Termoterapia associada com treinamento de flexibilidade não aprimora a amplitude de movimento de joelhos em adultos saudáveis: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados com meta-análise / Thermotherapy associated with flexibility training does not increase the knee range of movement of healthy adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

The stretching with thermotherapies associated have been related in the literature as a way to increase the range of motion (ROM), but still are not consensus about this efficacy and costeffectiveness. The muscle stretching is a useful technique in rehabilitation and in physical activities programs, either to gain or maintain the flexibility, as a recovery of musculoskeletal and joint injuries. Objective: To determine the effects of thermotherapies associated to flexibility training in ROM of knee extension in healthy adults. Method: The search strategy was conducted in main databases, as Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, PUBMED/ Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. The searches were done in 2016, and renewed in 2023, in order to achieve new publications along this time. Were selected only randomized clinical trials that have executed a training of hamstrings stretching, associated or not with one or more thermotherapies in healthy young adults, as long as the outcome was knee extension ROM. Only papers in Portuguese or English were assessed. To evaluate risk of bias was used the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool, and the methodological quality assessment was rated following the PEDro Scale. Results: Eight articles were included, totalizing 260 participants. The papers showed low methodological quality, and uncertain risk of bias. Only chronic effect of local warming and cryotherapy plus stretching showed a statistically significant difference versus control group. However, the thermotherapy action associated with stretching is still unclear, once the results suggest that even without the thermotherapy there are ROM increases. Conclusion: The stretching is effective in knee extension ROM improvement in healthy adults, with or without thermotherapy. New studies with higher methodological rigor and standardized protocols are needed

Os alongamentos com termoterapias associadas têm sido relatados na literatura como forma de aumentar a amplitude de movimento (ADM), mas ainda não há consenso sobre sua eficácia e custo-efetividade. O alongamento muscular é uma técnica útil na reabilitação e em programas de atividades físicas, tanto para ganho ou manutenção da flexibilidade, quanto para recuperação de lesões musculoesqueléticas e articulares. Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos das termoterapias associadas ao treinamento de flexibilidade na ADM de extensão do joelho em adultos saudáveis. Método: A estratégia de busca foi realizada nas principais bases de dados, como Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, PUBMED/ MedLine, Scopus e Web of Science. As buscas foram realizadas em 2016, e renovadas em 2023, a fim de alcançar novas publicações ao longo deste tempo. Foram selecionados apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados que tenham executado um treinamento de alongamento de isquiotibiais, associado ou não a uma ou mais termoterapias, em adultos jovens saudáveis, desde que o desfecho fosse ADM de extensão de joelho. Apenas artigos em português ou inglês foram avaliados. Para avaliar o risco de viés foi usado o Risk of Bias Tool da Cochrane Collaboration, e a avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi classificada de acordo com a Escala PEDro. Resultados: Foram incluídos oito artigos, totalizando 260 participantes. Os artigos apresentaram baixa qualidade metodológica e risco incerto de viés. Apenas o efeito crônico de aquecimento local e crioterapia associados ao alongamento mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao grupo controle. No entanto, a ação da termoterapia associada ao alongamento ainda não está clara, uma vez que os resultados sugerem que mesmo sem a termoterapia há aumento da ADM. Conclusão: O alongamento é eficaz na melhora da ADM de extensão do joelho em adultos saudáveis, com ou sem termoterapia. Novos estudos com maior rigor metodológico e protocolos padronizados são necessários

