Television Viewing Time and Breast Cancer Incidence for Japanese Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: The JACC Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The evidence on effects of TV viewing time among premenopausal and postmenopausal women for breast cancer risk remains controversial and limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study encompassing 33,276 (17,568 premenopausal, and 15,708 postmenopausal) women aged 40-79 years in whom TV viewing time, menstrual, and reproductive histories were determined by a self-administered questionnaire. The follow-up was from 1988 to 2009 and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer incidence were calculated for longer TV viewing time in reference to shorter TV viewing time by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: During 16.8-year median follow-up, we found positive associations between TV viewing time and breast cancer incidence with a borderline significant trend among total women and a significant trend among postmenopausal women. Among total women, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) for risk of breast cancer in reference to < 1.5 hr/day of TV viewing time were 0.89 (0.59-1.34) for 1.5 to < 3.0 hr/day, 1.19 (0.82-1.74) for 3.0 to < 4.5 hr/day, and 1.45 (0.91-2.32) for ≥ 4.5 hr/day (p for trend=0.053) and among postmenopausal women, the corresponding risk estimates were 1.10 (0.42-2.88), 2.54 (1.11-5.80), and 2.37 (0.92-6.10) (p for trend=0.009), respectively. CONCLUSION: Prolonged TV viewing time was associated with increased risk of breast cancer, especially among postmenopausal women.

The Relationship between TV Viewing and Food Intake and BMI in Preschool Children.

Background: Considerable attention is currently being paid to childhood nutrition. Mass media, particularly television (TV), is believed to largely contribute to eating habits and Body mass index (BMI). This study was carried out to identify the relation between tendency towards TV viewing and its influence on children with food intake and BMI in pre-school kids. Methodology: The survey was conducted using a cross-sectional design, in which 114 children aged 2-6 yrs from 11 selected nursery schools were included. Regarding data collection related to TV viewing rate and influence rate of TV viewing from parents' viewpoint, a valid and reliable questionnaire was used. To collect data about children's diets intake, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. Face-to-face meetings and interviews with the parents were held. Height and weights of children were measured using a measuring tape and a digital weight scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tests by SPSS software. Results: It turned out that consumption rate of some food groups including meats & alternatives (p=0.008), sugars (p=0.013) and snacks & desserts (p=0.011) were higher in children who spend more time watching TV. In addition, Intake of cereals and breads appeared to be higher in children with strong desire for TV food ads (p=0.019). It was also revealed that influence rate of TV viewing and fats intake were positively correlated (p=0.017). No significant relationship was revealed between TV viewing rate and BMI in children Conclusion: It can be concluded that tendency of preschool children to TV is positively related with some food groups intake and consumption of low nutritional-value foods.

The association of TV viewing time and moderate to vigorous physical activity with overweight/obesity among japanese municipal office workers / 体力科学

Previous studies showed associations of sedentary behavior with cardiovascular risks, independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. However, few studies have focused on Japanese workers. This study examined the joint association of television viewing time (TV) and walking time (WT) with overweight/obesity among Japanese municipal office workers. A cross-sectional survey collected height, weight, and time spent in TV and WT from 2,175 Japanese workers, aged 22-62 years-old, by self-administered questionnaire. Participants were classified into four categories according to TV (dichotomized into long (>2 hours/day) and short (≤2 hours/day) by the median) and WT (dichotomized into long (≥30 minutes/day) and short (<30 minutes/day) by 30 minutes/day). Odds ratios (OR) for overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25kg/m²) were calculated according to the four TV/WT categories, adjusted for potential confounders. Overweight/obesity accounted for 30.5% of men and 15.3% of women. Among men, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) of overweight/obesity were 1.14 (0.76, 1.70) for long TV/long WT, 1.13 (0.77, 1.65) for short TV/short WT, and 0.97 (0.67, 1.42) for short TV/long WT, compared with the reference category (long TV/short WT). Among women, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 0.70 (0.39, 1.13) for long TV/long WT, 0.55 (0.33, 0.94) for short TV/short WT, and 0.54 (0.33, 0.89) for short TV/long WT. Spending a long time watching television was associated with a higher risk of being obese in Japanese female municipal office workers, independent of WT. Further studies using prospective designs are warranted to develop an effective weight control program for Japanese workers.

Television viewing by elderly and their depiction in the visual media

This study is an attempt to understand the television (TV) viewing by elderly and how elderly are depicted incertain daily programs. A sample of rural and urban elderly men and women were interviewed through astructured schedule to assess their views regarding depiction of elderly in the media. Results highlightedcertain stereotyping projections and incidence of domestic abuse in the depiction of characters of elderly. Theconstructive role of media in promoting positive ageing was highlighted.

