Targeting stroma and tumor, silencing galectin 1 treats orthotopic mouse hepatocellular carcinoma

This study examines inhibiting galectin 1 (Gal1) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting roles. Our data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse HCC. The levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with survival. The roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression (OE) or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by AAV9. Prior to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations, lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor load. The treatment effect of lgals1 siRNA was further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9% or even 42% of the body weight. Comparing spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC, inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45+ cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 silencing. Within the tumors, silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation, elongation, and termination. Furthermore, Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor, and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNA was CD8-dependent. Overall, Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.

CircSLC8A1_005 Inhibits the Fibrotic Phenotype of Cardiac Fibroblasts by Encoding Protein / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of circSLC8A1_005 on the fibrotic phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts and the potential mechanism involved. MethodsThe effect of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of circSLC8A1_005 on the expression of fibrosis-related genes， collagen type I alpha 1 chain （Col1a1）， collagen type Ⅲ alpha 1 chain （Col3a1） and smooth muscle actin alpha 2 （Acta2）， in mouse cardiac fibroblasts （mCFs） were detected. The proliferation and migration activities of mCFs were detected by EdU and wound-healing assay， respectively. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to detect the activity of potential internal ribozyme entry site （IRES） in circSLC8A1_005. CircSLC8A1_005-translated protein， SLC8A1-605aa， and its intracellular distribution was identified by Western blot assay. The effect of SLC8A1-605aa protein on transcription activity of Sod2 gene was detected by the dual luciferase reporter gene assay. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation （RIP） was utilized to verify the interaction between SLC8A1-605aa and superoxide dismutase 2 （Sod2） mRNA. Actinomycin D treatment was used to detect the effect of SLC8A1-605aa on Sod2 mRNA stability in mCFs. ResultsAn efficient adenovirus-mediated overexpression of circSLC8A1_005 was achieved in mCFs. The enforced expression of circSLC8A1_005 suppressed proliferation and migration of mCFs， and inhibited the expression of fibrosis-related genes in mCFs. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed the activities of 2 IRES in circSLC8A1_005. Results of Western blot assay showed that circSLC8A1_005 could translate protein SLC8A1-605aa with the prospected molecular weight of 70 ku， which is predominantly distributed in the nucleus. Overexpression of the circSLC8A1_005 and SLC8A1-605aa could consistently inhibit the fibrotic phenotype of mCFs. SLC8A1-605aa could up-regulate superoxide dismutase 2 （Sod2） expression， but not at the transcriptional level. RIP assay indicated that SLC8A1-605aa could specifically interact with Sod2 mRNA， and the results of actinomycin D assay showed that SLC8A1-605aa could enhance the stability of Sod2 mRNA in mCFs. ConclusionCircSLC8A1_005 inhibits the fibrotic phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts via translating SLC8A1-605aa protein， and SLC8A1-605aa may be a potential target for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.

Adaptação transcultural para o português Brasileiro do Vocal Congruence Scale e Transgender Congruence Scale / Cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Vocal Congruence Scale and Transgender Congruence Scale

RESUMO Objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural dos instrumentos Vocal Congruence Scale (VCS) e o Transgender Scale Congruence (TSC) para o português brasileiro. Método o estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: adaptação transcultural e pré-teste. 1. Adaptação transcultural: foi composta por uma equipe de dois fonoaudiólogos e dois não-fonoaudiólogos, sendo responsáveis pela tradução para o português (um fonoaudiólogo e um não-fonoaudiólogo nativos do português brasileiro - PB e falantes do inglês), de modo independente, com posterior consenso realizado pelos pesquisadores; retrotradução para o inglês (um fonoaudiólogo e um não-fonoaudiólogo nativos do inglês e falantes do PB); análise da versão final por um comitê (um tradutor, um metodologista, e três fonoaudiólogos). 2. Etapa de pré-teste: os instrumentos foram aplicados em 38 indivíduos transgêneros (29 mulheres trans, 2 travestis e 7 homens trans), sendo acrescido na chave de resposta a opção "não aplicável". Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e inferencial. Resultados No processo de adaptação transcultural do VCS houve ajustes em cinco itens do questionário, quatro deles quanto à forma e um quanto ao conteúdo. Para o TSC também foram necessários ajustes quanto a forma em cinco itens. No pré-teste, para todos os itens dos instrumentos, a opção não aplicável apresentou proporção significativamente menor que as opções da chave de resposta dos instrumentos. Por fim, foi obtida uma versão traduzida e adaptada para o português dos dois instrumentos. Conclusão Os instrumentos foram transculturalmente adaptados para o português brasileiro e nomeados como Escala de Congruência Vocal e Escala de Congruência da Pessoa Transgênero.