Remodeling of tumor stroma combined with photothermal therapy in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: Polyethylene glycol-modified gold nanostar particles (GNS-PEG) were constructed to investigate whether the degradation of extracellular matrix in triple-negative breast cancer could improve the tumor delivery of GNS-PEG and enhance the efficacy of photothermal therapy. Methods: GNS-PEG were constructed and characterized for physicochemical properties as well as photothermal properties. At the cellular level, the cytotoxicity of halofuginone (HF) and the effect of photothermal therapy were detected. Mouse model of triple negative breast cancer was established by subcutaneous inoculation of 4T1 cells in BALB/c nude mice. Five injections of HF were given via tail vein (HF group), and tumor sections were stained with Masson stain and immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD31 to observe the effect of tumor stromal degradation. Five injections of HF via tail vein followed by GNS-PEG (HF+ GNS-PEG group) were applied to determine the content of gold in tumor tissues by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The tumor sites of the mice in the GNS-PEG and HF+ GNS-PEG groups were irradiated with NIR laser and the temperature changes were recorded with an IR camera. The tumour growth and weight changes of mice in each group were observed. Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and HE staining were performed on tumor tissue sections from each group to observe tumor proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis. HE staining was performed on heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues from each group to observe the morphological changes of cells. Results: GNS-PEG nanoparticles showed a multi-branched structure with a particle size of 73.5±1.4 nm. The absorption peak of GNS was 810 nm, which is in the near infrared region. The photothermal conversion rate of GNS-PEG was up to 79.3%, and the photothermal effect could be controlled by the laser energy. HF has a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with a cell survival rate being as low as (22.8±2.6)% at HF concentration of up to 1 000 nmol/L. The photothermal effect of GNS-PEG was significant in killing tumor cells, with a cell survival rate of (32.7±5.2)% at the concentration of 25 pmol/L. The collagen area fraction, TGFβ1 integrated optical density and α-SMA integrated optical density in the tumor tissues of mice in the HF group were (2.1±0.2)%, 3.1±0.4 and 5.2±1.9, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.01), and the vessel diameter was 8.6±2.9 μm, which was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the HF+ GNS-PEG group, the concentration of gold in tissues was 52.4 μg/g, higher than that in the GNS-PEG group (15.9 μg/g, P<0.05). After laser irradiation, the temperature of the tumor site in the HF+ GNS-PEG group was significantly higher than that in the GNS-PEG group. At the 4th minute, the temperatures of the tumor site in the GNS-PEG and HF+ GNS-PEG groups were 51.5 ℃ and 57.7 ℃ respectively; the tumor volume in the HF+ GNS-PEG group was effectively suppressed. The body weights of the mice in each group did not change significantly during the monitoring period. No significant abnormalities were observed in the main organs of the mice in the GNS-PEG group, but some hepatocytes in the HF and HF+ GNS-PEG groups showed edema and degeneration. Conclusion: The remodeling of extracellular matrix in triple-negative breast cancer could significantly improve the intratumoral delivery of GNS-PEG and thus achieve better photothermal therapy effect.

Remodeling of tumor stroma combined with photothermal therapy in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: Polyethylene glycol-modified gold nanostar particles (GNS-PEG) were constructed to investigate whether the degradation of extracellular matrix in triple-negative breast cancer could improve the tumor delivery of GNS-PEG and enhance the efficacy of photothermal therapy. Methods: GNS-PEG were constructed and characterized for physicochemical properties as well as photothermal properties. At the cellular level, the cytotoxicity of halofuginone (HF) and the effect of photothermal therapy were detected. Mouse model of triple negative breast cancer was established by subcutaneous inoculation of 4T1 cells in BALB/c nude mice. Five injections of HF were given via tail vein (HF group), and tumor sections were stained with Masson stain and immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD31 to observe the effect of tumor stromal degradation. Five injections of HF via tail vein followed by GNS-PEG (HF+ GNS-PEG group) were applied to determine the content of gold in tumor tissues by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The tumor sites of the mice in the GNS-PEG and HF+ GNS-PEG groups were irradiated with NIR laser and the temperature changes were recorded with an IR camera. The tumour growth and weight changes of mice in each group were observed. Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and HE staining were performed on tumor tissue sections from each group to observe tumor proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis. HE staining was performed on heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues from each group to observe the morphological changes of cells. Results: GNS-PEG nanoparticles showed a multi-branched structure with a particle size of 73.5±1.4 nm. The absorption peak of GNS was 810 nm, which is in the near infrared region. The photothermal conversion rate of GNS-PEG was up to 79.3%, and the photothermal effect could be controlled by the laser energy. HF has a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with a cell survival rate being as low as (22.8±2.6)% at HF concentration of up to 1 000 nmol/L. The photothermal effect of GNS-PEG was significant in killing tumor cells, with a cell survival rate of (32.7±5.2)% at the concentration of 25 pmol/L. The collagen area fraction, TGFβ1 integrated optical density and α-SMA integrated optical density in the tumor tissues of mice in the HF group were (2.1±0.2)%, 3.1±0.4 and 5.2±1.9, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.01), and the vessel diameter was 8.6±2.9 μm, which was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the HF+ GNS-PEG group, the concentration of gold in tissues was 52.4 μg/g, higher than that in the GNS-PEG group (15.9 μg/g, P<0.05). After laser irradiation, the temperature of the tumor site in the HF+ GNS-PEG group was significantly higher than that in the GNS-PEG group. At the 4th minute, the temperatures of the tumor site in the GNS-PEG and HF+ GNS-PEG groups were 51.5 ℃ and 57.7 ℃ respectively; the tumor volume in the HF+ GNS-PEG group was effectively suppressed. The body weights of the mice in each group did not change significantly during the monitoring period. No significant abnormalities were observed in the main organs of the mice in the GNS-PEG group, but some hepatocytes in the HF and HF+ GNS-PEG groups showed edema and degeneration. Conclusion: The remodeling of extracellular matrix in triple-negative breast cancer could significantly improve the intratumoral delivery of GNS-PEG and thus achieve better photothermal therapy effect.

