The development and verification of an independent dose calculation toolkit for proton Therapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To develop and validate the accuracy of an independent dose calculation toolkit for the horizontal beamline of Shanghai Advanced Proton Therapy (SAPT) facility based on an open-source dose calculation engine.Methods:Machine data, such as absolute integral depth doses (IDDs) and lateral profiles in air were measured and lateral profiles in water were derived by Monte-Carlo simulations. The dose computation models for SAPT horizontal beamline pencil beams in water were achieved by combining machine data and dose calculation engine. The verification of the dose reconstruction toolkit included absolute dose verification and relative dose verification. The absolute dose verification is performed to mainly compare the reconstructed value and the measured value at different depths along the center axis of the beam direction of a cube plan. The relative dose verification is conducted to mainly compare the lateral profile or two-dimensional dose distribution between the measured value and the reconstructed value. Meanwhile, the precision of double-gaussian and single-gaussian lateral beam models was compared.Results:The deviations of the absolute dose between the calculated and measured values were basically within 2%. The deviations of 20%-80% penumbra between the measured and the calculated values were within 1 mm, and deviations of the full width at half height were within 2 mm. For 3 cube plans and 2 clinical cases, the two-dimensional gamma pass rates (3 mm/3%) between the measured and calculated dose distributions at the corresponding depths were greater than 95%. The double-gaussian lateral beam model was more accurate in the high dose gradient region and deeper depth.Conclusion:The precision of independent dose calculation toolkit is acceptable for clinical requirements, which can be employed to investigate other dose-related issues.

The effect of insulin dialogue toolkit on psychological insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effectiveness of insulin dialogue toolkit on psychological insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 134 type 2 diabetes with psychological insulin resistance were selected by the inclusion and exclusion criteria . The participates were randomly assigned to control group and intervention group by computer with 67 cases each. The control group was given conventional health education, the intervention group was given insulin dialogue toolkit instead of individual health education based on conventional health education. The intervention was lasted 2 weeks.The total score and each dimension score of my opinion of insulin and the blood glucose before and after intervention were observed. Results Before intervention, the total score in my opinion of insulin in intervention group and control group was (66.40±8.51), (66.91±7.27) scores, and there was no significant difference between two groups, P>0.05.After intervention, the total score in my opinion of insulin in intervention group and control group was(76.93±5.31), (71.09±7.77) scores, and there was significant difference between two groups, Z=-5.585, P0.05. Conclusions The insulin dialogue toolkit has an impact on psychological insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes. Insulin dialogue toolkit is a way to improve the diabetes′attitude of insulin, but the effect on blood sugar are not clarity.

Three-dimensional Hindlimb Gait Data Toolkit for Healthy and Spinal Cord Injured Rhesus Monkey / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To establish a three-dimensional hindlimb gait data toolkit (THGT) for healthy and spinal cord injured (SCI) non-human primate (rhesus monkey) based on Matlab to realize upload of original data, automatic gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters, etc. Methods Vicon system was used to collect three-dimensional hindlimb gait data of healthy and SCI (after 6 weeks) rhesus monkey to obtain the kinematics data of both hindlimbs in continuous strides. It was analyzed with THGT to process the gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters. Results THGT read the data, distinguished cycles of gait, calculated 140 kinds of gait parameters and drew graphs of the results. Conclusion THGT extends the universality of the Vicon data, realizes automatically gait division and friendly interactive interface, and puts out the visible results.

Three-dimensional Hindlimb Gait Data Toolkit for Healthy and Spinal Cord Injured Rhesus Monkey / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To establish a three- dimensional hindlimb gait data toolkit (THGT) for healthy and spinal cord injured (SCI) non-human primate (rhesus monkey) based on Matlab to realize upload of original data, automatic gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters, etc. Methods Vicon system was used to collect three-dimensional hindlimb gait data of healthy and SCI (after 6 weeks) rhesus monkey to obtain the kinematics data of both hindlimbs in continuous strides. It was analyzed with THGT to process the gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters. Results THGT read the data, distinguished cycles of gait, calculated 140 kinds of gait parameters and drew graphs of the results. Conclusion THGT extends the universality of the Vicon data, realizes automatically gait division and friendly interactive interface, and puts out the visible results.