ABSTRACT Purpose to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Vocal Congruence Scale (VCS) and the Transgender Scale Congruence (TSC) instruments into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods the study was developed in two stages: cross-cultural adaptation and pre-test. 1. Cross-cultural adaptation: it was composed of a team of two speech therapists and two non-speech therapists, being responsible for the translation of the instruments into Portuguese (a speech therapist and a non-speech therapist native to Brazilian Portuguese - BP and English speakers, independently, with subsequent consensus achieved by the researchers; back-translation of the instruments into English (a speech therapist and a non-speech therapist who are native speakers of English and speakers of BP); analysis of the final version by a committee (a translator, a methodologist, and three speech therapists). Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Results In the cross-cultural adaptation process of the VCS there were adjustments in five items of the questionnaire, four of them in terms of form and one in terms of content. necessary adjustments regarding form in five items. In the pre-test, for all VCS and TSC items, the non-applicable option had a significantly lower proportion than the instrument response key options (p<0.001, for all). Finally, a translated and adapted version for Brazilian Portuguese of the Vocal Congruence Scale (VCS) and the Transgender Scale Congruence (TSC) instruments was obtained. Conclusion The VCS and TSC were transculturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and named as Vocal Congruence Scale and Transgender Person Congruence Scale.

The Brazilian version of the High-Activity Arthroplasty Score: cross-cultural adaptation

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) is a self-administered questionnaire, developed in British English, that reliably and validly measures the levels of sports activities in patients following hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the HAAS to Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HAAS was created through a six-step process: translation, synthesis, committee review, pretesting, back-translation, and submission to developers. The translation step was conducted by two independent bilingual translators, both native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation was performed by an independent translator, a native speaker of British English. To ensure the questionnaire's comprehensibility, 46 volunteers (51% men; average age 34-63) participated in the pre-testing step. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation process necessitated modifications to certain terms and expressions to achieve cultural equivalence with the original HAAS. CONCLUSION: The HAAS has been translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted for Brazil. The validation process for HAAS-Brazil is currently underway.

Translation and cultural adaptation of "Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory" into Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract Objective Translate and cross-culturally adapt into Brazilian Portuguese the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory instrument used for the quality-of-life assessment after pediatric ENT interventions. Method This is a methodological study of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the GCBI instrument following seven stages: 1) Translation of two versions by two independent translators, 2) Elaboration of a consensual synthetized version, 3) Assessment of the synthetized version by experts, 4) Assessment by the target audience, 5) Back-translation, 6) Pilot study and 7) Use of the instrument. The final version of the instrument was answered by a sample of 28 people responsible for children aged from 2 to 7 years, submitted to tonsillectomy between January 2019 and December 2021, in a public hospital in Porto Alegre. The collection considered patients with a minimum of 6-months and a maximum of 3-years of postoperative follow-up. Result The instrument final version was compared to the original version showing semantic equivalence, absence of consistent translation difficulties and appropriate cross-cultural adaptation, and well understood by the target audience. The application of the questionnaire in the sample showed a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.944 corresponding to a high degree of reliability of the instrument. Conclusion The translation and cross-cultural adaptation showed semantic appropriateness and its use when assessing ENT postoperative results in a pediatric population showed high reliability of the instrument. Level of evidence 4.

Revisão por pares das estratégias de busca para revisões sistemáticas: o PRESS, histórico, tradução para o português e funcionalidade / Peer review of search strategies for systematic reviews: the PRESS, history, Portuguese translation and functionality / Revisión por pares de las estrategias de búsqueda para revisiones sistemáticas: el PRESS, historia, traducción al portugués y funcionalidad

O Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) é um instrumento elaborado na Canadian Agency for Drugs & Technologies in Health (CADTH) para avaliar cada elemento das estratégias de busca em bases de dados eletrônicas que podem influenciar a base das evidências das revisões sistemáticas. Os autores obtiveram licença para traduzir o PRESS para o português. O objetivo é contribuir para disseminação, uso e posterior implementação do PRESS, especialmente entre os bibliotecários, consolidando uma prática de avaliação de estratégias de busca das revisões sistemáticas. A metodologia foi o relato de experiência. Para contextualizar, inicia-se com o histórico da construção do PRESS, seguido do processo da tradução e apresentação das funcionalidades de cada tabela. O resultado é a disponibilização da versão do PRESS em português na página da CADTH. Conclui-se que a tradução deve impactar positivamente na qualidade das estratégias de busca das revisões sistemáticas com participação de bibliotecários brasileiros

The Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) is an instrument developed at the Canadian Agen-cy for Drugs & Technologies in Health (CADTH) to evaluate each element of search strategies in electronic databases that may influence the evidence base of systematic reviews. The authors obtained a license to translate the PRESS into Portuguese. The objective is to contribute to the dissemination, use and sub-sequent implementation of PRESS, especially among librarians, to consolidate the practice of evaluating search strategies for systematic reviews. The methodology used was the experience report. It begins with the history of the construction of PRESS, followed by the report of the translation process and the function-alities of each table. The result is the availability of the PRESS version in portuguese on the CADTH page. It is concluded that the translation should have a positive impact on the quality of search strategies for systematic reviews involving Brazilian librarians

El Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) es un instrumento de la Canadian Agency for Drugs & Technologies in Health (CADTH) para evaluar cada elemento de las estrategias de búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas que pueden influir en la base de evidencia de revisiones sistemáticas. Los autores obtu-vieron permiso para traducir PRESS al portugués. El objetivo es contribuir para difusión, uso e implemen-tación del PRESS, especialmente entre bibliotecarios, para consolidar la práctica de evaluar las estrategias de búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas. La metodología utilizada fue relato de experiencias. Comienza con la historia de la construcción de PRESS, sigue el relato de la traducción, y de las funcionalidades de cada ta-bla. Como resultado el PRESS en portugués está en el sitio web de CADTH. Se concluye que esta traducción debe tener un impacto positivo en la calidad de las estrategias de búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas que involucren bibliotecarios brasileños

