Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermophilic exo-ß-1, 3-glucanase from the thermophile biomass-degrading fungus Thielavia terrestris Co3Bag1

Background: The aim of this work was to purify and characterize exo-ß-1,3-glucanase, namely, TtBgnA, from the thermophilic fungus Thielavia terrestris Co3Bag1 and to identify the purified enzyme. Results: The thermophilic biomass-degrading fungus T. terrestris Co3Bag1 displayed ß-1,3-glucanase activity when grown on 1% glucose. An exo-ß-1,3-glucanase, with an estimated molecular mass of 129 kDa, named TtBgnA, was purified from culture filtrates from T. terrestris Co3Bag1. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 6.0 and 70°C and half-lives (t1/2) of 54 and 37 min at 50 and 60°C, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis showed that laminarin was the best substrate studied for TtBgnA. When laminarin was used as the substrate, the apparent KM and Vmax values were determined to be 2.2 mg mL-1 and 10.8 U/mg, respectively. Analysis of hydrolysis products by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed that TtBgnA displays an exo mode of action. Additionally, the enzyme was partially sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the results suggested that TtBgnA from T. terrestris Co3Bag1 could be classified as a member of the GH-31 family. Conclusions: This report thus describes the purification and characterization of TtBgnA, a novel exo-ß-1,3-glucanase of the GH-31 family from the thermophilic fungus T. terrestris Co3Bag1. Based on the biochemical properties displayed by TtBgnA, the enzyme could be considered as a candidate for potential biotechnological applications.

Stabilisation of some of the protein synthesis components in the thermophilic fungus, Humicola lanuginosa.

The thermal stabilities of tRNA from the thermophilic fungus, Humicola lanuginose were compared with that from the mesophilic yeast, Candida utilis, by measuring the increase in the optical density with temperature. tRNAs from both the species were stable in the presence of millimolar quantities of magnesium chloride upto 50°C, the optimum growth temperature of the fungus. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases were maximally active at 40°C under the in vitro assay conditions. They were fractionated and one species of valine tRNA synthetase was purified to homogeneity. The purified enzyme was protected against inactivation to varying degrees when preincubated with the substrates valine, tRNA and ATP as well as spermine. Protein turnover studies showed that the rate of turnover was higher at higher temperatures. It was concluded from these results that the protein synthesizing machinery of this fungus has no intrinsic stability but it is stabilised by intracellular factors. Higher rate of protein turnover also plays a role for growth at higher temperature.

Evidence for non-coordinated synthesis of 5 S RNA in the thermophilic fungus, Thermomyces lanuginosus.

Analysis of ribosomes and the post ribosomal supernatant fraction of actively growing cells of Thermomyces lanuginosus showed the presence of free 5 S RNA in the supernatant fraction. This 5 S RNA was identical to the ribosomal 5 S RNA in its electrophoretic mobility on 10% Polyacrylamide gel and in its base composition. 5 S RNA from both the sources gave evidence for the presence of diphosphate at the 5’ end. Most of the 5 S RNA that appeared in the cytoplasm was that transported from the nucleus during the isolation. This could be prevented by the use of a hexylene glycol-HEPES buffer.