Ferramenta computacional para avaliação de kerma no ar em aplicações de radioproteção em áreas de internação de pacientes: proposição de um método simples para avaliação experimental / Computational toolkit for evaluating air kerma with the purpose of radiation protection of hospital inpatients: proposal of a simple experimental evaluation method

OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma ferramenta de análise de dados que pode ser utilizada para proteção de pacientes e trabalhadores em áreas de uso de equipamentos móveis. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta, em planilha ativa Excel®, que utiliza medidas de exposição para gerar um banco de dados de fatores de forma e calcular o kerma no ar ao entorno de um leito. O banco de dados inicial foi coletado com três equipamentos móveis. Um espalhador não antropomórfico foi utilizado, sendo realizadas medidas de exposição em uma malha de (4,2 × 4,2) m², ao passo de 0,3 m. RESULTADOS: A ferramenta calcula o kerma no ar (associado à exposição de pacientes expostos e ao equivalente de dose ambiente) à radiação secundária. Para distâncias inferiores a 60,0 cm, valores acima do limite máximo de equivalente de dose ambiente definido para área livre (0,5 mSv/ano) foram verificados. Os dados coletados a 2,1 m foram sempre inferiores a 12% do referido limite. CONCLUSÃO: A ferramenta é capaz de auxiliar na proteção radiológica de pacientes e trabalhadores, quando associada à coleta de dados adequada, pois possibilita a determinação de áreas livres ao entorno de leitos em áreas onde equipamentos móveis geradores de radiação X são utilizados.

OBJECTIVE: To present a data analysis toolkit that may be utilized with the purpose of radiation protection of hospital inpatients and workers in areas where mobile apparatuses are used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An Excel® ActiveSheet was utilized to develop a computational toolkit with exposure measurements to generate a database of shape factors and to calculate the air kerma around hospital beds. The initial database included data collected with three mobile apparatuses. A non-anthropomorphic phantom was utilized and exposure measurements were performed on a (4.2 × 4.2) m² mesh-grid at 0.3 m steps. RESULTS: The toolkit calculates the air kerma (associated with patients' radiation exposure and with ambient equivalent dose) under secondary radiation. For distances lower than 60.0 cm, values above the maximum ambient equivalent dose threshold defined for radiation free areas (0.5 mSv/year) were verified. Data collected at 2.1 m have always presented values lower than 12% of that threshold. CONCLUSION: The toolkit can aid in the radiological protection of patients and workers, provided it is combined with appropriate data collection, since it allows the determination of radiation free areas around beds in rooms where mobile X-ray apparatuses are utilized.

Identifying main research areas in Health Informatics as revealed by papers presented in the 13th world congress on Medical and Health Informatics

To identify the main research areas in Health Informatics is an important goal for specialists in the Discipline. The proposals of the Think Tank at Oatley (2005) are one of the outstanding examples in this direction. With the aim of finding the main areas of scientific production in Health Informatics, the 284 oral presentations included into the program of the 13th World Congress on Medical and Health Informatics (Medinfo'2010) held in Cape Town in September 2010, were analyzed. Twelve of the 13 areas identified in Oatley were present, being the most salient: Computer Science for Health Informatics (61 papers); Toolkit and systems (35);People in organizations (23);Politics and policy (21);Health informatics standards (21 papers).Nineteen papers did not fit into Oatley's classification, including the areas of Bioinformatics (6) and Mining of Biomedical Literature (6).This study on one hand points to the importance of theoretical aspects for our discipline's body, and, on the other hand, suggest the need of similar studies at larger scales(AU)

Identificar las áreas de investigación más importantes en la Disciplina Informática en Salud es un objetivo importante para los especialistas en la temática. Las propuestas del Tanque Pensante de Oatley (2005) constituyen uno de los ejemplos más ilustrativos. Con el interés de definir las principales áreas de producción científica en la disciplina, se analizaron las 284 presentaciones orales incluidas en el programa del 13 congreso mundial de informática Médica y de Salud (Medinfo'2010) celebrado en Cape Town en septiembre de 2010. Doce de las 13 áreas principales definidas en Oatley estuvieron representadas, destacándose Ciencias de la computación al servicio de la Salud (61 trabajos) Herramientas y Sistemas(35) Personas en las organizaciones (23) y Políticas y estrategias (23) Normas y estándares (21 artículos). Diecinueve artículos no se ajustaban a las sugerencias de Oatley destacándose Bioinformática (6) y exploración de la literatura biomédica (6). Este estudio por una parte sugiere la importancia de aquellas áreas con alto contenido teórico en el cuerpo de nuestra Disciplina, mientras que por otra parte sugiere la utilidad de realizar estudios similares a mayor escalaç(AU)

Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT sectional images of liver tissue based on VTK / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective Turn the CT sectional image into three-dimensional imaging based on VTK, in or-der to make better treatment programs for patients with liver cancer. Methods Establish visualization toolkit (VTK) visualization development environment based on VC6.0, obtain patient's CT images in DICOM format, use VTK filter and Laplacian sharpening template for pre-treatment of the images, and then use Ray-Casting algo-rithm for three-dimensional reconstruction. Results We can get three-dimensional images with higher resolu-tion and faster imaging speed through this method, which can also be cut, rotated and zoomed. Conclusion Ray-Casting algorithm based on VTK can be used for the three-dimensional imaging of human liver. With the as-sistance of three-dimensional images, doctors can detect the location of diseased tissue more easily and observe the shapes of diseased tissue intuitively.