Plataforma tecnológica como suporte para translação do conhecimento em saúde / Technological platform as a support for health knowledge translation / La plataforma tecnológica como soporte para la transferencia de conocimientos en salud

A translação do conhecimento (TC) visa à utilização prática dos resultados de pesquisas científicas e o monitoramento dos benefícios causados à saúde da população. O objetivo deste estudo foi instrumentalizar a instância de suporte à TC por meio da identificação dos requisitos funcionais de uma proposta de plataforma tecnológica. Fundamentando-se no Design Science Research, o estudo se enquadra como uma pesquisa qualitativa procurando resolver um problema prático num contexto específico. Por meio de um grupo focal confirmatório com profissionais e pesquisadores de um instituto de ciência e tecnologia em saúde, foram identificadas 11 categorias de requisitos funcionais: Órgãos Regulatórios, Infraestrutura de Implementação, Banco de Dados, Capacitações em TC, Eventos de TC, Perfil de Consultas, Portal TC, Avaliação de Iniciativas, Apoio Institucional, Ferramenta de Busca Parametrizada e Prospecção de Projetos de Pesquisa. A modelagem da proposta contemplou as sugestões de funcionalidades para instrumentalizar o processo de aplicação prática dos conhecimentos decorrentes das pesquisas

Knowledge translation (KT) aims at the practical use of scientific research results and the monitoring of the benefits caused to the population's health. The objective of this study was to instrumentalize the TC support instance by identifying the functional requirements of a proposed technological platform. Based on Design Science Research, the study is framed as qualitative research seeking to solve a practical problem in a specific context. Through a confirmatory focus group with professionals and researchers from a health science and technology institute, 11 categories of functional requirements were identified: Regulatory Bodies, Implementation Infrastructure, Database, Capacity Building, KT Events, Query Profile, KT Portal, Initiative Evaluation, Institutional Support, Parameterized Search Tool, and Research Project Prospecting. The modeling of the proposal contemplated the suggestions of functionalities to instrumentalize the process of the practical application of the knowledge resulting from the research

La traslación del conocimiento (TC) tiene como objetivo el uso práctico de los resultados de la investigación científica y el seguimiento de los beneficios causados a la salud de la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue instrumentalizar la instancia de apoyo a la TC a través de la identificación de requisitos funcionales de una plataforma tecnológica propuesta. Basado en Design Science Research, el estudio se enmarca como una investigación cualitativa que busca resolver un problema práctico en un contexto específico. A través de un grupo focal confirmatorio con profesionales e investigadores de un instituto de ciencia y tecnología de la salud, se identificaron 11 categorías de requisitos funcionales: Órganos Reguladores, Infraestructura de Implementación, Base de Datos, Capacitación, Eventos de TC, Perfil de Consulta, Portal de TC, Evaluación de Iniciativas, Apoyo Institucional, Herramienta de Búsqueda Parametrizada y Prospección de Proyectos de Investigación. El modelado de la propuesta incluyó las sugerencias de funcionalidades para instrumentalizar el proceso de aplicación práctica del conocimiento surgido de la investigación

Marathi translation, linguistic validation, and cross?cultural adaptation of M.D. Anderson dysphagia inventory in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer

Background: Self?reported treatment outcome is a better way to measure patient抯 quality of life (QOL). This study was undertaken to translate dysphagia?specific QOL questionnaire M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) in Marathi language, its linguistic validation, and cross?cultural adaptation in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Methods: After Institutional ethics committee approval, MDADI was translated into Marathi with prior permission from the author of original English questionnaire (AOEQ). The translation procedure included � two forward translations (English to Marathi), formation of first intermediate Marathi translation (FIMT), two back translations (BT) (Marathi to English) of FIMT and interim Marathi translation (IMT) formation. Second intermediate Marathi translation (SIMT) was prepared after face validation of IMT by Marathi subject expert. Pretesting of SIMT was done in 10 patients of HNSCC for linguistic validation and cross?cultural adaptation. After incorporating the patients� suggestions, final Marathi translation was formulated and forwarded to primary author for approval. Results: The grammatically acceptable and conceptually equivalent face?validated SIMT was prepared and given to HNSCC patients. The questionnaire was well understood and unobjectionable reflecting its linguistic validity and cross?cultural adaptation. Some of the patients suggested changes in a few words which were then rectified, rechecked with BT, and the final Marathi translated questionnaire was prepared. The credit statement for AOEQ was used as a footnote in the translated questionnaire. Conclusion: Marathi translation of MDADI is well accepted and comprehensible. It can be used for future studies.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Short Version of the Reflux Symptom Score: Reflux Symptom Score-12 into Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract Objective: To describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the French Reflux Symptom Score-12 questionnaire used for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods: This was across-cultural translation and adaptation study of a health instrument, with a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in eight stages: translation from French into Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the first version (pilot test 1), adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the second version (pilot test 2), back translation, reviewing by a committee in conjunction with the author of the original instrument and, application of the final version. The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the questionnaire were applied to individuals with symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux who underwent pHmetry and esophageal manometry at the study site. Results: In pilot test 1, the first version of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to 30 patients. The patients had no difficulty to understand any of the 12 symptom items, but 15 patients (50%) had difficulty interpreting the symptom frequency score. After adapting the format of the frequency score, a version 2 of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to another 23 patients, who completed the questionnaire in full without any difficulty. Along with the review committee, the author of the original RSS-12 considered the version 2 to be adequate and did not propose any changes, so it was approved as the final version of the Brazilian Portuguese RSS-12. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument, called Reflux Symptom Score-12 PT-BR, shows good understanding and linguistic, conceptual and content equivalence, in relation to the original Reflux Symptom Score-12.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Sarcopenia and Quality of Life (SarQoL) in Brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is defined as a slow, progressive, and apparently inevitable process of involuntary loss of muscle mass, strength, and quality, which occurs with advancing age. It is widely accepted that sarcopenia can directly affect quality of life. OBJECTIVE: Translate, adapt and validate the "Sarcopenia and Quality of Life" instrument (SarQoL) to the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation study carried out at the Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The population consisted of 221 older adult participants. The steps recommended by the guidelines from the authors of the original instrument were followed sequentially: initial translation, synthesis of translations, backward translation, evaluation by a panel of judges, pre-test, and analysis of psychometric properties. The translation and adaptation process was conducted as recommended. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-one participants took part in the step analysis of the psychometric properties of SarQoL, in which 55 presented sarcopenia. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total SarQoL questionnaire was 0.976, indicating excellent internal consistency. Excellent agreements between the test and retest with an Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.983 (95% confidence interval: 0.901-0.996) were observed in the SarQoL domains. The domains of Short-Form 36 and EuroQoL 5-dimension showed significant correlation, from moderate to strong magnitude, with SarQoL total score, indicating convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of SarQoL presented evidence of reliability and validity.