Childhood Obesity and Familial Environmental Factor according to the Developmental Stages: the Korea NHANES Study

BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between childhood obesity and its risk factors according to specific childhood developmental stages. METHODS: We performed an analysis of data for 1922 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years obtained from the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2005. Weight and height were measured by trained interviewers. Childhood obesity was defined as BMI > or =95th percentile of the BMI cut-off point based on the Korean child growth curve. Data on socioeconomic characteristics such as age, education, occupation, income, physical activity and time spent watching television were collected using a well-established questionnaire and/or interview. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity defined by using the Korean child growth curve was 4.1% in children aged 2 to 6, 6.3% in children aged 7 to 12, and 8.7% in adolescents aged 13 to 18. In the multiple logistic regression model, parental obesity, and time spent watching television were associated with increased risk of obesity in children aged 2~6. Parental obesity, family income level, birth weight, and time spent watching television were positively associated with obesity in children aged 7~12. In adolescents aged 13~18, participation in vigorous physical activity and attempts to control weight were associated with adolescent obesity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence and risk factors of childhood obesity vary substantially according to developmental stage. Differential approaches are needed for effective control of childhood obesity.

Obesidad, actividad e inactividad física en adolescentes de Morelos, México: un estudio longitudinal / Obesity, physical activity and inactivity among adolescents in Morelos, Mexico: a longitudinal study

La prevalencia de obesidad durante la niñez y adolescencia se ha incrementado en México, pudiendo explicarse por un decremento en la actividad física. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso con niveles de actividad e inactividad física en adolescentes mexicanos. Se utilizó información de 446 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años, que acudían a escuelas públicas secundarias en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Se empleó un diseño longitudinal con 2 mediciones, basal y final. Se captó información antropométrica, actividad e inactividad física, edad y sexo. Se calculó la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso de acuerdo al criterio propuesto por el International Obesity Task Force, y se estimaron razones de momios o posibilidades mediante regresión logística. La prevalencia basal de obesidad o sobrepeso fue de 37.21% (42.99% para hombres y 30.95% para mujeres) y la final de 35.50% (38.46% para hombres y 32.28% para mujeres). La media final de tiempo total viendo TV fue de 3.90 h/d, de actividad vigorosa 0.73 h/d y de moderada 0.58 h/d. Ajustando el efecto de obesidad o sobrepeso inicial, sexo y escuela, no se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre tiempo viendo televisión o practicando actividad física con la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso. Al incluir un término de interacción por sexo en nuestros modelos se encontró un efecto protector de la actividad vigorosa en los adolescentes varones (b=0.22, IC 95% (0.05, 0.89)). Los resultados sugieren que la actividad física vigorosa disminuye el riesgo de obesidad o sobrepeso en adolescentes varones.

The prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence has increased in Mexico. This increase can be explained partly by a decrease in physical activity. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the prevalence of obesity and overweight with physical activity and inactivity among Mexican adolescents. We analyzed data from a longitudinal study with baseline and follow-up measures in 446 adolescents 12 to 17 years old, attending public schools in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. We collected information on weight, physical activity and demographic characteristics. Obesity and overweight were determined using as indicador the body mass index, and the cutoff points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. The baseline prevalence of obesity or overweight was 37.22% (42.99% for males and 30.95% for females), and in the final measure 34.30% (38.46 % for males and 32.28% for females). The median time of TV viewing was 3.90 h/d, with 0.73 h/d dedicated to vigorous physical activity and 0.58 h/d to moderate physical activity. Using logistic regression, after adjustment for obesity in the baseline measure, sex and clustering by school, we found no significant associations between the prevalence of obesity or overweight with time dedicated to TV viewing, vigorous or moderate physical activity. However, when conducting the analysis with an interaction term by sex, we found significantly lower risk of obesity or overweight associated with an increase in vigorous physical activity among males only (b=0.22, 95% CI (0.05, 0.89). Results suggest that vigorous physical activity may reduce the risk of obesity or overweight among male adolescents.

Determinants of Television Watching among People in China / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To analyze the determinants of television viewing among people in China,and to provide basic information for developing intervention strategies.Methods The data of 66 601 subjects aged 6 years and over(male 32 254,female 34 347) on television viewing from 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey was used.Results The prevalence of watching TV 2h and over among Chinese residents was 60.6%.Female had a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2h and over(adjusted odds ratio,AOR: 0.78).Children aged 13～17 years had a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2 h and over(AOR: 0.71) compared with younger children,however,adults had an increased likelihood(AOR: 1.34 for 18~44 yr,1.16 for 45～59 yr,1.04 for 60 yr and over).Light intense occupations were associated with an increased likelihood of watching TV 2 h and over(AOR: 7.18).Higher family income had an increased likelihood of watching TV 2 h and over(AOR: 1.12,1.07).Highest education level was associated with a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2h and over(AOR: 0.91).Engaging in exercise was associated with a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2h and over(AOR: 0.74).Conclusion Age,gender,socioeconomic status and exercise can influence the time spending on TV among Chinese residents.