Research progress in separation surgery combined with stereotactic radiotherapy of spinal metastases / 中国骨伤

With the continuous improvement of cancer treatment, the survival of patients with spinal metastases has been significantly prolonged. Currently, the treatment of spinal metastases presents a trend of multi-mode. Clinical surgical methods include vertebral tumor resecting spinal canal decompression and internal fixation surgery, separation surgery, minimally invasive surgery and percutaneous ablation technology, etc. Radiotherapy techniques include traditional external radiation therapy, stereotactic radiotherapy and brachytherapy, etc. The risk of vertebral tumor resecting spinal canal decompression and internal fixation surgery, and the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications is high. The extension of postoperative recovery period may lead to delay of follow-up radiotherapy and other medical treatment, which has a serious impact on patients' survival and treatment confidence. However, the precision of traditional external radiation therapy is not high, and the limitation of tolerance of spinal cord makes it difficult to achieve the goal of controlling insensitive tumor. With the development of radiotherapy and surgical technology, stereotactic radiotherapy with higher accuracy and separation surgery with smaller surgical strike have become the focus of many clinical experts at present. This article reviews the progress of Hybrid treatment of separation surgery combined with stereotactic radiotherapy.

Utilização da fisioterapia na reabilitação de bezerro com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular: relato de caso / Use of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of calves with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis: case report / Uso de la fisioterapia en la rehabilitación de un ternero con poliartritis y parisia neuromuscular: reporte de caso

A reabilitação animal na medicina veterinária é um campo recente, porém crescente a cada dia. Neste sentido, a fisioterapia veterinária atua trazendo inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria dos movimentos, redução da dor, edema e outras. Interfere ainda no tempo de recuperação, redução de custos para o proprietário, podendo ser hoje utilizada como um tratamento na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o uso da fisioterapia em uma bezerra com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular. O animal apresentou um aumento de volume nas articulações cárpicas e társicas após histórico de onfalite, permanecendo em decúbito esternal por vários dias. O proprietário resolveu aplicar ferro dextrano na região glútea do animal, o que causou uma lesão de nervo isquiático. Foram instituídos protocolos medicamentosos e fisioterápicos, que culminaram no estímulo da marcha, propriocepção, além de hipertrofia muscular. Porém, em virtude de complicações resultantes de onfalite, o animal veio a óbito.(AU)

Animal rehabilitation in veterinary medicine is a recent field, but growing every day. In this sense, veterinary physiotherapy works bringing numerous benefits, such as improved movements, reduced pain, edema and others. Reducing the recovery time, reducing costs for the owner, and today it can be used as a treatment in post-surgical recovery. In this sense, the objective was to report the use of physiotherapy in a heifer with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis. The animal showed an increase in volume in the carpal and tarsal joints after a history of omphalitis, remaining in sternal decubitus for several days. The owner decided to apply iron dextran to the animal's gluteal region, which caused an injury to the sciatic nerve. Medicinal and physical therapy protocols were instituted, which culminated in the stimulation of gait, proprioception, in addition to muscle hypertrophy. However, due to complications resulting from omphalitis, the animal died.(AU)

La rehabilitación animal en medicina veterinaria es un campo reciente, pero en crecimiento cada día. En este sentido, la fisioterapia veterinaria actúa aportando numerosos beneficios, como mejora de los movimientos, reducción del dolor, edemas y otros. Disminución del tiempo de recuperación, reducción de costos para el propietario, pudiendo ser utilizado hoy en día como tratamiento en la recuperación posquirúrgica. En ese sentido, el objetivo fue reportar el uso de fisioterapia en una vaquilla con poliartritis y paresia neuromuscular. El animal presentó un aumento de volumen en las articulaciones del carpo y del tarso tras un antecedente de onfalitis, permaneciendo en decúbito esternal durante varios días. El propietario decidió aplicar hierro dextrano en la región glútea del animal, lo que provocó una lesión en el nervio ciático. Se instauraron protocolos farmacológicos y de fisioterapia, que culminaron con estimulación de la marcha, propiocepción, además de hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, debido a complicaciones derivadas de la onfalitis, el animal falleció.(AU)

New developments in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis, including the cutaneous form, poses an important public health threat around the world, while no vaccine is currently available against any form of leishmaniasis. The drugs used in the first line treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are commonly pentavalent antimonials despite their toxicities, long-term treatment duration and increasing resistance rates. Other alternatives are amphotericin B, pentamidine, miltefosine and paromomycine. Movement of the population, especially in endemic regions, increases the spread of the parasite and affectes the distribution of causative species, which requires re-evaluation the treatment regimen. Extensive researches are carried out on the treatment of leishmaniasis. The immunotherapeutic and targeted therapeutic approaches, formulations of carrier-loaded active drugs, local thermotherapeutic applications, the combination of antileishmanial drugs/compounds, the use of new synthetic and natural products are promising therapeutic options in the future. Herein, the author reviews the potential treatment modalities of CL with a brief overview of current treatments in the light of ongoing studies around the world.