Adaptación cultural y confiabilidad del instrumento Five-part questionnaire on hypermobility al contexto peruano / Cultural adaptation and reliability of the instrument Five-part questionnaire on hypermobility to the Peruvian context

Introducción Para el diagnóstico de hiperlaxitud articular se emplea comúnmente el Test de Beighton que requiere de un profesional para la exploración física. Por su parte, el instrumento es una herramienta autoadministrada que permite identificar de forma temprana la presencia de hiperlaxitud articular. Objetivos Realizar la adaptación cultural y confiabilidad test-retest del instrumento The Five-part questionnaire on hypermobility al contexto peruano, por medio de la traducción al español, adaptación lingüística y verificación de la confiabilidad test--retest en estudiantes de 13 a 17 años y docentes/administrativos de 24 a 60 años. Métodos Se realizó una traducción-retrotraducción con dos traductores, dos retrotraductores y la adaptación lingüística con 10 expertos. Obtenida la versión adaptada del cuestionario, se aplicó un análisis de comprensibilidad a 50 sujetos. Finalmente se estimó la confiabilidad test-retest en dos grupos: en adolescentes de 13 a 17 años y en adultos de 24 a 60 años. Resultados Se obtuvo la versión traducida del cuestionario, el cual pasó por un proceso de adaptación lingüística donde 10 expertos realizaron un análisis de concordancia (Coeficiente V de Aiken = 1) y un análisis de comprensibilidad con una escala de 0 a 10 que obtuvo una media de 10 puntos. Posteriormente, esta versión fue retro traducida y cotejada con el original. En el análisis de confiabilidad, los resultados de la aplicación del test-retest encontraron una confiabilidad alta entre el puntaje total de ambas aplicaciones tanto para el grupo de 65 adultos (Kappa 0,795; intervalo de confianza al 95%: de 0,777 a 0,819) y el de 71 adolescentes (Kappa 0,946; intervalo de confianza al 95%: de 0,908 a 0,982). Conclusiones Se adaptó el instrumento traducido cuestionario corto al contexto cultural de Perú y se encontró alta confiabilidad para los grupos de estudio de 13 a 17 años y de 24 a 60 años. Se recomienda la validación concurrente para considerar su aplicación en clínica y en investigación.

Introduction For the diagnosis of joint hypermobility, the Beighton test is commonly used; this requires a professional for the physical examination. The "Five- part questionnaire on hypermobility" is a self- administered tool that allows early identification of joint hypermobility. Objective To carry out the cultural adaptation and test- retest reliability of the "Five- part questionnaire on hypermobility" to the Peruvian context through translation into spanish, linguistic adaptation, and verification of test- retest reliability in students from 13 to 17 years of age and teachers/ad-ministrators from 24 to 60 years of age. Methods A translation and back- translation were performed with two translators and two back- translators, followed by a linguistic adaptation with ten experts. Once the adapted version of the question-naire was obtained, a comprehensibility analysis was carried out with 50 subjects. Finally, test- retest reliability was estimated in two groups: adolescents aged 13 to 17 and adults aged 24 to 60. Results The translated version of the questionnaire was obtained and underwent a linguistic adaptation process in which ten experts performed a concordance analysis (Aiken's V coefficient = 1), and a comprehensibility analysis with a scale of zero to ten obtained an average of ten points. Subsequently, this version was back- translated and checked against the original. In the reliability analysis, the results of the test- retest application found high reliability between the total score of both applications for both the group of 65 adults (Kappa 0.795; 95% CI: 0.777 to 0.819) and the group of 71 adolescents (Kappa 0.946; 95% CI: 0.908 to 0.982). Conclusions The translated instrument "Five- part questionnaire (5pq) on hypermobility" was adapted to the Peruvian cultural context, and high reliability was found for the study groups 13 to 17 years and 24 to 60 years. Concurrent validation is recommended to consider its application in clinical and research settings.

