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The training effects of experimental courses determine the practical abilities of undergraduate students. Therefore, it is essential to establish a comprehensive experimental course system that adapts to the undergraduate education of environmental science. Here, we introduce the "basic-specialized-comprehensive" experimental course system of Xiamen University, which is established following the principles of being systematic, comprehensive, and modular. To establish this course system, we first increased the investment of lab facilities and enhanced the management of student labs. Then, we improved the contexts of teaching and training according to the requirements of industry and society. Showing how this course system is developed stepwise and the training effects of this system, we hope to provide a reference for the experimental courses of environmental science in colleges and universities.
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Humanos , Currículo , Ciência Ambiental , Estudantes , UniversidadesRESUMO
@#Objective To investigate the rehabilitation needs and technical support for people with disabilities in rural areas. Methods From October, 2017 to February, 2018, 800 persons with disabilities, aged five to 80 years, from 23 villages in five township, Xi'an, Shaanxi, were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire and interview, including the basic situation, disability and training plan, rehabilitation support and skills maintained. Results The persons were mainly aged 50 to 80 years (58.37%), male (65.37%), accepting middle school education or less (46.63%), married (70.63%), living with their family (77.38%), income less than 2000 Yuan (66%), mainly from their family labor (62.62%). Their disabilities were mainly of grade 3 (40.63%), from hemiplegia (30.63%), dependence in living (45.38%), and no systematic rehabilitation program (55.25%). Most of them needed rehabilitation of self-care (40%), accessible guidance (30.63%) and reimbursement from medicare of Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (50.63%), and hoped to participate social activities (41.87%). The rehabilitation supports were as that: the rehabilitation services were mobile or none (67.58%), the guiders of rehabilitation were few or none (48.88%), knew some or less rehabilitation knowledge (64.25%), the professionals accepted no continue education training (40%).Conclusion It is important to improve the rehabilitation technical support system for rural people with disabilities.
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Objective With the encouragement of Shenzhen government and medical institutions,the investment in clinical research projects is keep increasing,it is urgent to explore the construction of a well-functioning and effective clinical research technical support and supervision system.Methods The unmet needs were obtained and identified by survey and interview at first.The work plan has been made on the basis of the requirements and followed to building the infrastructure.Results The recent actions and achievements for setting up the support and supervision infrastructure have been listed in summary:(1) the government initiated the construction of support system and technical platform for clinical research;(2) set up multiple levels biomedical ethical review board in Shenzhen;(3) conduct comprehensive trainings for clinical research investigators.Conclusions To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of conducting clinical research in Shenzhen,through the systematic planning and top-level design from the government,establish a multidimensional talent training system and construct the technical platform to ensure the sustainable development of clinical research.
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Objective To develop a medical technical support module and box-type medical technical equipment so as to supply medical oxygen and water for the tent-form field medical system at field conditions.Methods The medical technical support module had its service orientation analyzed to determine its functional requirements and technical indexes, which involved in PSA oxygen generation technology with variable frequency,constant pressure and self-adaptability to altitudes as well as medical water preparation technology by integrated membrane separation. Box-type modules for medical oxygen generation and medial water preparation were trial-produced with the mode of integrated box and instruments as well as high-density polyethylene as the box material.Results The oxygen production was 1.3 Nm3/h,and the oxygen concentration was 92.7%.The flow volume of cleaning water and purified water was 433.7 and 37.2 L/h respectively at 25℃,and the water quality accorded with the relevant water quality indexes of GB 5749—2006 and the national pharmacopoeia(2010 edition). Conclusion This set of medical equipment can meet the design requirements and can effectively guarantee the medical oxygen and medical water needed for medical treatmentin field tent hospital under field conditions. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):7-11]
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O início da prática clínica na psicologia é vivido pela jovem terapeuta como um grande desafio. Envolve sentimentos de esperança, de medo, de incerteza, dentre outros. Esses sentimentos advêm da difícil tarefa de não pular etapas nesse processo, de ter paciência para obter formação teórica, metodológica e pessoal, e, ainda, de ir além da teoria estudada, em um espaço em que as respostas não são tão óbvias. Tornar-se terapeuta é um caminho solitário em que é preciso, também, buscar respostas em si mesma, tanto nos questionamentos que surgem em sua vida pessoal quanto nos relativos à profissão. A pessoa que escolhe ser terapeuta precisa entender que terapia é uma expressão que significa cuidado, tratamento e cura. Cuidar implica consideração, interesse, atenção, solicitude, zelo, preocupação, atitudes comuns nas terapeutas iniciantes em sua relação com os clientes, mas raras quando se referem a elas mesmas. Para tanto, a jovem terapeuta precisa estar disponível para o encontro, o contato, condição que se faz imprescindível na relação terapêutica e, ao mesmo tempo, ela deve cuidar de si própria. O objetivo dessa carta é, de alguma maneira, mostrar que a pessoa precisa começar a realizar atendimentos, mesmo que ainda não se sinta totalmente pronta para tal empreitada. A vontade e a disposição para atender, além de toda a teoria estudada, com certeza, a capacitará para iniciar essa atividade...