Difficulties and prospects in the treatment of Graves′ disease / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Although traditional treatment for Graves′ disease(GD) displays some effects, it is imperative to explore new treatment methods. Based on the pathogenesis of GD, biologic agents developed by consumption of B lymphocytes and acting on thyroid stimulating hormone receptor(TSHR), such as monoclonal antibodies, TSHR antagonists and epitopes, can provide more options for patients with GD, and some new drugs are expected to be put into clinical practice. By restoring the damaged immune system and maintaining normal thyroid function continuously, it can avoid the disadvantages of conventional therapies such as long-term treatment, induction or aggravation of Graves ophthalmopathy, permanent hypothyroidism, and other complications. Preliminary experience suggests that thermotherapy is effective and safe for patients with refractory GD. In addition, the traditional Chinese medicine improves the symptoms and thyroid function of GD patients.The emergence of new therapeutic modalities and techniques will provide new approaches for the future treatment of GD and help clinicians to make the best decision.

Understanding the structural changes following photodynamic and transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal hemangioma using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography

Purpose: To study optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) features of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) following treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods: A retrospective chart review of consecutive patients treated for CCH over 2 years (May 2016�April 2018). The investigations, in addition to comprehensive eye examination, included color fundus photography, B-scan ultrasonography, OCT, and OCT-A. Results: The study included 16 eyes of 16 patients (9 males and 7 females). The mean age at presentation was 43.5 � 9 years (range 33�62 years). Macula (n = 6) and superior arcade (n = 5) were the common tumor locations. Twelve eyes received multiple treatment sessions: TTT (seven eyes; mean 2.4 sessions) and PDT (five eyes; mean 2 sessions). Four eyes were observed because vision was not threatened. Pretreatment OCT features were Bruch's membrane atrophy (15 eyes), retinal pigment epithelial atrophy (13 eyes), outer retinal abnormalities (12 eyes), and macular subretinal fluid (12 eyes). Pretreatment OCT-A features were complete loss of choriocapillaris (16 eyes), irregularly arranged fine arborizing vessels (11 eyes), and more than 50% signal void hyporeflective areas (12 eyes). Posttreatment OCT-A showed persistence of choriocapillaris loss, flat scar with fibrosis and thinning of choroid in all eyes treated with TTT, and persistence of deeper choroidal vessels and no loss of choriocapillaris in eyes treated with PDT. Conclusion: OCT and OCT-A help understand the structural outcome following PDT and TTT in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma: An overview of clinical manifestation, diagnosis and management

Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor which presents in middle-aged adults with progressive diminution of vision, metamorphopsia, floaters, and visual field defects. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic clinical features. It is an orange-red, usually solitary, tumor situated in the posterior pole. The visual symptoms are because of the associated subretinal fluid, cystoid macular edema, and, in long-standing cases, retinal pigment epithelium changes, subretinal fibrosis and retinoschisis. It must be distinguished from the more ominous amelanotic melanoma and choroidal metastasis. Diagnostic tools such as ultrasound, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography are helpful in cases with diagnostic dilemma. Treatment is indicated in symptomatic cases. The management of choroidal hemangioma has evolved over the years beginning with laser photocoagulation to transpupillary thermotherapy, photodynamic therapy, plaque brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy. No one therapeutic option holds superiority over the other. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of the circumscribed variant of choroidal hemangioma.

Efeito agudo de diferentes métodos de termoterapia na amplitude de movimento articular / Acute effect of different thermotherapy methods on articular range of motion

Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar quantitativamente o efeito agudo de diferentes técnicas de termoterapia no ganho da amplitude de movimento. Participaram da pesquisa voluntários (n=34) de ambos os sexos e média de idade de 22,3 anos (±3,3 anos). Métodos Os participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: em um grupo, os indivíduos foram submetidos a aplicação da lâmpada infravermelha (calor superfi cial), enquanto no outro grupo utilizou-se o aparelho de ondas curtas (calor profundo) como técnica de termoterapia. Resultados Como resultado, observou-se que o grupo submetido ao calor profundo obteve melhora significante em relação a amplitude de movimento, tanto em comparação dentro do mesmo grupo, confrontando-se a amplitude de movimento pré- e pós-intervenção (aumento médio de 10,9+3,1º), quanto quando comparado ao grupo submetido ao calor superficial, que não apresentou melhora significativa (aumento médio de 3,1+2,5º). Conclusão Concluiu-se que, embora o efeito agudo da termoterapia seja benéfico no ganho de amplitude de movimento, o calor profundo parece ter um efeito mais pronunciado quando comparado às técnicas de calor superficial.