Tradução, validação e adaptação transcultural da Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B para o português brasileiro / Translation, validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B into Brazilian Portuguese

Resumo: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, com o objetivo de traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente a Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B (FATCOD-B scale) para o português brasileiro e avaliar sua validade de conteúdo e a consistência interna. Essa escala favorece a eficácia da assistência prestada pela equipe de saúde na temática da morte. Foi projetada pela enfermeira Katherine Helen Murray Frommelt em 1989, com o objetivo de avaliar as atitudes dos enfermeiros em relação ao cuidado de pessoas em estado terminal e suas famílias. Posteriormente, sua aplicação foi estendida para outros profissionais, como médicos. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos do Setor de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Paraná com a CAEE 55547522.1.0000.0102. Foi desenvolvido entre julho de 2021 a janeiro de 2023, no formato online e envolveu as etapas: tradução; síntese; retrotradução; revisão por um comitê de especialistas; pré-teste e versão final da escala. Foram recrutados como participantes: tradutores juramentados; tradutor da área da saúde; retrotradutores norte-americanos; especialistas, dentre os quais médicos, enfermeiros, profissional formado em letras português-inglês e profissionais médicos e enfermeiros associados à Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia que participaram do pré-teste. Todos foram selecionados mediante critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A versão da FATCOD-B scale finalizada pelos especialistas, foi aplicada no pré-teste a 75 médicos e 12 enfermeiros, que também responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico que continha perguntas referentes a sexo, idade, religião, profissão, educação prévia sobre o morrer e a morte, experiência prévia com a perda, experiência presente com a perda e experiência prévia no cuidado de pessoas com doenças terminais. Para avaliar as associações entre as respostas da FATCOD-B scale foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher. Todos os testes foram realizados considerando o nível de 5% de significância e utilizou-se a linguagem de programação R.4.1.2. Dos 87 participantes, 57,4% tinham até 45 anos; 66,7% eram mulheres; 55,2% eram católicos; 73,6% apontaram a crença religiosa como geradora de atitudes sobre o morrer e a morte; 96,6% tinham experiência prévia no cuidado de pessoas com doenças terminais, 72,43% experienciaram a perda de familiares próximos ou outra pessoa significante, 65,5% não fizaram curso específico sobre o morrer e a morte, mas tiveram o assunto abordado em outros cursos. Observou-se que as variáveis idade, sexo, religião, experiência prévia com a perda e a educação prévia sobre o morrer e a morte são fatores associados às atitudes diante do morrer e da morte (p<0,05). Os participantes apresentaram atitudes positivas diante do morrer e da morte, pontuando 121 ± 0,68 na escala FATCOD-B. O Alfa de Cronbach atingiu 0,81 e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo 88,27 os quais foram empregados para avaliar a consistência interna da versão final da FATCOD-B scale, obtendo-se valor adequado. A versão brasileira da FATCOD-B scale (FATCOD-B-B), traduzida e adaptada transculturalmente para o português brasileiro através de processos científicos rigorosos, apresentou validade de conteúdo e alta consistência interna, logo poderá ser aplicada em todo território nacional.

Abstract: This is a methodological study, with the objective of performing the translation and crosscultural adaptation of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B (FATCOD-B scale) into Brazilian Portuguese and the evaluation of its content validity and internal consistency. This scale is a measurement instrument, which favors the effectiveness of the assistance provided by the health team on the theme of death. It was designed by the nurse Katherine Helen Murray Frommelt in 1989, with the objective of evaluating the attitudes of nurses in relation to the care of terminally ill people and their families. Later, its application was extended to other healthcare professionals, such as physicians. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of the Health Sciences Sector of the Federal University of Paraná with CAEE 55547522.1.0000.0102. It was developed between July 2021 and January 2023, in the online format and involved the following stages: translation; synthesis; back translation; review by a committee of experts; pre-test and final version of the scale. The study participants were recruited as: translators sworn; a translator in the health area; North American back-translators; specialists, among which there are physicians, nurses and a professional graduated in Portuguese-English letters and physicians and nurses associated with the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology who participated in the pre-test. All participants were selected through pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The version of the FATCOD-B scale finalized by the specialists was applied in the pre-test to 75 physicians and 12 nurses, who also answered a sociodemographic questionnaire that contained questions regarding sex, age, religion, profession, previous education about dying and death, previous experience with the loss, present experience with the loss and previous experience in caring for people with terminal illnesses. To evaluate the associations between the answers of the FATCOD-B scale, it was used the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. All tests were performed considering a 5% significance level and using the R.4.1.2 programming language. From the 87 participants, 57.4% were up to 45 years old; 66.7% were women; 55.2% were catholic; 73.6% pointed to religious belief as a generator of attitudes about dying and death; 96.6% had previous experience in caring for people with terminal illnesses, 72.43% had experienced the loss of close family members or another significant person, 65.5% had not taken a specific course on dying and death, but had the subject approached in other courses. It was observed that the variables age, gender, religion, previous experience with loss and previous education about dying and death are influential in the attitudes towards dying and death (p<0.05). Participants showed positive attitudes towards dying and death, scoring 121 ± 0.68 on the FATCOD-B scale. Cronbach's alpha reached 0.81 and the Content Validity Index 88.27, wich were used to assess the reliability and internal consistency of the final version of the FATCOD-B scale, obtaining adequate values. The Brazilian version of the FATCOD-B scale, translated and cross-culturally adapted through rigorous scientific processes, showed content validity and high internal consistency, and could soon be applied throughout the country.