Neuronavegador cirúrgico guiado por imagens de ressonância magnética pré-operatória, baseado num transdutor de posição magnético / Surgical neuronavigator guided by preoperative magnetic resonance images, based on a magnetic position sensor

Neurocirurgia guiada por imagem permite ao neurocirurgião navegar dentro do cérebro do paciente, usando imagens préoperatórias como orientação, através do uso de sistemas de rastreamento 3D, durante o procedimento cirúrgico. Seguindo um procedimento de calibração, a posição tridimensional e a orientação dos instrumentos cirúrgicos podem ser transmitidas ao computador. Estas informações espaciais são usadas para acessar a região de interesse nas imagens pré-operatórias com a finalidade de apresentá-las ao cirurgião durante o procedimento cirúrgico. Contudo, quando se faz a craniotomia para a remoção da lesão, o movimento do tecido cerebral pode ser fonte significativa de erro nestes sistemas de navegação. A arquitetura implementada neste trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de um sistema que permite planejamento e orientação cirúrgica guiada por imagem de ultrassom. Para orientação cirúrgica foi desenvolvido um software que permite extrair fatias do volume de imagens de ressonância magnética (IRM), com orientação fornecida por um transdutor espacial baseado em indução magnética (Polhemus®). As fatias extraídas com este software são importantes porque mostram a região do cérebro que o neurocirurgião está observando durante o ato cirúrgico e, além disso, elas podem ser correlacionadas com imagens de ultrassom (IUS) intra-operatórias para detectar e corrigir a deformação do tecido cerebral durante a cirurgia. A ferramenta para navegação pre-cirúrgica foi desenvolvida para fornecer três fatias ortogonais obtidas através do volume de imagens. Na metodologia usada para a implementação do software, foi utilizada a linguagem de programação Python™ e a biblioteca gráfica Visualization Toolkit (VTK). O programa para extrair fatias do volume de IRM permitiu a aplicação de transformações ao volume, com base nos valores de coordenadas fornecidos pelo transdutor de posição Polhemus®.

Image guided neurosurgery enables the neurosurgeon to navigate inside the patient’s brain using pre-operative images as a guide and a tracking system, during a surgery. Following a calibration procedure, three-dimensional position and orientation of surgical instruments may be transmitted to computer. The spatial information is used to access a region of interest, in the pre-operative images, displaying them to the neurosurgeon during the surgical procedure. However, when a craniotomy is involved and the lesion is removed, movements of brain tissue can be a significant source of error in these conventional navigation systems. The architecture implemented in this work intends the development of a system to surgical planning and orientation guided by ultrasound image. For surgical orientation, the software developed allows the extraction of slices from the volume of the magnetic resonance images (MRI) with orientation supplied by a magnetic position sensor (Polhemus®). The slices extracted with this software are important because they show the cerebral area that the neurosurgeon is observing during the surgery, and besides they can be correlated with the intra-operative ultrasound images to detect and to correct the deformation of brain tissue during the surgery. Also, a tool for per-operative navigation was developed, providing three orthogonal planes through the image volume. In the methodology used for the software implementation, the Python™ programming language and the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) graphics library were used. The program to extract slices of the MRI volume allowed the application of transformations in the volume, using coordinates supplied by the position sensor.

Improving Communication between Medical Workers and their Communicatively Impaired Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To improve communication between patients with communication disorders and their health care providers. Methods A communication training session and a communication toolkit for health care workers in long-term care facilities (L-TCFs) were used before. A control group and experimental group were used to assess the effectiveness of the communication training and a toolkit. Results and Conclusion There was little benefit to the training and toolkit. However, anecdotal observations showed there were some benefits, especially with the increased use of amplifiers for patients with hearing impairment. In addition, the L-TCF is inherent with structural obstacles to successful communication that need to be taken into account when interpreting the results. More research is needed in this area.

Three-dimension reconstruction of brain by Visualization Toolkit / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo implement two typical algorithms, Marching Cubes and Ray-casting, of medical image 3-D visualization using Visualization Toolkit (VTK) with VC++.MethodsSkull and scarfskin of brain were reconstructed based on CT data. Results and ConclusionVTK is a powerful tool with many advantages, such as easy to use, fast, good interaction ability, good results for image reconstruction and so on.

Pilot study on 3D visualization of Human Dataset under web condition / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To reconstruct the Chinese visible human (CVH) dataset with the reconstruction algorithm, the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), and to realize long-distance accessing and alternating operation associated with virtual reality modeling language (VRML) under web condition. Methods 3D structure of the humerus was reconstructed and put out in web condition by applying the methed of capturing data of digitalized visible human. Results The 3D structure of the humerus was successfully reconstructed. These 3D images displayed the anatomical relationships of the structures of the humerus in explore windows with any angle and scale. All reconstructed structures were represented conveniently. Conclusion Based on VTK and VRML, 3D reconstruction of the humerus is realized, which will provide the support and reference for further research on the others structure's visualization of human body, and also for Visualization in Scientific Computing and long-distance teaching in anatomy.