Objective The objective of this study was to quantitatively compare the acute effect of different thermotherapy techniques on the gain of range of motion. Methods Research volunteers (n=34) of both genders and mean age of 22.3 years (±3.3 years) were randomly divided into two groups: one group in which subjects were treated with infrared lamp (surface heat) while the other group was treated with the selected thermotherapy technique with the shortwave apparatus (deep heat). Results The deep heat group obtained a significant improvement in terms of range of motion, both within the same group, comparing the pre and post intervention range of motion (mean increase of 10.9±3.1º) when compared to the superficial heat group, which in turn did not show significant improvement (mean increase of 3.1+2.5º). Conclusion Although the acute effect of thermotherapy is beneficial in gain of range of motion, deep heat seems to have a more pronounced effect when compared to surface heat techniques

Influence of Gas Pain, Post-operative Resilience, and Body Temperature Discomfort in Laparoscopic Myomectomy Patients after Thermotherapy / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gas pain, post-operative resilience, and body temperature discomfort among patients who received laparoscopic myomectomies. METHODS: The experimental group consisted of 62 patients with thermotherapy and the control group consisted of 60 patients. Thermotherapy was applied individually to the experimental group four hours after surgery. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, χ²-tests, and repeated measures of analysis of variance, using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18. RESULTS: The results showed no significant interaction effect between the group and time of measurement in gas-related pain in the experimental group. For gas-related pain, there was significant difference in right shoulder pain at 24 hours (t=-4.222, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-3.688, p=.000), 72 hours (t=-2.250, p=.028), and left at 24 hours (t=-3.727, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-4.150, p=.000), and 72 hours (t=-2.482, p=.016) and both shoulders at 24 hours (t=-2.722, p=.009) and 48 hours (t=-2.525, p=.014). There was no significant difference in epigastric pain, excluding both epigastric pain at 48 hours (t=2.908, p=.005), 72 hours (t=3.010, p=.004), but there was a significant difference in objective body temperature discomfort (t=2.895, p=.008). CONCLUSION: Thermotherapy relieved shoulder gas-related pain and objective body temperature discomfort. It needs to be developed and applied to improve post-operative discomfort in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomies.

Transrectal microwave thermotherapy causing a short-time influence on sperm quality in Chinese chronic nonbacterial prostatitis patients / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Chronic prostatitis can affect the sperm's quality. Previous studies have shown that transrectal microwave thermotherapy (TRMT) results in symptomatic relief in patients with chronic prostatitis, but the effects on sperm have not been carefully investigated. This study evaluates the impact of TRMT on the relief or decrease of symptoms and quality of sperm when used to treat patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. TRMT treatment was administered over 5 days, 1 h per day. Semen examination was carried out pretreatment and immediately at the conclusion of the 5-day treatment. Also, it was repeated 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months later. The treatment's symptom relief efficacy was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). After the treatment, the overall NIH-CPSI scores were lower compared to those of pretreatment. In addition, the white blood cells and lecithin in expressed prostatic secretion were normal after the treatment. The sperm count was decreased by 23.8% 3 months after the treatment, sperm motility was reduced by 10.3% immediately after treatment, and sperm deformity was increased by 17.2%. The sperm volume and PH were not affected. However, the sperm quality recovered after treatment and the malformation rate was also lower at 6 months after treatment. TRMT is a favorable and safe treatment option for patients with nonbacterial chronic prostatitis. It could relieve the patient's symptoms and impact on sperm quality in the short-term.

Termoterapia para la espasticidad post accidente cerebro vascular: revisión sistem / Thermotherapy for spasticity post stroke: systematic review

Objective: Determine whether there is scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of thermotherapy in the management of spasticity in adult patients post stroke. Method: A systematic review of randomized trials were performed, the databases searched were Medline, Cinahl, Central, PEDro, SPORTDiscus and Lilacs. Results: 4 studies that metour eligibility criteria and selection were selected. Conclusion: There is controversial evidence that the US produces are duction in neural electrophysiological excitability compared to US placeboand IR; moderate evidence that US not produces clinical improvement in range of motion or level of spasticity, compared to US placebo, IR, TENS and botulinum toxin.