Tradução e evidências de validade da Escala Básica de Empatia Validação Escala Empatia / Translation and evidence of validity of the Basic Empathy Scale / Traducción y evidencia de validez de la Escala Básica de Empatía

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar e buscar evidências de validade para a Escala Básica de Empatia (EBE). Para a obtenção dos dados, o instrumento foi aplicado através da disponibilização de um link online em plataforma digital. O estudo obteve 376 participantes, sendo 311 mulheres e 62 homens, com idade média de 30,9 anos (DP = 13,3). Os dados foram coletados pela plataforma REDCAP e analisados pelos programas SPSS Statistics 23.0 e Factor. Para a análise de dados, foi utilizado o método de extração de dados de Análise Paralela. A validação brasileira da EBE revelou adequadas propriedades psicométricas, especificamente ao nível estrutural de dois fatores (KMO = 0,85; FDI > 0,9). A consistência interna foi de 0,83. As validades convergente e discriminante tiveram correlações significativas. A partir dos adequados índices psicométricos, pode-se concluir que o instrumento foi devidamente adaptado à população brasileira.

The aim of this research was to adapt and seek evidence of validity for the Basic Empathy Scale (EBE). To obtain the data, the instrument was applied by providing an online link on a digital platform. The study had 376 participants, 311 women and 62 men, with a mean age of 30.9 years (SD = 13.3). Data were collected by the REDCAP platform and analyzed by SPSS Statistics 23.0 and Factor. For data analysis, the Parallel Analysis data extraction method was used. The Brazilian validation of the EBE revealed adequate psychometric properties, specifically at the two-factor structural level (KMO = 0.85; FDI > 0.9). The internal consistency was 0.83. Convergent and discriminant validities had significant correlations. From the adequate psychometric indices, it can be concluded that the instrument was properly adapted to the Brazilian population.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez para la Escala de Empatía Básica (EBE). Para obtener los datos, se aplicó el instrumento proporcionando un enlace en línea en una plataforma digital. El estudio contó con 376 participantes, 311 mujeres y 62 hombres, con una edad media de 30,9 años (DE = 13,3). Los datos fueron recolectados por la plataforma REDCAP y analizados por SPSS Statistics 23.0 y Factor. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el método de extracción de datos de Análisis Paralelo. La validación brasileña del EBE reveló propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, específicamente a nivel estructural de dos factores (KMO = 0,85; IED > 0,9). La consistencia interna fue de 0,83. Las validez convergente y discriminante tuvieron correlaciones significativas. De los índices psicométricos adecuados, se puede concluir que el instrumento se adaptó adecuadamente a la población brasileña.

Current research trends of nanomedicines

Owing to the inherent shortcomings of traditional therapeutic drugs in terms of inadequate therapeutic efficacy and toxicity in clinical treatment, nanomedicine designs have received widespread attention with significantly improved efficacy and reduced non-target side effects. Nanomedicines hold tremendous theranostic potential for treating, monitoring, diagnosing, and controlling various diseases and are attracting an unfathomable amount of input of research resources. Against the backdrop of an exponentially growing number of publications, it is imperative to help the audience get a panorama image of the research activities in the field of nanomedicines. Herein, this review elaborates on the development trends of nanomedicines, emerging nanocarriers, in vivo fate and safety of nanomedicines, and their extensive applications. Moreover, the potential challenges and the obstacles hindering the clinical translation of nanomedicines are also discussed. The elaboration on various aspects of the research trends of nanomedicines may help enlighten the readers and set the route for future endeavors.

Recent progress and challenges in the treatment of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the structural and functional connectivity between the higher center and the spinal cord, resulting in severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction with a variety of complications. The pathophysiology of SCI is complicated and multifaceted, and thus individual treatments acting on a specific aspect or process are inadequate to elicit neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Combinatory strategies targeting multiple aspects of SCI pathology have achieved greater beneficial effects than individual therapy alone. Although many problems and challenges remain, the encouraging outcomes that have been achieved in preclinical models offer a promising foothold for the development of novel clinical strategies to treat SCI. In this review, we characterize the mechanisms underlying axon regeneration of adult neurons and summarize recent advances in facilitating functional recovery following SCI at both the acute and chronic stages. In addition, we analyze the current status, remaining problems, and realistic challenges towards clinical translation. Finally, we consider the future of SCI treatment and provide insights into how to narrow the translational gap that currently exists between preclinical studies and clinical practice. Going forward, clinical trials should emphasize multidisciplinary conversation and cooperation to identify optimal combinatorial approaches to maximize therapeutic benefit in humans with SCI.

