohabited and on-call FSW were followed.The prevalence of syphilis increased significantly from 1.0％ (4/420) in 2006 to 13.3％ (53/400) in 2015 (trendx2=54.22,P＜0.001).Rates on illicit drug use were ranging from 12.0％ (48/400) and 55.5％ (222/400) while the rate on consistent condom use with clients in the last month showed decreasing,with trendx2=170.62,P＜0.001.The proportion of HIV-related knowledge score ≥ 6 (trend x2 =152.96,P＜ 0.001),or ever been tested for HIV (trendx2=114.87,P＜0.001) were both significantly increased over the last ten years.Between 2009 and 2015,results from the annual stratified analysis showed that the FSWs who used drugs were more likely than the FSWs who were non-drug users less consistently using condoms with clients in last month and being syphilis positive (P＜0.05).On-call FSWs were more likely to be syphilis positive (P＜0.05) than the non on-call FSWs.Conclusions The prevalence of syphilis among FSWs in Qingdao city had been rising over the last ten years,with synthetic drug abuse as an important risk factor.Better targeted surveillance and intervention efforts among those drug-using FSWs seemed important to reduce the epidemics.
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Objective This study aimed to analyze the behavior change and related factors regarding HIV/STD epidemics among female sex workers (FSWs) in Qingdao city.Methods According to the requirements set by the "National HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance program",information on demographics,sexual and drug use behaviors,and HIV-related services among female sex workers (FSWs) was collected from ten consecutive annual cross-sectional surveys from 2006 to 2015.Blood samples were drawn for serological tests on both HIV and syphilis antibodies.Results Data from the sampled FSWs over the ten years,a higher proportion of participants who were aged 30 or more,married or cohabited and on-call FSW were followed.The prevalence of syphilis increased significantly from 1.0％ (4/420) in 2006 to 13.3％ (53/400) in 2015 (trendx2=54.22,P＜0.001).Rates on illicit drug use were ranging from 12.0％ (48/400) and 55.5％ (222/400) while the rate on consistent condom use with clients in the last month showed decreasing,with trendx2=170.62,P＜0.001.The proportion of HIV-related knowledge score ≥ 6 (trend x2 =152.96,P＜ 0.001),or ever been tested for HIV (trendx2=114.87,P＜0.001) were both significantly increased over the last ten years.Between 2009 and 2015,results from the annual stratified analysis showed that the FSWs who used drugs were more likely than the FSWs who were non-drug users less consistently using condoms with clients in last month and being syphilis positive (P＜0.05).On-call FSWs were more likely to be syphilis positive (P＜0.05) than the non on-call FSWs.Conclusions The prevalence of syphilis among FSWs in Qingdao city had been rising over the last ten years,with synthetic drug abuse as an important risk factor.Better targeted surveillance and intervention efforts among those drug-using FSWs seemed important to reduce the epidemics.
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Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of high risk sexual behaviors and HIV infectious status among men who have sex with men (MSM) who use drugs in Tianjin in 2016.@*Methods@#From April to December in 2016, MSM who use drugs in Tianjin were targetedly and extensively mobilized to receive testing by snowball sampling method. The inclusion criteria were as follows: men aged 18 years old and above; have had oral or anal sex with men in the last 6 months; have had drug abuse history in the last 6 months, including the use of rush poppers, 5-Methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT), and Methamphetamine Synthesis substances; and with no mental disorder or mental deficiency. In this study, 302 MSMs were recruited to collect information of social demographic characteristics, drug abuse situation, sexual behavior after drug use, HIV test and the infectious status was collected through the online questionnaire, and the descriptive analysis was conducted.@*Results@#From January to December 2016, a total of 302 subjects were recruited, among whom 194 (64.2%) aged 21-30 years old, 223 (73.8%) were unmarried and 28 (9.3%) were students. In the past 6 months, 297 (98.3%) used rush poppers, 31 (10.3%) used 5-MeO-DiPT, and 14(4.6%) used Methamphetamine Synthesis substances. The proportion of having sex after using the three types of drugs were 87.9% (n=261), 83.9% (n=26) and 92.9% (n=13), 85.5% (n=254), 87.1% (n=27) and 92.9% (n=13) of the subjects reported the sexual pleasure and sexual desire increased after using drugs, respectively. After using the three types of the drugs,58.6% (n=174), 83.9% (n=26) and 92.9% (n=13) of the subjects reported the duration of each sexual activity prolonged. In the past 3 months,48.3% (n=146) had stable sexual partners, 72.5% (n=219) had temporary sexual partners and 12.3% (n=37) had group sexual behaviors. 41 out of 302 subjects were HIV positive with the HIV positive rate at 13.6%.@*Conclusion@#Most of the MSM who use drugs were young, and always had sex when they use drugs. There is a relatively high HIV prevalence in this population.