Objetivo: Determinar si existe evidencia científica que avale la efectividad de la termoterapia en el manejo de la espasticidad en pacientes adultos post accidente cerebro vascular. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios clínicos aleatorizados, las bases de datos consultadas fueron: Medline, Cinahl, Central, PEDro, SPORTDiscus y Lilacs. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 4 artículos que cumplían con nuestros criterios de elegibilidad y selección. Conclusión: Existe evidencia contradictoria que el US produce una reducción electrofisiológica de la excitabilidad neural comparado con US apagado e IR; existe moderada evidencia que el US no produce una mejoría clínica del rango de movimiento ni del nivel de espasticidad, comparado con US apagado, IR, TENS y toxina botulínica.

Effects of cryotherapy and microwave diathermy on the strength production capacity of elbow flexors in healthy men / Efeitos da crioterapia e da diatermia por micro-ondas sobre a capacidade de produção de força de flexores de cotovelo de homens saudáveis

Abstract Physiological effects of thermal changes in tissues might influence some physical properties of muscle fibers, such as strength. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cryotherapy and microwave diathermy application on the strength production capacity of the elbow flexor muscles. Thirty male, healthy and sedentary subjects, with average age of 22.40 (±3.42) years, participated in this prospective study. Participants were submitted to assessment of isometric strength production capability by an adapted load cell. Half of volunteers received cryotherapy on the first day of application and microwave diathermy (MD) 48 hours later, whereas the other half was treated the other way around. Cryotherapy was applied up to the temperature of the biceps region reached 25ºC, and MD was applied up to 42ºC. Six peak strength reevaluations were made over 2 hours. There was significant increase in peak strength (PS) up to 15 minutes after cryotherapy, then there was a decrease in maximum isometric strength, however, statistically significant difference remained up to 1 hour and 30 minutes after cryotherapy. In MD, PS decreased significantly after application until 15 min. From this moment, PS returned close to the initial value, and in the last assessment, PS reduced again. Cryotherapy and MD differently interfered in isometric muscle strength production capacity of elbow flexors, while cooling generated increment, heating caused decline.

Resumo Os efeitos fisiológicos das mudanças térmicas nos tecidos podem influenciar propriedades físicas das fibras musculares, como a força. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos da aplicação da crioterapia e da diatermia por micro-ondas (DMO) sobre a capacidade de produção de força dos músculos flexores de cotovelo. Participaram deste estudo prospectivo 30 voluntários do sexo masculino, saudáveis, não praticantes de atividade física, com valor médio de 22,40 (±3,42) anos de idade. Foram submetidos à avaliação da capacidade de produção de força isométrica, por meio de uma célula de carga adaptada. Metade dos voluntários recebeu no primeiro dia aplicação da crioterapia e no outro dia (48 horas depois) a DMO, e a outra metade dos sujeitos o inverso. A crioterapia foi aplicada até que a temperatura na região bicipital atingisse 25ºC e a DMO foi aplicada até que atingisse 42ºC. Seis reavaliações do PF foram feitas ao longo de 2 horas. Houve incremento significativo no pico de força (PF) até 15 minutos após a aplicação da crioterapia, a partir desse momento houve decréscimo da força isométrica máxima, no entanto, a diferença estatisticamente significativa esteve presente até 90 minutos depois. Na DMO, o PF reduziu significativamente até 15 min após a aplicação do recurso. A partir deste momento, o PF foi retornando próximo ao valor inicial. Na última avaliação, o PF reduziu novamente. A crioterapia e a DMO interferiram de maneira diferente na capacidade de produção de força muscular isométrica de flexores de cotovelo, enquanto o resfriamento gerou incremento, o aquecimento causou declínio.

Progress in the development of carbon nanotubes as drug delivery carrier combined with thermotherapy in cancer therapy / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Most of the anticancer drugs have some limitations in clinical application,such as poor solubility,low targeting and cytotoxicity to normal tissue and organ.The application of drug carriers offers a solution of these problems to a certain extent.In recent years,some materials such as polymers,liposomes,carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as carriers of anticancer drugs.The utilization of these carriers improved drug targeting and reduced adverse reactions by targeted modification of carriers which ensured the slow release of the drugs and maintained the plasma concentration.In these carriers,CNTs,as a novel nano-material,have attracted more attention in nanomedical applications.CNTs not only possess nanoscaled diameter,hollow structure and large aspect ratio,resulting in large drug capacity,but also can selectively absorb near infrared lights and transform them into thermal energy,according to the research finding.The functionalized drug-loaded CNTs in combination with thermotherapy shows potential,which is expected to become a new targeting therapy of cancer.In this paper,the basic structure of CNTs,the application of CNTs as drug carriers,and the recent development of functionalized CNTs as drug carriers combined with thermotherapy in tumor therapy were summarized.