Role of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Family Members in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1(EEF1) family members (EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on public databases.Methods We examined EEF1 member expression levels in human LUAD samples via The Cancer Genome Atlas in the UCSC Xena browser and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium.We analyzed the mRNA and protein levels of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 and their correlations with pathological variables via the Mann-Whitney U test.The Kaplan-Meier curves were established to assess the prognostic values of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2.The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm was employed to explore the relationship between the expression levels of EEF1 members and tumor immune cell infiltration.Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between the expression levels of EEF1 members and those of the genes in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway.The immunohistochemical assay was employed to determine the expression levels of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 in the LUAD tissue (n=75) and paracancer tissue (n=75) samples.Results The mRNA and protein levels of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 showed significant differences between tumor and paracancer tissues (all P<0.001).The patients with high protein levels of EEF1A1 showed bad prognosis in terms of overall survival (P=0.039),and those with high protein levels of EEF1A2 showed good prognosis in terms of overall survival (P=0.012).The influence of the mRNA level of EEF1D on prognosis was associated with pathological characteristics.The expression levels of EEF1 members were significantly associated with the infiltration of various immune cells and the expression of key molecules in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway.Conclusion EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 are associated with the progression of LUAD,serving as the candidate prognostic markers for LUAD.

Progress based on the clinical translation of the anxiolytic effects of oxytocin / 四川精神卫生

The etiology and pathogenesis of anxiety disorders were still unknown with limited progress in treatment， and had a low cure rate and a high relapse rate. Oxytocin has attracted attention in recent years due to its anxiolytic effect， especially validated in animal experiments， but there are few studies in humans. Therefore， the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the pathological mechanism of anxiety through review researches on oxytocin and anxiety in recent years. Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorder， and the imbalance of neurotransmitters is one of the pathogenesis. As a common neurotransmitter in the brain， oxytocin participated in the process of anxiety regulation. The purpose of this article is to summarize the research related to oxytocin to explore its possible mechanism of regulating anxiety， and to provide new ideas for diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders in combination with the clinical findings. ［Funded by Zhejiang Health Science and Technology Plan （number， 2022KY367）］.

Self-therapeutic metal-based nanoparticles for treating inflammatory diseases

Inflammatory diseases are key contributors to high mortality globally and adversely affect the quality of life. Current treatments include corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories that may cause systemic toxicity and biologics that may increase the risk of infection. Composite nanoparticles that bear not only the drug payload but also targeting ligands for delivery to inflammation sites at lowered systemic toxicity are established in the nanomedicine field, but their relatively large size often leads to systemic clearance. Metal-based nanoparticles with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties represent attractive alternatives. They are not only designed to be compact for crossing biological barriers (with the nanoparticle serving as a dual carrier and drug), but also support label-free tracking of their interactions with cells. The review commences with an outline of the common inflammatory diseases, inflammatory pathways involved, and conventional drug-loaded nanoparticles for anti-inflammation. Next, the review features the emerging applications of self-therapeutic metal-based nanoparticles (e.g., gold, coper oxide, platinum, ceria, and zinc oxide) for managing inflammatory diseases in animals over the past three years, focusing on therapeutic outcomes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The review concludes with an outlook on the biodistribution, long-term toxicity, and clinical translation of self-therapeutic metal-based nanoparticles.

Translation of the Involvement Matrix tool into Brazilian Portuguese / Tradução da ferramenta Involvement Matrix para o português brasileiro

Abstract Introduction Patient and public involvement has numerous benefits for research; however, there are challenges to its implementation, such as the lack of tools to guide participant engagement in research. The Involvement Matrix (IM) is a tool that facilitates discussion about the role that participants play in research projects, promoting more active public involvement. Objective To translate IM materials into Brazilian Portuguese in order to facilitate their use and guide researchers. Methods Authorization to translate the original material into Brazilian Portuguese was obtained from the authors. Next, the translated material underwent backtranslation. The resulting version was verified by the original IM authors, ensuring semantic and content accuracy. Results The Involvement Matrix (IM) was translated into Portuguese and then backtranslated into English. The researchers discussed the translated version with the IM authors, with minimal adjustments needed in the backtranslation, and no changes made to the Portuguese version. After the approval of the final Brazilian Portuguese version, the translated tools were made available, including a Practical Guide, a Word Version, a Checklist, a Fact Sheet, an Overview with Examples, and an Animated Video with Brazilian Portuguese subtitles. Conclusion The various IM materials are adequately translated and freely available for use in Brazil. It is a valuable tool to guide public and patient involvement in research.