The onset of clinical practice in psychology is experienced by young therapist as a major challenge. It involves feelings of hope, fear and uncertainty, among others. These feelings stem from the difficult task of not skipping steps in the process, having patience for theoretical, methodological and personal, and also going beyond the theory studied in an area where answers are not so obvious. Becoming a therapist is a lonely path in which we must also seek answers in ourselves for the questions that arise in our personal lives and also in governing the profession. The person who chooses to be a therapist needs to understand that therapy is an expression that means care, treatment and cure. Caring involves consideration, interest, attention, and concern, common attitudes among therapists in their relationship with patients, but rare when referring to themselves. For this reason the young therapist must be available for the meeting and the contact, a condition which is indispensable in the therapeutic relationship and, at the same time, she should take care of herself. The purpose of this letter is, in some way, to show that one must begin to make calls even if it does not feel quite ready for such an undertaking. The desire and willingness to serve, along with all the theory previously studied, will certainly enable her to initiate this activity...
El inicio de la práctica clínica en la psicología es vivido por la joven terapeuta como un gran desafío. Envuelve sentimientos de esperanza, de miedo, de incertidumbre, entre otros. Esos sentimientos vienen de la difícil tarea de no saltar etapas en ese proceso, de tener paciencia para obtener información teórica, metodológica y personal, y aún ir más allá de la teoría estudiada, en un espacio en que las respuestas no son tan obvias. Convertirse terapeuta es un camino solitario, en que es necesario también, buscar respuestas en si misma, tanto en los cuestionamientos que surgen en su vida personal como en los relativos a la profesión. La persona que escoge ser terapeuta necesita entender que terapia es una expresión que significa cuidado, tratamiento y cura. Cuidar implica consideración, interés, atención, solicitud, celo, preocupación, actitudes comunes en las terapeutas iniciantes en su relación con los clientes, pero raras cuando se refieren a ellas mismas. Por tanto la joven terapeuta necesita estar disponible para los encuentros, el contacto, condición que se hace imprescindible en la relación terapéutica y, al mismo tiempo, ella debe cuidar de si misma. El objetivo de esta carta es, de alguna forma, mostrar, que la persona necesita comenzar a realizar atendimientos, aunque no se sienta totalmente lista para tal tarea. El deseo y la disposición para atender, además de toda la teoría estudiada, con seguridad, la capacitará para iniciar esa actividad...
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Aconselhamento , Aspirações Psicológicas , Prática Profissional , PsicoterapiaRESUMO
Objective To know the academic background of the researchers granted by state elevenfive programs in population and health.Methods Using the BibliometriCS the obtained data were analyzed statistically.Result The 135 prineiole investigators(PIs)totally published 5154 papers.47.42% of them were published in high level Journals and the universities and institutes accounted for 90% of 5154 published papers together.The first three authors for the PIs in the papers were relatively higher than nonPIs.The percentage of discipline compatibility between published papers and the projeets reached 91.05%.Conclusions The result of bibliometrics analysis indicated that most projeet PIs had a solid research background and high academic influence in their careers.
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The design experiment carrying out requests higher demands for the technical preparations work.How to do the technical support work well in large-scale design experiments is a worth exploring question.The author accumulates some experiences and appreciates from experience according to design experiment practice carried out in several underrates,hoping to exchange ideas with the peers.
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This study was to evaluate the effect of technical support in terms of providing training on integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) to commune health centers of Quynh Phu district and Hung Ha district of Thai Binh province. The results of a comparison between the baseline survey in 2002 and the follow-up survey in 2004 showed that case management of health workers in 2 districts had improved significantly and were more comprehensive in terms of assessment, classification, treatment and counseling mothers. The proportion of correct assessment of cases on general danger signs increased by 47.5%. The proportion of correct assessment of cases on main symptoms (cough, diarrhea and fever) increased by 63.4%, on the correct classification of cases increased by 72,5% and the correct drug use increased by 46.7%. Th proportion of caregivers/mothers received proper advice on drug use, proper feeding and follow-up increased by 43.5%, 34.9% and 41.1%, respectively
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Criança , Saúde , EpidemiologiaRESUMO
Bac Can Centre of Preventive Health has not established the required departments as set forth in decision numbered 2468/1999/QD-BYT yet. There was a shortage of specialized staff, in terms of the number and quality. Moreover, the center' facilities and equipment have not been as proper as its functions. The centers' capacity has concentrated on the scope of epidemic control, health program management, and information technology application. Technical support will be provided with the mode of hand-on-practice for certain subjects
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SaúdeRESUMO
The actual condition of executing technical security of medical equipment in 5.12 Wenchuan serious earth-quake disaster was summarized, and the occurring problem of emergency technical security of medical equipment are ana-lyzed so as to provide useful reference and countermeasure of affairs.