Efectividad de los agentes físicos en el tratamiento del dolor en la artrosis de rodilla: una revisión sistemática / Physical agents’ effectiveness in the pain treatment in knee arthrosis: a systematic review

Objetivo: determinar si los agentes físicos son eficaces para disminuir el dolor y mejorar la calidad de vida en adultos con artrosis de rodilla, mediante la recopilación de los diferentes estudios científicos de alta calidad metodológica publicados a la fecha. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos: PEDro, Scielo y Medline. Fueron incluidos ensayos controlados aleatorios con pacientes diagnosticados de osteoartritis de rodilla. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2004 al 10 de octubre de 2014, tanto en lengua española como inglesa. La selección de estudios se realizó de manera independiente, no cegada por 2 revisores, y se llevó a cabo una clasificación de los estudios mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados: se encontraron 428 artículos que potencialmente podrían incluirse a este trabajo. Al determinar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, solo se seleccionaron 28 artículos para su análisis. Conclusiones: se dispone de evidencia de buen nivel que sustenta la aplicación del láser, biomagnetismo y la electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea, para disminuir el dolor y mejorar la calidad de vida en personas con artrosis de rodilla.

Aim: to determine if physical agents are efficient for pain decreasing and life quality improving in adults with knee arthrosis, compiling the different, methodologically high quality scientific studies published up to the date. Methods: a systematic review was carried out in the databases PEDro, Scielo and Medline. We included controlled, randomized trials with patients diagnosed of knee osteoarthritis. We chose articles published in the period from January 1st 2004 and October 10 2014, both in Spanish and in English. The studies compilation was performed in an independent way, not blinded by 2 reviewers, and the studies were classified using the PEDro scale. Outcomes: we found 428 articles that potentially might be included in this work. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 28 articles were chosen for the analysis. Conclusions: we have good evidence supporting the usage of laser, biomagnetism and transcutaneous nervous electrostimulation to diminish pain and improve live quality in people with knee arthrosis.

The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab and transpupillary thermotherapy on choroidal metastases and literature review.

Aims: To represent the effects of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and intravitreal bevacizumab on choroidal metastases and review the literature. Settings and Design: A retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series of five eyes in three patients with choroidal metastases was conducted. Fundus findings of choroidal metastases were divided into two types: Solitary or diffuse type. The size of the tumor was termed small (<10 mm diameter), medium (10–15 mm diameter) or large (>15 mm diameter). All eyes received one session of TTT followed by 3 weekly intravitreal bevacizumab injections as an adjuvant therapy. The parameters of treatment for TTT were 1.2–3 mm spot size, 150–300 mW, 60 s with the whole lesion covered confluently. The changes in preoperative and postoperative best‑corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded. Serial color fundus photography and optical coherent tomography were performed to measure the treatment efficacy. Results: All eight choroidal metastases were solitary type. The size of six tumors was small, the size of one tumor was medium, and the size of one tumor was large. All five eyes of the three patients had improvement of BCVA after treatment. Fundus photos revealed tumor shrinkage and the mean shrinkage percentage was 61.27 ± 21.71%. Optical coherence tomography revealed complete resolution of serous retinal detachment. There was no recurrence after 6 months follow‑up. Conclusions: TTT combined with intravitreal bevacizumab injections brought about beneficial effects in reducing tumor size and improving vision in all five eyes of the three patients. Despite the retrospective nature of our study, the absence of control group and the size limitation that, of course, limit the statistical power, TTT combined with intravitreal bevacizumab seems to be efficient in providing another cost‑reducing and time‑saving treatment option for patients with choroidal metastases. The antineoplastic properties of bevacizumab make it a viable adjunctive therapy. Studies with more cases and a longer follow‑up period are warranted.

The clinical observation of advanced primary liver cancer under the chemotherapy of hyperthermia combined with EOF approach / 中国基层医药

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of advanced primary liver cancer under the chemother-apy of hyperthermia combined with EOF approach.Methods 75 patient samples who had advanced primary liver cancer in total were chosen and were divided into the two groups randomly.The control group containing 37 patient samples had advanced primary liver cancer which would be applied with EOF approach.The treatment group contai-ning 38 samples had advanced primary liver cancer.The treatment strategy was to apply EOF approach combined with high -frequency hyperthermia in vitro.Results The total rate of efficiency on the treatment group and control group was 73.68% vs 48.6%.The DCR rate was 92.1% versus 56.8%,1 year survival rate was 57.8% versus 45.9%and 2 years survival rate was 10.5% versus 5.4% which showed that the results of the treatment group was obviously better than that of the control group.Conclusion The method that combining the chemotherapy of hyperthermia with EOF to treat advanced primary liver cancer can obviously improve clinical efficacy and survival period.What′s better is that this approach will not increase the toxicity of chemotherapy.