Resumo Introdução O envolvimento do paciente e do público traz diversos benefícios para a pesquisa, no entanto, existem desafios para sua implementação, como a falta de ferramentas que orientem o engajamento dos participantes em pesquisas que os envolvem. A Involvement Matrix (IM) é uma ferramenta que facilita o diálogo sobre o papel que o participante da pesquisa deseja desempenhar em projetos de pesquisas pro-movendo um envolvimento mais ativo desse público. Objetivo Traduzir os materiais da IM para o português brasileiro, a fim de disponibilizar seu uso no Brasil e ori-entar pesquisadores. Métodos Solicitou-se autorização aos autores do instrumento original para traduzi-lo para o português brasileiro. Em seguida, o material traduzido passou por um processo de retrotradução. O resultado foi verificado pelos autores da IM, garantindo a precisão semântica e de conteúdo. Resultados A Matriz de Envolvimento (ME) foi traduzida para o português e retrotraduzida ao inglês. Posteriormente, os pesquisadores da versão brasileira realizaram uma reunião com os autores da ME para esclarecer dúvi-das, havendo a necessidade de mínimos ajustes na retrotradução, sem mudanças da versão em português. Após a aprovação da versão final em português brasi-leiro, foram disponibilizadas as ferramentas traduzidas: um Guia Prático, uma Versão em Word, uma Lista de Verificação, uma Ficha Técnica, uma Visão Geral com Exemplos e um Vídeo Animado legendado em português brasileiro. Conclusão Os diversos materiais da ME estão adequadamente traduzidos e disponíveis gratuitamente para uso no Brasil. Trata-se de uma ferramenta valiosa para guiar o envolvimento do público e do paciente em pesquisas.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the knowledge translation planning template for the brazilian context / Traducción y adaptación intercultural de la plantilla de planificación para la traducción de conocimiento al contexto brasileño / Tradução e adaptação transcultural da ferramenta knowledge translation planning template para o contexto brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the content of the Knowledge Translation Planning Template, a research dissemination planning tool, into Brazilian Portuguese. Method: this is a methodological study, sequentially divided into six stages: initial translation, translation synthesis, back-translation, judges' committee, pre-test, and approval of the adapted version by the instrument author. The judge's committee assessed content validity using the modified Kappa and Content Validity Index. The test was conducted with teachers and students from a Federal University of Santa Catarina graduate program. Results: the process of translating and back-translating the tool showed no discrepancies in terms of meaning. The committee was composed of seven judges who carried out semantic, cultural, and conceptual evaluations and made notes on the translation of the content. At this stage, the content validity showed excellent values for the Content Validity Index and modified Kappa, with 0.99 and 0.816, respectively. The tool was tested with 30 teachers and postgraduate students, where 90% of the respondents considered the tool to be sufficiently comprehensive and that all the items were relevant to the purpose of the instrument. In the last stage, the documents were analyzed together with the author of the original tool and the final version was approved. Conclusion: the Modelo de Planejamento de Tradução do Conhecimento results from a careful translation process, cross-cultural adaptation, and tool content validation. This has resulted in a tool that is applicable and understood by the target audience, which shows consistency in the equivalence of translation and cross-cultural adaptation for Brazil.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar la traducción, adaptación transcultural y validar el contenido de la Plantilla de Planificación para la Traducción del Conocimiento para el idioma portugués de Brasil. Método: estudio metodológico que siguió seis etapas: traducción inicial, síntesis de la traducción, retrotraducción, comité de expertos, pretest y aprobación de la versión adaptada por la autora de la herramienta. Em el comité de expertos, la validez del contenido se calculó mediante el índice de validez de contenido y el Kappa modificado. El pre-test se realizó con profesores y estudiantes de un programa de postgrado en la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Resultados: el proceso de traducción y retrotraducción de la herramienta no mostró discrepancias en términos de significado. El comité estuvo formado por siete expertos que evaluaron los aspectos semánticos, culturales y conceptuales y realizaron observaciones sobre la traducción del contenido. En esta etapa, la validez de contenido mostró valores excelentes para el Índice de Validez de Contenido y el Kappa modificado, con 0,99 y 0,816 respectivamente. La herramienta se probó con 30 profesores y estudiantes de posgrado, donde el 90% de los encuestados consideraron que la herramienta era lo suficientemente completa y que todos los elementos eran pertinentes para el propósito de la herramienta. En la fase final, se analizaron los documentos junto con la autora de la herramienta original y se aprobó la versión final. Conclusión: el "Modelo de Planejamento de Tradução do Conhecimento" es el resultado de un proceso riguroso de traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación de contenido de la herramienta. El resultado fue una herramienta aplicable y comprensible para el público destinatario, y que muestra coherencia en la equivalencia de la traducción y la adaptación transcultural para Brasil.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validar o conteúdo da Knowledge Translation Planning Template para língua portuguesa do Brasil. Método: estudo metodológico, que seguiu seis etapas: tradução inicial, síntese da tradução, retrotradução, comitê de juízes, pré-teste e aprovação da versão adaptada pela autora da ferramenta. No comitê de juízes a validade do conteúdo foi calculada por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e Kappa modificado. O pré-teste foi realizado com docentes e discentes de um programa de pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Resultados: o processo de tradução e retrotradução da ferramenta não apresentou discrepâncias em termos de significado. O comitê foi composto por sete juízes que realizaram avaliação semântica, cultural, conceitual e realizaram apontamentos quanto à tradução do conteúdo. Nesta etapa, a validade de conteúdo apresentou valores excelentes de Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e Kappa modificado, com 0,99 e 0,816 respectivamente. A ferramenta foi testada com 30 docentes e discentes de pós-graduação, onde 90% dos respondentes consideraram a ferramenta suficientemente abrangente, e que todos os itens são relevantes ao propósito da ferramenta. Na última etapa, os documentos foram analisados em conjunto com a autora da ferramenta original e a versão final foi aprovada. Conclusão: o Modelo de Planejamento de Tradução do Conhecimento é resultado de um processo criterioso de tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação de conteúdo da ferramenta. Isso gerou uma ferramenta aplicável e compreendida pelo público-alvo, a qual apresenta consistência na equivalência da tradução e adaptação transcultural para o Brasil.