Clinical Observation of Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Thermotherapy in the Treatment of Middle and Advanced Esophageal Cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe short-term efficacy and ADR of nedaplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with thermotherapy in the treatment of middle and advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS:64 patients with middle and advanced esophageal cancer were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 32 cases in each group. Control group was given nedaplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy,nedaplatin 30 mg/m2,ivgtt,every week during chemotherapy;treatment group re-ceived thermotherapy by high frequency heating machine before chemoradiotherapy,60 min/time,twice a week;received chemora-diotherapy 30 min after thermotherapy. Short-term efficacy and ADR were observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:The short-term total effective rate of treatment group(84.4%)was higher than that of control group(62.5%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of bone marrow suppression,radioactive esophagitis and gastrointestinal reactions in treatment group vs. control group were(21.9%)vs.(46.9%),(18.8%)vs.(56.3%),(31.3%)vs.(59.4%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Nedaplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with thermotherapy is better than concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of middle and advanced esophageal cancer with low incidence of ADR.

Efeitos da crioterapia vs correntes diadinâmicas na redução do edema de pata em ratas / Effects of cryotherapy vs diadynamic currents on the reduction of the rats paw edema

O edema inflamatório agudo é considerado um problema para a reabilitação, pois acarreta perda da mobilidade e dor, comprometendo a funcionalidade do indivíduo, sendo importante sua diminuição pós-lesão. O presente estudo comparou os efeitos da crioterapia e das correntes diadinâmicas de Bernard (CDB) na redução de edema induzido experimentalmente. O experimento incluiu 15 ratas Wistar com 256,16 ± 15,48 g, divididas em três grupos constituídos de 5 animais cada, sendo G1, G2 e G3. Foi realizado a hidropletismografia da pata direita de cada animal, seguida da indução do edema em todos os animais com carragenina 1% e solução salina 0,9%. Os animais foram reavaliados após 60; 120 e 180 minutos da indução do edema e após o tratamento. Os animais do G1 foram tratados através da crioterapia via imersão por 10 minutos; G2, submetidos à aplicação das CDB utilizando as correntes difásica, monofásica e curtos períodos, por 9 minutos e G3 representou o grupo controle. Para G1, o volume deslocado inicialmente foi 1,68 ± 0,18 ml; após 180 minutos 2,8 ± 0,28; e após o tratamento com crioterapia 2,4 ± 0,28 ml. Para G2, os valores foram 1,76 ± 0,22; 2,72 ± 0,33; e posteriormente à aplicação das correntes, o valor foi 2,32 ± 0,33 ml. Para G3, os valores foram 1,6 ± 0; 3,04 ± 0,35; ao término do tratamento proposto para G1 e G2, o G3 apresentou 3,12 ± 0,33 ml. Os resultados demonstraram redução não significativa do edema comparando G1 e G2, porém apresentou diminuição significativa (p < 0,01), quando comparado G1 e G2 com o G3. As duas modalidades terapêuticas avaliadas foram eficazes na redução do edema induzido experimentalmente, no entanto não diferiram significativamente quando comparadas entre si.

Acute inflammatory edema is considered a problem for the rehabilitation; because it leads to mobility loss and pain endangering the individual functionality, being important its reduction at post-lesion phase. The present study compared the effects of cryotherapy and Bernard's Diadynamic Currents (BDC) on reduction of a pharmacologically induced edema. The trial included 15 Wistar female rats with 256.16 ± 15.48 g, divided into three groups: G1 under cryotherapy treatment through immersion for 10 minutes; G2 under BDC application using diphasic current, monophasic current and short periods for a nine minutes, and G3 as control group. The volume measurement of right paw of each animal followed by edema induction in all animals with 1% carragenin solution was carried out by hidropletismography. The animals were re-evaluated 60; 120; and 180 minutes after the edema induction and treatment. For animals of G1 group, initial dislocated volume was 1.68 ± 0.18 ml; after 180 minutes, 2.8 ± 0.28; and after cryotherapy treatment, 2.4 ± 0.28 ml. For G2, values were 1.76 ± 0.22; 2.72 ± 0.33; and after currents application, 2.32 ± 0.33 ml. For G3, values were 1.6 ± 0; 3.04 ± 0.35; at the end of treatment proposed to G1 and G2, G3 showed 3.12 ± 0.33 ml. The results showed non-significant reduction when comparing G1 and G2 groups; however, significant reduction (p < 0,01), was observed when comparing G1 and G2 with G3 group. Both therapeutic modalities were efficient in reducing the pharmacologically induced edema, although they did not significantly differ when compared each other.